Geopolitics of knowledge

Decolonial studies from Latin America is a vast and multifaceted field of research, thought, and sociopolitical praxis (Aquino Moreschi, 2013; Curiel, 2016; Moraga & Anzaldúa, 2015; Díaz Gómez, 2004; Espinosa-Miñoso, 2014; Leyva et al., 2015; Mariátegui, 1928/2007; Marcos, 2001; Mignolo & Walsh, 2018; Pacari, 2009). However, it has too often been critiqued and interpreted monolithically or, conversely, omitted entirely by North American academics relying predominantly on anglophone scholarship. This special issue builds upon the 2014 Educational Studies special issue, guest-edited by Stephanie L. Daza and Eve Tuck, which drew from several concepts advanced by Latin American decolonial scholars with the intent to “unsettle the boundaries of post-, de-, and anticolonial theory and practice” (Daza & Tuck, 2014, p. 310). Most of the articles, however, centered anticolonial and postcolonial North American scholarship informed by US-based and anglophone settler colonial frameworks (e.g., Calderón, 2014; Patel, 2014). Our special issue seeks to advance the contributions of this work and complicate the decolonial conversation by thinking from and with Indigenous, Black, and Mestizx discourses and praxes emerging from the Global South.

At this time of revived activism on the African continent, a number of contemporary artists based in Africa are producing works that assert the need for further and more radical forms of change in society and in the art world. While the largely northern-driven world of contemporary art displays a fetishistic fascination with what it calls “African art,” often this art discourse is disconnected from art production and art reception on the African continent, as the written discourse largely remains the assumed domain of the “north”. As such, a problematic geography of reason is created in which those in the “south” are viewed as creators of raw materials (in this case artworks) that are theorized by scholars in the “north.” Focusing on a politics of knowing, this article argues that in order to achieve significantly deeper decolonial shifts in the field of the visual and performing arts of Africa, scholarly writers on the continent need to play a greater role in challenging epistemic dependencies and shifting the center of gravity of the global academy.

While other scholars have analysed the way that international organizations (IOs) in
higher education policy may contribute to neo-colonial domination, this paper illuminates not only on how IOs’ epistemic activities promulgate one-size fit  all solutions, but centers the  colonial structures of knowledge/power that inform
the  why (or logic) of these IOs’ epistemic activities and their effects. A decolonial analysis of discursive artefacts and tools such as policy reports, performance indicators, and technical assistance, of the OECD and World Bank, suggests that standardized IO policy processes and practices reproduce global inequities. In
collusion with other policy actors, these IOs constitute and perpetuate coloniality in global higher education, through enacting a god-eye point of view, colonialdifference, and the geopolitics of knowledge. This article proposes a set of questions that may open the possibility of ‘delinking’ from modern/colonial world systems and pushes us to decolonize our imaginaries of the landscape of global HE.

This is an edited volume of essays on philosophy as university work and as a 'pirate condition'. Taking inspiration from Gary Hall's pirate philosophy, and from raúl rodríguez freire's critique of the contemporary condition of the intellectual, three Mexican authors reflect on what it means to do philosophy today from the perspective of the material conditions of academic work. In Spanish only, so far.

Drawing from decolonizing scholarships that call for a reorientation of knowledge making that is more inclusive and reflective of oral modes of communication, this article takes the form of a performance autoethnography between two friends. This approach allows a rich complexity of subjects to emerge—from " decolonizing " pedagogies and curriculums to university administration and the geopolitics of knowledge globally—at the same time that we retain a specific attention to our university in Jimma, Ethiopia. Our intention is to challenge conventional academic modes of writing through a contextualization of the contemporary struggles that young professors face while teaching in semi-rural Ethiopian universities. Although our discussions reflect our personal struggles, they are reflective of larger general trends in Ethiopian higher education. Academics working on the African continent often confront intersecting material, ideological, linguistic, financial, and political factors that work to exclude African knowledges from global or transnational knowledge exchanges. Our conversation allows us to reflect on the broad tapestry of the current moment, including interactions with administrative staff, violent histories of knowledge colonization, racial and gendered politics, the potential for social science knowledges for social justice, and more.

RESUMEN

A partir de los referentes históricos y etnográficos en la Amazonía venezolana se abre la reflexión en torno a las esferas de naturalización de la división sujeto/objeto, como el sustrato epistemológico de la verticalidad colonial. Asimismo, se discute la conexión entre los actuales espacios de producción de conocimiento, cómo ámbitos de naturalización del sentido común hegemónico. Se concluye que la alternativa está en los saberes fronterizos, como discursos inter-subjetivos de configuración de perspectivas multivocales desde los bordes del orden global. 

Palabras clave: colonialismo, identidad, espacio, conocimiento, intersubjetividad. 

ABSTRACT

Based on the historical and ethnographical referents in the Venezuelan Amazon, the academic spaces are addressed as spheres of the subject/object division and as the discursive substrate of colonial verticality. Furthermore, the connections between colonial discourses and the contemporary knowledge framework are discussed as fields where the hegemonic common sense is structured. This paper concludes that the alternative is in the border knowledge as inter-subjective discourses which have the potential to create multifocal perspectives from the global order’s fringes. 

