Fossil Brachiopods

NEOGENE AND PLEISTOCENE BRACHIOPODS OF EMILIA (NORTHERN ITALY).
This second part of the study on the brachiopods from Emilia deals with the less common species known from this region.
The first record of the genus Discinisca Dall, 1871 from the Mediterranean area is based on Pliocene specimens from the upper bathyal clays of Quattro Castella (Reggio Emilia).
A few specimens attributable to the genus Sphenarina Cooper, 1959 are described from the Middle Miocene (Langhian) of San Michele (Modena).
The morphological description of Gryphus rovasendianus (Seguenza, 1866) has been improved, based on Miocene (Langhian) specimens. Fossil material from the Serravallian of Varzi (Lombardy) and a few specimens attributed to the same species by Seguenza (1866) and Sacco (1902), were utilised for comparison.
The study of 14 specimens of Joania ? dertomutinensis (Sacco, 1902), recently collected by the authors from the type-locality of Montegibbio (Modena), enables to confirm the validity of this species. The morphological description of this taxon has been completed, since the characters of the dorsal valve were unknown.

I. Ansammeln VFMG Bonn Eifeler Kalkmulden 2006
1. 23.5.2006 Bad Münstereifel Eschweiler …...……1   
2. Scheid Berg, Sötenich ……………………………1
3. Steinbruch Winter und Weiss, Mülldeponie ….. 2
4. 26.3.2006 großer Sötenicher Stbr ……………… 2

II. Maiwanderung DVG Brohltal 2006
5. 1.5.2006 Fachklinik Bad Tönnisstein ………….. 2

III. Maiwanderung DVG Weibern 2007
6. 1.5.2007 DVG Maiwanderung Weibern ………. 3

IV. Ansammeln VFMG Bonn Kollig/Eifel 2008
7. 29. – 30.3.2008 Kollig Eifel ………..………….… 4

            V. Ansammeln VFMG Bonn Wettersdorfer Richtschnitt 2009
8. 7.3. 2009 Wetteldorfer Richtschnitt …………… 4

VI. Ansammeln VFMG Bonn Gerolstein 2013
9. 15. – 17.3.2013 Gerolstein ……………………… 5

VIII. Ansammeln VFMG Bonn Kottenheim 2012 ……….. 5
10. 4.2.2012 Kottenheimer Büden/Kottenheimer Wald

IX. Ansammeln VFMG Bonn Eifel 2015 ………………….. 6
21.3.2015 Ingendorf/Bettigen, Ferschweiler/Enzen,
Liesberg, Kiesgrube Dodenburg
22.3.2015 Stbr Sterres bei Klausen, Deudesfeld

X. Ansammeln VFMG Bonn Eifel 2016 ………………….. 7
2.4.2016 Grube Bendisberg, Grube Silbersand,
Lavagrube Rothenberg
3.4.2016 In den Dellen

XI. Exkursion Fränkische Alb Geologen Bayer 2019 ……. 7

The inarticulate brachiopod Discinisca is a rare faunal element in the Upper Cretaceous of the U.S. Western Interior. We report two occurrences of encrustation of Discinisca on a scaphitid ammonite (scaphite) and several inoceramids from the lower Maastrichtian Baculites baculus/Endocostea typica Biozones of the Pierre Shale at two localities. Six specimens of Discinisca are present on a single specimen of Hoploscaphites crassus from eastcentral Montana. They occur along the furrow at the mature apertural margin. Because the brachiopods are restricted to the margin and do not occur on the rest of the shell, it is likely that they encrusted the ammonite during its lifetime. If so, this implies that the soft body of the scaphite did not cover the outside surface of the aperture, leaving this area vulnerable to epizoan attachment. A total of 13 specimens of Discinisca are also present on four specimens of Cataceramus? barabini from east-central Wyoming. The brachiopods occur in crevices on the outside of the shells and may have encrusted the inoceramids after their death as the shells began to break down and delaminate, resulting from the decomposition of the organic matrix holding them together. Based on the faunal assemblages at both localities, the presence of Discinisca may indicate environments with either low oxygen levels and/or few predators or competitors.

Brachidio Foramen Lofoforo I brachiopodi sono organismi che si rinvengono molto spesso fossili nelle rocce delle nostre montagne e che vivono tuttora nei nostri mari. Essi prendono il nome da una particolare struttura del corpo molle costituito da un organo (lofoforo) poggiato su di una struttura ossea detta brachidio.