Keywords: colonialism, identity, space, knowledge, intersubjectivity.

Facing the question of the universality of philosophy, more specifically, about the universality of symbolic thought, we stop at the question of the diversity of human knowledge, arguing that the superiority of Western knowledge is a caused effect, and not an inherent characteristic of the thought systems. We emphasize in the actual systems of knowledge production, to show that its institutionalization in the academy, makes unequal relationships between different kinds of knowledge. To do this, we attend three main spots that indicate 1) The systems of production and legitimation of knowledge, 2) The cognitive capitalism  as the current form of knowledge production, and 3) the several alternatives presented until today about the different inter- epistemic relations.

Resumen: En este ensayo crítico se presenta una serie de reflexiones basadas en la visibilización de los ejes que
sostienen los supuestos básicos subyacentes de los sistemas coloniales y neocoloniales. Se parte del principio
de que las ideologías dominantes del sistema global se mantienen gracias a la elaboración de discursos ubicuos
impuestos como los sustratos epistemológicos de la así llamada “modernidad”. La reflexión concluye con la
necesidad de otorgar estatus epistemológico a las historias fronterizas como nuevos referentes para la teorización
y para la desnaturalización de los discursos opacos y dominantes en el sistema mundo moderno contemporáneo.
Palabras clave: modernidad, eurocentrismo, fronteras culturales, sistema mundo.
Abstract: This critical essay endeavors to make visible the basic assumptions underlying colonial and neo-colonial
systems. The main principle posits that the global system’s dominant ideologies are maintained by ubiquitous
discourses imposed as epistemological underpinnings of so-called modernity. This reflection concludes that it
is necessary to recognize the epistemological status of indigenous resistance histories as new referents for the
theorization and transformation of dominant and opaque discourses of the Modern World System.
Keywords: modernity, Eurocentrism, cultural frontiers, world system.

The Geopolitics of Open addresses issues of difference, ideology and infrastructure across the stratified geographies of open access publishing. It examines the construction of power and inequality in our scholarly practices and discourses around the open. How can we contextualise open access, as a contingent and politically-laden concept, within particular historical and regional contexts and socio-political struggles? This will involve asking questions about how notions of openness have been implicit in processes of global knowledge appropriation and exploitation in a postcolonial neoliberal context.

The three exploratory papers that make up this pamphlet all pursue this attempt to regionalise and, in the process, politicise how open access infrastructures form and for whom they become beneficial, both financially and socially. They share a commitment to articulating a scaled down geo-politics that asks of publishing infrastructures: where and by what means? And also consider how varied institutional contexts, from multistate formations like the European Union, to urban and regional universities in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, start to shape the varied epistemological and political geographies of situated open access practices.

As ciências sociais têm acompanhado, desde a segunda metade do século XX, a emergência de um corpo de reflexões interessadas em denunciar as desigualdades globais inscritas na produção do conhecimento. As últimas duas décadas serviram de cenário para o crescimento de investidas críticas às estruturas de dominação intelectual no campo, as quais acompanharam o fortalecimento dos discursos que buscam narrativas alternativas ao eurocentrismo do mainstream sociológico. Na esteira dessas contribuições, reflexões que têm trabalhado com o conceito de divisão internacional do trabalho intelectual, ao trazerem a teoria para o centro do debate, produziram importantes subsídios para o estudo da geopolítica do conhecimento sociológico. Em meio ao número diverso de formas de expressões da divisão internacional do trabalho intelectual, foca-se, nesta dissertação, em um estudo a partir de revistas internacionais de teoria social. Para tal, foi realizada uma investigação com foco em quatro revistas de teoria com grande impacto no campo: Theory, Culture and Society; European Journal of Social Theory; Sociological Theory; Theory and Society. Primeiramente a análise contou com o uso de técnicas quantitativas baseadas em estatística descritiva para analisar o perfil nacional e regional dos pesquisadores que publicaram nos periódicos entre os anos de 2000 e 2016, além do perfil nacional e regional dos membros de comitês editoriais. Em um segundo momento foi utilizada uma análise qualitativa do tipo de objeto estudado por pesquisadores do Sul Global em comparação com pesquisadores do Reino Unido. Estas técnicas permitiram ao pesquisador observar que as quatro revistas expressam, sob várias formas, elementos que caracterizam a divisão internacional do trabalho intelectual. Chegou-se a esta conclusão ao se notar: a baixa presença de intelectuais do Sul em número de publicações; o domínio dos comitês editoriais por intelectuais do Norte; a ausência de crescimento da participação do Sul Global durante os últimos 17 anos; e as diferenças entre o tipo de objeto pesquisado por intelectuais do Sul em comparação com pesquisadores do Norte. Argumenta-se, a partir dessas contribuições, que existe uma inserção periférica do Sul Global nos debates de teoria nas revistas analisadas, o que contribui para reprodução da hegemonia do Norte sobre a definição de agendas, conceitos, objetos e metodologias no campo das ciências sociais.

Bien que beaucoup d'études aient été menées concernant les étudiants chinois partis étudier la philosophie à l'étranger au début du XXe siècle (tel Hu Shi aux Etats-Unis), encore trop peu de travaux se sont penchées sur les étudiants qui se sont formés en philosophie en France et notamment à l’Institut Franco-chinois de Lyon. Cet article, aidé des théories de l'orientalisme et du postcolonialisme, se demande si la géopolitique du savoir philosophique, en tant que domination intellectuelle de l'Occident sur le reste du monde, s'est manifestée dans le contexte de l'Institut Franco-chinois de Lyon, et si oui comment. À travers l'analyse des paratextes et des thèses de deux étudiants en philosophie de l'Institut Franco-chinois de Lyon, cette étude soutient que cette institution est un produit des effets de la géopolitique du savoir intellectuel où le traitement des philosophies occidentales et chinoises suit le découpage moderne/colonial du savoir. On y trouve l'illustration du déplacement de la Chine en tant qu'objet de savoir (anthropos) étudiée par les producteurs du savoir (humanitas), découplage instituant la Chine en dehors de la philosophie.

This essay starts by outlining a definition for international criminology. To do so, akin, alternative criminologies are examined to carve a distinct, working concept of international criminology. Following, the global geopolitics of knowledge is analyzed, with specific illustrations of how the dynamics of criminological knowledge concentration, influence and visibility operate. Acknowledging an established intellectual hegemony of the North/center in criminological knowledge production, some of its features are presented in the third part of the article, thus unveiling the challenges international criminologists are faced with. Based on this examination, some rough proposals are introduced in the final section, as a prospect to fashion a truly international criminology. The main argument of this article is that both the discipline and the journal of International Criminology emerge as an alternative to supersede the present geopolitics of knowledge.

Resumen:
Este trabajo presenta una discusión en torno a los remanentes del así llamado pensamiento dogmático en el actual discurso histórico latinoamericano. Se parte del principio de que la mirada histórica requiere de una producción teórica dirigida hacia la crítica cultural. El referente empírico de esta reflexión deriva de la preocupación por el resurgimiento de los proyectos nacionalistas y xenófobos en el continente americano así como de las continuidades de los modelos coloniales, racistas y patriarcales en el pensamiento histórico contemporáneo. Esta indagación teórica se sustenta sobre cinco ejes de argumentación. Primero, se retoma la discusión alrededor de la producción teórica en el ámbito histórico y como ésta aborda el problema de la desnaturalización del presente y la idea del pasado como representación culturalmente construida. Segundo, se argumenta la relación entre representación histórica, mitología y sentido común intra-cultural. Tercero, se problematizan las limitaciones metodológicas de la ausencia de producción de una crítica cultural en el conocimiento histórico. Cuarto, se aborda el debate en torno a las relaciones entre historia y colonialismo. Quinto, se abre la discusión sobre los problemas y riesgos de la crítica al universalismo. Finalmente, se concluye que urge retomar las discusiones en torno a la relación entre producción teórica, crítica cultural y conocimiento histórico de cara a las nuevas formas de nacionalismo y xenofobia característicos del mundo contemporáneo.
Palabras clave: dogmatismo, tiempo, patriarcado, teoría histórica.

Abstrac:
This paper presents a discussion about the remaining of the so called dogmatic though, in the current Latin American historical discourse. The necessity of a theoretical production towards the cultural critics, in the historical discourse, is a point of departure of this discussion. The empirical referent of this reflection derives from the concern for the resurgence of the nationalist and xenophobic projects in the American continent as well as the continuities of the colonial, racist and patriarchal models in the contemporary historical though. This theoretical inquiry is sustained over five axis of argumentation. First, the discussion around the theoretical production in the historical field of knowledge is reassumed as well as how this discussion approach the problem about the des-naturalization of the present and the sense of the past as a representation culturally constructed. Second, the relations between historical representation, mythology and intra-cultural common sense are argued. Third, the methodological limitations derived from the lack of cultural criticism in the historical knowledge are discussed. Fourth, the discussion around the relations between History and colonialism are approached. Fifth, the discussion around the problems and risks of critics against universalism is opened. Finally, this paper concludes that, in the face of the new ways of nationalism and xenophobia characteristic of the contemporary world, it is an urgency to retake the discussions around the relations between theoretical production, cultural criticism and historical knowledge. 
Key words: dogmatism, time, patriarchy, historical theory.

This piece is a 'conference report' about ISA 2018 (International Studies Association 59th Annual Convention, San Francisco). The review focuses on two panels on international ethics and decolonial critique organised by Louiza Odysseos and Myriam Fotou: 'Eurocentrism, Racism, and the De-Colonization of Ethical Enquiry'.
I start the piece with a quick presentation of the International Studies Association in the broader context of International Relations as a discipline (IR) — therefore, the piece is accessible to non-IR specialists.