Brachiopods (Productida [except Chonetidina], Orthida, Athyridida, Spiriferida [Adolfiidae, Reticulariidae, Ambocoeliidae, Thomasariidae], and Spiriferinida) recovered in the interval, in terms of the standard conodont zonation, between the Palmatolepis hassi and P. triangularis zones (Late Middle Frasnian to Early Famennian) in the Namur-Dinant Basin (Belgium) are described. The orders and suborders investigated include 32 species: 21 are described in open nomenclature, seven are previously known, four are new of which three are assigned to previously known genera: Aulacella aggeris n. sp., Dicamara plutonis n. sp., and Warrenella (Warrenella) aquaealbae n. sp. Th e fourth species belonging to a newly defined genus: Neptunathyris buxi n. gen., n. sp. A major brachiopod faunal change occurs at the top of the P. rhenana Zone in southern Belgium, with the disappearance of most existing species in parallel with the deterioration of the oxygenation conditions preceding the Upper Kelwasser Event. Only an impoverished fauna (Lingulida, Chonetidina, Rhynchonellida) has been collected in the P. linguiformis Zone. The recovery of the Famennian brachiopods after the end-Frasnian biotic crisis was rapid in the basal Famennian but, despite their great abundance, their diversity was relatively low. New cosmopolitan genera appeared at this time especially among the rhynchonellids, athyridids and spiriferids with new species of pre-existing orthid and orthotetid genera.

The literature references of MayLib from the year 2000 to the year 2015 presented as a CSV file. This CSV file can be read by EXCEL, for example.

For more details see following publication, which can be read and downloaded below:

MAY A. (2015).- MayLib - a textfile-based bibliographic database for geosciences and a list of references on Devonian matters.- Carnets Géol., Madrid, vol. 15, nº 6, p. 59-62. Abstract: Scientists need to manage their own collections of bibliographic data as well as exchange these data easily with colleagues. One solution for this need is MayLib, a bibliographic database that runs on many different operating systems and does not require pre-installation of any software. MayLib is a very small, efficient and comprehensive JAVA program that handles references to publications in any Unicode-compatible language. It is user-friendly and not only contains the basic functions of a bibliographic database, but also has some advanced features. Using MayLib the author has been able to create a list of references, which contains 500 periodicals and 4206 literature references. Of these 4206 references 3191 deal with Devonian matters and 1594 references deal with corals. Key Words: Java, bibliographic database, Devonian, corals, fossils.

The literature references of MayLib from the year 1816 to the year 2000 presented as a CSV file. This CSV file can be read by EXCEL, for example.

For more details see following publication, which can be read and downloaded below:

MAY A. (2015).- MayLib - a textfile-based bibliographic database for geosciences and a list of references on Devonian matters.- Carnets Géol., Madrid, vol. 15, nº 6, p. 59-62. Abstract: Scientists need to manage their own collections of bibliographic data as well as exchange these data easily with colleagues. One solution for this need is MayLib, a bibliographic database that runs on many different operating systems and does not require pre-installation of any software. MayLib is a very small, efficient and comprehensive JAVA program that handles references to publications in any Unicode-compatible language. It is user-friendly and not only contains the basic functions of a bibliographic database, but also has some advanced features. Using MayLib the author has been able to create a list of references, which contains 500 periodicals and 4206 literature references. Of these 4206 references 3191 deal with Devonian matters and 1594 references deal with corals.

Key Words: Java, bibliographic database, Devonian, corals, fossils.

Brzoskwinie i ramienionogi, czyli na tropie obcych gatunków flory i fauny w kulturze wielbarskiej. Przykład Weklic KALINA SKÓRA (Łódź) MAGDALENA NATUNIEWICZ-SEKUŁA (Warszawa) MARIA ALEKSANDRA BITNER (Warszawa) Ważnym aspektem obrzędowości pogrzebowej kultury wielbarskiej, który jednak tylko sporadycznie-ze względu na rzadkie przypadki ujawniania makroszczątków-podlega interpretacji, jest obecność w niej przedstawicieli świata roślin i zwierząt. Wykorzystanie udomowionych czy dzikich, rodzimych czy obcych gatunków jest świadectwem nie tylko poziomu gospodarczo-ekonomicznego społeczności, ale mówi także o kontaktach ponadregionalnych. Może być ono również rozpatrywane jako sposób wyrażania statusu w społeczności barbarzyńskiej. Udowodnione jest, że w użyciu były nie tylko własne rodzime symbole prestiżu, ale poprzez bliskie kontakty z Rzymem system ten adaptował "środki zewnętrzne" (np. Bursche 1998; Skóra 2015). Tę listę, zbudowaną przede wszystkim z wytworów kultury materialnej-konstruowaną na podstawie źródeł pisanych, ikonograficznych i odkryć archeologicznych-można uzupełnić o przedstawicieli świata zwierząt czy roślin. Sprowadzanie i konsumowanie przez elity produktów niedostępnych ogółowi społeczności miało znaczenie prestiżowe 1. Incydentalna obecność wokół bałtyckiej strefy Barbaricum wywodzących się z południa gatunków świata przyrody jest nie tylko wynikiem ich rozkładu w glebie w ciągu setek lat, ale oznacza także, że ich wykorzystanie spożywcze było wówczas jeszcze ograniczone. Zanim się upowszechniły, trafiały raczej tylko do grobów jako przejaw luksusu, świadcząc o pozycji właściciela w świecie społecznym. Od brzoskwini do ramienionoga Katalogując pozostałości gatunków roślin stanowiących w kulturze wielbarskiej-ale i innych strefach niedostępnej, lesistej, bagnistej i chłodnej Germanii w pierwszych stuleciach po Chrystusie 2-importy z południowej Europy, jedna z autorek (K.S.) odkryła w częściowej monografii nekropolii w Weklicach obecność pestki brzoskwini Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. Znaleziono ją w grobie 161 (ryc. 1: 5) i zinterpretowano jako prawdopodobnie stanowiącą jądro wisiora opasanego (Natuniewicz-Sekuła, Okulicz-Kozaryn 2011, 58, tabl. LXVI/Grave 161: 5). Lektura prac poświęconych uprawie brzoskwini przez Rzymian 3 i jej introdukcji w mniej sprzyjających klimatycznie uprawie strefach Europy skłoniła do wniosku, że pestka z Weklic jest najdalej na 1 Takie znaczenie mogły mieć orzechy włoskie w wypadku kultury wielbarskiej (Skóra, w druku). 2 Chociaż to bardziej konstrukt Tacyta niż rzeczywistość-por. Ebel-Zepezauer 2009, 77. 3 Prunus persica (L.) Batsch została udomowiona w Chinach. Pierwsze próby domestykacji mogły mieć miejsce ca 7500-8000 BP w dolinie Jangcy (Zheng i in. 2014). Brzoskwinie były uprawiane w Persji kilka wieków przed Chrystusem i spro