How can I dialogue if I always project ignorance onto others and never perceive my own? How can I dialogue if I regard myself as a case apart from others—mere “its” in whom I cannot recognize other “I”s? How can I dialogue if I consider myself a member of the in-group of pure men, the owners of truth and knowledge, for whom all non-members are “these people” or “the great unwashed”? How can I dialogue if I start from the premise that naming the world is the task of an elite ...? How can I dialogue if I am closed to—and even o ended by—the contribution of others? How can I dialogue if I am afraid of being displaced, the mere possibility causing me torment and weakness? ... At the point of encounter there are neither utter ignoramuses nor perfect sages; there are only people who are attempting, together, to learn more than they now know (Freire 2005:90). DIALOGUE AND ORIENTATION

Resumo: A sociologia brasileira tem sido influenciada, cada vez mais, por demandas de internacionalização e questionada acerca da condição periférica ocupada por essa tradição no meio internacional. Indicadores diversos são utilizados para destacar a marginalidade do país nos debates globais, como a baixa quantidade de publicações internacionais, dificuldade dos autores em serem citados em artigos ou livros estrangeiros, falta de interesse em tensionar pressupostos teóricos de intelectuais do centro, e a tendência a reproduzir reflexões teóricas de acadêmicos consagrados no Norte Global. Contudo, cabe mencionar que o país sempre conviveu com uma intensa comunicação com os ambientes acadêmicos de outros países. Um exemplo é a realização de doutorados no exterior, que caracteriza boa parte da formação intelectual dos sociólogos brasileiros. Neste paper, analisam-se condicionantes da realização de doutorados no exterior, por sociólogos, entre 1960 e 1980.

Los ensayos reunidos en este volumen son resultado del proyecto de investigación Filosofía de la práctica editorial: acceso abierto y diversidad en perspectivas críticas (2019-2021), financiado por la Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México.

Este escrito objectiva compartilhar reflexões sobre como a matriz colonial de poder alicerça a constituição da política científica no Brasil considerando, para tanto, a potência das lentes feministas contra-coloniais para marcar e fundamentar a análise sobre como as opressões de raça, gênero e exploração de classe podem ser institucionalizadas e se fazerem presentes nas disputas que alicerçam o conjunto dos conhecimentos científicos produzidos. Tais reflexões são resultantes de um caminhar que pode ser pensado em termos de duas vias investigativas. A primeira, considerando a política de ensino superior como parte do campo científico-político, diz respeito às pesquisas previamente realizadas com mulheres cientistas actuantes em universidades situadas na periferia científica brasileira. A segunda, procurando pensar sobre aspectos a serem considerados na história de institucionalização da política científica, diz respeito à pesquisa documental que toma como fontes legislações, súmulas estatísticas e diversos documentos. Nesta última, destacam-se as análises provenientes de documentos do banco de dados da principal agência de fomento à pesquisa que compõe o sistema decisório da política de ciência, tecnologia e inovação nacional: o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq. Por estes caminhos investigativos e partindo da crítica feminista contra-colonial, revelam-se os múltiplos sistemas de dominação que configuram a natureza interseccional das opressões que também compõem a política científica no país.

Reading from a postcolonial perspective the historical experience of a French educational establishment for Chinese youth in the nineteen twenties (the so-called Institut franco-chinois de Lyon), this paper highlights the coincidence between the inscription of China in global modernity and the spread of Chinese national imaginary. It tries to question the discursive connection between the Western colonial project of “civilizing mission” applied here to the scientific education of new Chinese elite and, in this context, the shaping of a peculiar Chinese national subject. This article understands this institution as an utopian synecdoche of China being simultaneously dressed in the clothes of Chineseness and (Western) modernity. In this training school where students endeavored to become intellectuals and scientists fashioned by the methods, the values and the epistemologies of the French academic realm, in this place where students become familiar with ‘modern’ leisure and sports like football, tennis, cinema, snooker and so on, between those walls where students have to learn how to behave as ‘civilized/westernized’ modern (wo)men, China as a cultural, ethnic and national identity referent is paradoxically constantly mentioned in the discourse of both the students and the initiators of this educational institution. The experience of this institute appears to be a relevant case study to shed light on the intimate relationship between the feeling of nationality and the desire to become modern.

This article presents a critical analysis of Michael Burawoy's model of public sociology, discussing several of its epistemic and methodological limitations. First, the author focuses on the ambiguity of Burawoy's proposal, problematizing the absence of a clear delimitation of the concept of 'public sociology'. Second, the author links the academic success of the category of public sociology to the global division of sociological labour, emphasizing the 'geopolitics of knowledge' involved in Burawoy's work and calling for the decolonization of social science. Then, the author expounds his concerns regarding the hierarchy of the different types of sociology proposed by Burawoy, who privileges professional sociology over other types of sociological praxis. Reflecting upon these elements will provide a good opportunity to observe how our discipline works, advancing also suggestions for its transformation. Along these lines, in the last section of the article the author elaborates on the need to go beyond a dissemination model of public sociology-the unidirectional diffusion of 'expert knowledge' to extra-academic audiences-and towards a more collaborative understanding of knowledge production.

В предисловии к тематическому выпуску «Социологического обозрения»  «Глобальный восток: политики именования и продуцирования знания» речь идет о попытках институционализации и популяризации центрального понятия — «Глобальный Восток». Обсуждается «трансфер» результатов географической и  эпистемологической рефлексии между различными профессиональными и интеллектуальными сообществами и сетями, образованными специалистами и «сочувствующими». Подчеркивается роль «очных», «лицом-к-лицу» обсуждений в привлечении и удержании интереса коллег к концептуальному движению, польза которого очевидна не для всех. Заявляется, что дебаты вокруг нового понятия и его способности генерировать изменения в организации знания в и о постсоциалистическом регионе мира значимы для усиления сотрудничества и активизации междисциплинарных международных исследований и их обнародования. Утверждается, что профессиональные сети и способы, которыми знание в них и между ними распространяется, зависят от неформальных социальных связей: именно они становятся точками кристаллизации научной коллаборации либо обмена идеями между разными группами специалистов.
Ключевые слова: Глобальный Восток, институционализация, популяризация понятия,
профессиональные сети, географическая и эпистемологическая рефлексии

The foreword to the thematic issue of the Russian Sociological Review “The Global East: politics of naming and knowledge production” deals with the attempts to institutionalize and promote the central concept of the Global East. It discusses the “transfer” of the results of the geographical and epistemological reflection between different professional and intellectual communities and networks formed by specialists and “sympathizers”. The role of “face-to-face” discussions in attracting and retaining the interest of colleagues in the conceptual movement, the benefits of which are not obvious to all, is emphasized. It is stated that the debate about the new concept and its ability to generate changes in the organization of knowledge in and about the post-socialist region of the world is important for strengthening cooperation and activating interdisciplinary international research and its publication. It is argued that professional networks and the ways in which knowledge is disseminated within and between them depends on informal social connections. These connections become points of the crystallization of scientific collaboration or the exchange between different groups of specialists.
Keywords: Global East, institutionalization, popularization of a concept, professional networks,
geographical and epistemological reflection

Статья представляет собой развернутый отклик на текст Мартина Мюллера «Разыскивая Глобальный Восток», написанный на основе опыта ученого, специализирующегося на постсоциалистических реалиях и включенного в глобальную циркуляцию циально-гуманитарного знания. В ней идет речь о возможности рефлексии по поводу места постсоциалистической части мира в мире в целом с точки зрения общности, образованной теми, кто в постсоциалистическом пространстве живет, и теми, кто исследует его различные стороны. Обсуждается генеалогия дискуссий о Глобальном Юге и Глобальном Севере, принципиальных для таких дисциплин, как география (политическая, экономическая, гуманитарная), и городские исследования, а также формирование в политической истории второй половины ХХ века и в интеллектуальной истории этого периода концептуальной связи «развитие = Глобальный Юг». Утверждается, что Глобальный Юг активно обсуждается в дебатах географов, урбанистов и историков, а также в транснациональных, больших повествованиях о том, что происходит в мире и с миром. В то же время постсоциалистический мир (Мюллер предлагает для него название «Глобальный Восток») в этих повествованиях занимает незначительное место. «Развитие» (как бы по-разному и противоречиво оно ни понималось) применительно к той части «глобального», что образовано Восточной Европой, Россией и Центральной Азией, понимается как задача национальных правительств, решать которую нужно, следуя опробованному Западом опыту. В статье объясняются причины недостаточного понимания того, что значит этот регион сегодня, а также сложностей создания и популяризации о нем интеллектуальной продукции, в частности продолжающаяся постколониальная децентрация Запада как привилегированного места производства знания. Вывод статьи заключается в том, что исследований, в которых сталкивались бы разные, в том числе и «глобально-восточные», представления о глобальном, нужно гораздо больше.
Ключевые слова: Глобальный Восток, Глобальный Север, Глобальный Юг, глобус, «полушарная ошибка», транснациональные большие нарративы, внутренняя дифференцированность Глобального Востока

The article is a detailed response to the text by Martin Müller “In Search for the Global East”, written on the basis of the experience of a scientist specializing in post-socialist realities, and included in the global circulation of social and humanitarian knowledge. It deals with the possibility of reflection of the place of the post-socialist part of the world in the world as a whole, from the point of view of a community formed by those who live in the post-socialist space and those who explore different aspects of post-socialist life. The genealogy of discussions about the Global South and the Global North, which are fundamental for such disciplines as geography (political, economic, and human) and urban studies, as well as the formation of the conceptual link of “development = the global South” in the political history of the second half of the twentieth century and in the intellectual history of this period is discussed. It is argued that the Global South is actively discussed in the global debates of geographers, urbanists, and historians. It also occupies a prominent place in transnational, big stories about what is happening in the world, and with the world. At the same time, the post-socialist world (Müller proposes the name “Global East” for it) occupies an insignificant place in these narratives. “Development” (no matter how different and controversial it may be) in relation to that part of the “global” which is comprised from Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia, is understood as a task of national governments, and which must be solved by following Western recipes. The article explains the reasons for the lack of understanding of what this region means today, as well as the difficulties of conducting and popularizing research about it, in particular, the ongoing post-colonial decentralization of the West as a privileged place of knowledge production. The conclusion of the article is that much more research is needed in which different perceptions of the global are compared, including the ones generated in/by the “Global East”.

Keywords: Global East, Global North, Global South, globe, “hemispheric fallacy”, transnational big
narratives, internal differentiation of the Global East

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise das respostas teóricas propostas a partir tanto do Norte quanto do Sul Global à questão da desigualdade internacional colocada em evidência a partir da emergência do 'Terceiro Mundo' na política internacional. A partir de uma metodologia essencialmente qualitativa, consistindo em revisão bibliográfica de autores do Norte e do Sul Global em Relações Internacionais e áreas correlatas, constatamos que as perspectivas desenvolvidas em cada um desses lugares epistêmicos apontam em direções opostas: as formuladas no Sul ressaltam a relação intrínseca entre a desigualdade e o funcionamento histórico/estrutural da economia internacional, enquanto que as formuladas no Norte propõem uma assimilação dos países terceiro-mundistas aos modelos de desenvolvimento próprio dos países industrializados ocidentais. Concluímos, assim, que o lugar geográfico-epistêmico do sujeito teorizador influencia diretamente no resultado de suas análises e prescrições teóricas e políticas.

In this paper a key dialectical link between space, body, and
ethnography is proposed, mainly within the context of Latin American
anthropology. I emphasize the Argentine case through the analysis of my
own field experience among the Qom or Toba people of the Chaco region.
The idea suggested here is that the constitution of anthropological “places” is
related with a political economy of academia which is influenced in turn by
the geopolitical location of each anthropological tradition. The interplay
between space, body, and ethnography shapes not only the conceptual bodies
of anthropology but also the ethnographers’ own regime of materiality. The
latter displace and open themselves to the world according to the contingencies
of both their academic and field backgrounds.

O trabalho tem como objetivo, por meio da análise dos discursos alternativos de autonomização e de indigenização das ciências sociais, lançar luz sobre a problemática da generalização dentro da disciplina antropológica, dentro do contexto de globalização e virada pós-moderna

As ciências sociais têm acompanhado, desde a segunda metade do século XX, a emergência de um corpo de reflexões interessadas em denunciar as desigualdades globais inscritas na produção do conhecimento. As últimas duas décadas serviram de cenário para o crescimento de investidas críticas às estruturas de dominação intelectual no campo, as quais acompanharam o fortalecimento dos discursos que buscam narrativas alternativas ao eurocentrismo do mainstream sociológico. Na esteira dessas contribuições, reflexões que têm trabalhado com o conceito de divisão internacional do trabalho intelectual, ao trazerem a teoria para o centro do debate, produziram importantes subsídios para o estudo da geopolítica do conhecimento sociológico. Em meio ao número diverso de formas de expressões da divisão internacional do trabalho intelectual, foca-se, nesta dissertação, em um estudo a partir de revistas internacionais de teoria social. Para tal, foi realizada uma investigação com foco em quatro revistas de teoria com grande impacto no campo: Theory, Culture and Society; European Journal of Social Theory; Sociological Theory; Theory and Society. Primeiramente a análise contou com o uso de técnicas quantitativas baseadas em estatística descritiva para analisar o perfil nacional e regional dos pesquisadores que publicaram nos periódicos entre os anos de 2000 e 2016, além do perfil nacional e regional dos membros de comitês editoriais. Em um segundo momento foi utilizada uma análise qualitativa do tipo de objeto estudado por pesquisadores do Sul Global em comparação com pesquisadores do Reino Unido. Estas técnicas permitiram ao pesquisador observar que as quatro revistas expressam, sob várias formas, elementos que caracterizam a divisão internacional do trabalho intelectual. Chegou-se a esta conclusão ao se notar: a baixa presença de intelectuais do Sul em número de publicações; o domínio dos comitês editoriais por intelectuais do Norte; a ausência de crescimento da participação do Sul Global durante os últimos 17 anos; e as diferenças entre o tipo de objeto pesquisado por intelectuais do Sul em comparação com pesquisadores do Norte. Argumenta-se, a partir dessas contribuições, que existe uma inserção periférica do Sul Global nos debates de teoria nas revistas analisadas, o que contribui para reprodução da hegemonia do Norte sobre a definição de agendas, conceitos, objetos e metodologias no campo das ciências sociais.

Este artigo estuda as expressões da divisão global do trabalho intelectual em revistas internacionais de teoria social. Foram analisados os periódicos: Theory, Culture and Society; European Journal of Social Theory; Sociological Theory e Theory and Society. Apresenta-se o perfil nacional de autores que publicaram entre os anos de 2000 e 2016 e dos membros de comitês editoriais, além de comparação temática entre artigos de autores do Sul x Norte-Global. Observou-se a baixa presença de intelectuais do Sul em número de publicações; o domínio dos comitês editoriais por intelectuais do Norte; a ausência de crescimento da participação do Sul Global nos anos analisados; e diferenças entre o tipo de objeto pesquisado por intelectuais do Sul x Norte-Global. Argumenta-se que existe uma inserção qualitativa e quantitativamente periférica de intelectuais do Sul Global nos debates de teoria nas revistas analisadas.

Dynamics of economic and spatial rationalization are widely acknowledged characteristics of industrial-capitalist society, but the way in which these dynamics might shape the incorporation of so-called natural spaces into regimes of regulation and valuation is still being conceptualized in political ecology. Extending on the work of theorists who have documented and theorized the extension of neoliberal governance regimes over nature, this article argues that even the knowledge of nature produced in industrial-capitalist society is circumscribed by the biases inherent in its socio-cultural heritage. The argument, which can be described as a political epistemology of nature, is advanced by reference to medical science and industrial pharmacy, which has sought to understand and apprehend the value of nature via pharmaceutical bioprospecting research on medicinal plants. An analysis of one such project, pursued in the indigenous Aguaruna territory of the Peruvian Amazon, illustrates that the same processes of economic and spatial rationalization characteristic of industrial-capitalist society can be seen to recur in its production of knowledge about nature. Pharmaceutical bioprospecting evidences the extension of the rationalization of society and space to the molecular and genetic level, such that medicine becomes the microcosm to the macrocosm of industrial-capitalist society. The article goes on to compare the pharmaceutical industry's epistemology of nature with non-profit research on indigenous people's medicinal plants, and finally with the epistemology of nature evidenced in ancestral health-seeking practices of the Shuar, an indigenous Amazonian group bordering the Aguaruna. Drawing on the author's fieldwork, a comparative analysis of these distinct epistemologies of nature is developed that illustrates a spectrum of constraints upon the agency of nature, each of which to

There is a considerable body of critical work on, in, and from Africa and with African perspectives. However, too often intersecting material, ideological, linguistic, financial, and political circumstances exclude African knowledges from global or transnational knowledge exchanges. A global academic publication gap and the unequal "right to research" (Appadurai 2006) that establishes the hegemony of Anglophone scholars based in the North-(and with it, the assumption of expertise for policy-making and socio-economic projections)-is a persistent continuation of post/coloniality.

In the last decades social sciences have accompanied the proliferation of intellectual contributions interested in discussing the asymmetries in global production and circulation of knowledge. This paper dialogues with the literature that works with the geopolitics of knowledge, looking to the Brazilian social sciences. A quantitative and qualitative analysis was made based on the content of 493 articles published in 22 major Brazilian social science journals, from 2010 to 2018, focusing on social theory related articles. The main objective of this paper is to understand to what extent the debate on social theory in Brazilian journals expresses global power relations in our field of knowledge. Primarily, quantitative data analysis on the national intellectual profiles shows that most contributions from foreigners in Brazilian magazines are made by intellectuals from Global North. Secondly, qualitative analysis of the content of titles, abstracts, and keywords, followed by statistical correlation tests, shows that publications of North researchers were more likely to have an innovative and purposeful character compared to articles by Global-South authors. This work argues that the low presence of publications by Global-South authors in the journals may serve as an expression of the intellectual extroversion of Brazilian social sciences, which focuses on the debates that come from social experiences typical of Euro-America countries. In view of the results found, this paper points out that the debate held in Brazilian journals in the area of Social Theory expresses the international division of intellectual work that places the Northern countries as a place of enunciation with greater power of influence and innovation of the theoretical principles that direct the work of the social sciences.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que indagó por las relaciones geopolíticas de la psicología. Se examinaron 108 tesis de pregrado y postgrado, realizadas en el área de riesgos psicosociales en 7 de las principales universidades de Bogotá, Colombia, entre 1991 y 2014. Se analizaron los siguientes aspectos: los años de presentación de las tesis, la institución académica que las acogió, el programa específico al que estaban vinculadas, el título asignado a la investigación y el diseño utilizado. También se establecieron las referencias consultadas, el idioma en el cual estas se habían publicado y el tipo de autoría que estas presentaban: nacional, internacional, investigadores particulares e instituciones reguladoras del trabajo. Los resultados señalan los canales a través de los cuales circula el conocimiento psicológico sobre los riesgos psicosociales, el desvanecimiento de las fronteras disciplinares de la psicología, así como la emulación que ocurre en la construcción local de la psicología y su consecuente subordinación a las redes internacionales del conocimiento. Palabras clave: riesgos psicosociales, geopolítica, tesis, psicologización This article presents the results of a study on the geopolitical relationships of psychology. One hundred and eight undergraduate and graduate theses on the topic of psychosocial risks were examined. They were produced by students of 7 of the main universities of Bogotá, Colombia, between 1991 and 2014. The following aspects were analyzed: the years when the theses were submitted, the academic institution where they were produced, the specific program to which they belonged, the title assigned to each research project, and the design used. In addition, the present study also identified the references consulted, the language in which they had been published, and their type of authorship: national, international, independent researchers, and labor regulation agencies. Results reveal the channels through which psychological knowledge about psychosocial risks circulates, the fading of disciplinary boundaries of psychology, and the emulation that takes place in the local construction of psychology, as well as its consequent subordination to international knowledge networks. Desde hace ya varias décadas se ha venido señalando en la literatura la urgente necesidad de estudiar aspectos sociales, culturales y económicos que están involucrados en la expansión del conocimiento psicológico alrededor del mundo (Brock, 2006; Castaño & Sánchez, 1978; Herman, 1995). Aun así, muy pocos investigadores se han concentrado en estudiar la geopolítica del conocimiento psicológico, entendida esta en términos de las relaciones asimétricas de poder que se derivan del hecho de que la mayoría de los objetos psicológicos se producen en los países del Atlántico norte, Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Alemania y Francia (Brock, 2006; Danziger, 1997; Molinari, 2004), como de la situación, fácilmente constatable, de que desde esos lugares dichos objetos migran para ser adaptados, replicados e hibridados para su uso local en diferentes ámbitos institucionales alrededor del mundo (Blowers & Turtle, 1987; Moghaddam, 1987; Pulido-Martínez & Carvajal-Marín, 2016). En otras palabras, la geopolítica de la psicología se ha dejado de lado en la investigación, especialmente en los países de la llamada "periferia", en donde este conocimiento y sus prácticas derivadas se consumen como productos importados (Staeuble, 2006). Hernán Camilo Pulido-Martínez y Ana María Urbina-Barón, Facultad de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. La correspondencia relativa a este artículo debe ser dirigida a Hernán Camilo Pulido-Martínez,

Cada vez mais, as ciências sociais têm presenciado o fortalecimento de reflexões intelectuais interessadas em compreender as hierarquias de status entre conhecimentos produzidos no Sul global em relação àqueles do Norte. Em diálogo com essas contribuições, estruturou-se este artigo, que trata a relação entre a publicação em revistas de alto impacto em teoria e a geopolítica da produção/distribuição do conhecimento nas ciências sociais. Analisaram-se os resumos e palavras chaves referentes aos artigos publicados por autores da América Latina e Sul Global, apreendendo relações entre padrões temáticos e país de publicação. O intervalo escolhido para a coleta
circunscreveu-se entre os anos 2000 e 2016. Foram escolhidos os quatro periódicos com os maiores índices de impacto internacional, na área de teoria: Theory and Society; European Journal of Social Theory; Theory Culture and Society; e Sociological Theory. Os resultados mostram consideráveis diferenças nos tipos de objetos estudados por pesquisadores do Sul Global em comparação com pesquisadores do Norte. Quando os pesquisadores da américa latina e Sul Global, publicam em tais revistas não costumam discutir teoria de forma “abstrata” ou “generalista” como aqueles situados no Norte, mas se detêm em tratar temas locais e empíricos. Defende-se que este cenário expressa e reproduz a divisão internacional do trabalho intelectual, relegando uma condição subalterna à produção latino-americana no debate teórico internacional.

This year’s Summer School brought Southern scholars, activists, practitioners, and farmers to Harare, Zimbabwe to learn from each other’s work and experiences to advance social justice projects for the rural global South. Our conversations emphasized both the scale of capitalist destruction in the countryside as well as the powerful people-led movements against this destruction. We must work to preserve and empower such spaces for South-South resistance, struggle, and co-creations of knowledge.

Recent criticism of the ‘epistemic murk’ obscuring the social worlds of oil and gas (Appel et al. 2015) emphasizes the continued need to focus on the infrastructures, structures, networks, and border making constitutive of resource extraction. More than this, the ‘epistemic murk’ of the global oil and gas industry is deeply political and is situated within a global coloniality of knowledge: such ‘murk’ is often intentionally generated and it is an important component of the dismissal of people’s everyday confrontations with violence(s) of extraction as unsubstantiated, un-measured (often un-measurable) and un-verified by ‘experts.’ Oil corporations and the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) that often finance oil development projects actively contribute to the corporate manufacturing of uncertainties regarding the social, ecological, and political costs associated with extraction. At the same time, cleverly crafted knowledge management and marketing ventures cast oil companies as eco-friendly corporations that operate on behalf of women, Indigenous, and ‘local’ people.

Working from a decolonial orientation, I explore the ways in which the Chad-Cameroon oil consortium (comprised of ExxonMobil, Petronas and, until recently, Chevron) and a major financer, engineer, and proponent of the pipeline, the World Bank, embarked upon highly publicized and celebrated projects to support ‘local’ education though the building of schools as a mechanism of community compensation.

This paper reviews the current state of anthropological
theory and practice in Argentina, and what are Argentine anthropology’s
relationships to current issues of contemporary social thought.  In this regard, the
three topics that guide my itinerary in this essay—displacement, space, and
subject—provide a theoretical bridge connecting the issues addressed in
the different sections. These topics are part of the heritage of the dynamic
early Latin American critical social sciences that emerged during the sixties;
they are also connected to the impact that developments in postructuralism,
postcolonial critique, and postmodernism had on the intellectual task
of our generation.