More than thirty body fossil localities are known in the Bright Angel Shale within Grand
Canyon National Park in northern Arizona. Most sites are in levels within the Glossopleura walcotti Zone
of the Delamaran Stage, Lincolnian Series. Two quarries in the Bright Angel Shale on the Tonto Platform
near the South Rim have produced, together, at least 630 specimens and 8 species of hyolithids,
brachiopods, trilobites, and eocrinoids. Trilobites are the most numerous and diverse taxa, and one of the
quarries has yielded several type specimens. Among the trilobites are: 1) an indeterminate species of
Amecephalus, probably either A. packi or possibly A. piochensis; 2) several well preserved specimens of
Amecephalus althea; 3) Kootenia, rare in the Bright Angel Shale; 4) relatively abundant specimens of
Glossopleura boccar; 5) rare specimens of G. walcotti?; and 6) numerous specimens of “Anoria”
tontoensis. Most characters used to distinguish Glossopleura and “Anoria” prove to be non-diagnostic,
but they are retained as separate genera here. Amecephalus laticaudum from the contemporaneous Spence
Shale of Idaho and Utah is a junior subjective synonym of A. althea. Preservation of trilobite skeletal
elements at the sites suggests that both contain a relatively high percentage of complete specimens,
although this ratio is probably inflated to some degree by collecting bias.

May, A. (1996b): Erdgeschichte und Fossilien des Kreises Olpe. - In: May, A., & Korte, L., & Ahrweiler, R.: Trampelpfade in die Erdgeschichte. Zur Geologie des Kreises Olpe: 5-56, 47 figs.; Attendorn (Kreisheimatmuseum).

Da das Gebiet des Kreises Olpe und die geologisch- paläontologische Sammlung von Herrn Korte fast ausschließlich aus Gesteinen des Devon-Systems - und zwar überwiegend des mittleren Devons - aufgebaut werden, möchte ich im nächsten Kapitel zuerst die wichtigsten Fossilien-Gruppen des Devons vorstellen, bevor dann im dritten Kapitel die zeitliche Entwicklung dieses Raumes dargestellt werden soll. Darauf folgt dann ein kurzer Blick auf die Bodenschätze des Raumes. Ein ausführliches Literaturverzeichnis schließt den Aufsatz ab. Als kleine Hilfe für alle Fossiliensammler, die ihre in dieser Region gefundenen Fossilien selbst bestimmen wollen, ist im Literaturverzeichnis auch die zur Bestimmung der Fossilien der Sonderaussteilung verwandte Literatur angeführt.

Inhalt:
      1. Die geographische Lage des Exkursionsgebiets im Remscheid-Altenaer Sattel
2. Standort Dolomitsteinbruch im Massenkalk bei Hagen Hohenlimburg
2.1 Die Entstehung des Massenkalks und Dolomits
2.2 Die Kalkbuchenwälder
3. Der Standort Dechenhöhle
3.1 Die Dechenhöhle
3.2 Die Entstehung von Tropfsteinhöhlen und Tropfsteinen
4. Der Standort Sonderhorst-Burgberg in den Letmather Kalkbergen und seine Kalkflora
5. Der Standort Felsenmeer in Hemer
5.1 Das Felsenmeer
5.2 Verkarstungserscheinungen
6. Quellenangaben und Literaturhinweise

Popov, L.E. and Cocks, L.R.M. 2017. Late Ordovician palaeogeography and the positions of the Kazakh ter-ranes through analysis of their brachiopod faunas. Acta Geologica Polonica, 67 (3), 323–380. Warszawa. Detailed biogeographical and biofacies analyses of the Late Ordovician brachiopod faunas with 160 genera, grouped into 94 faunas from individual lithotectonic units within the Kazakh Orogen strongly support an archipelago model for that time in that area. The Kazakh island arcs and microcontinents within several separate clusters were located in the tropics on both sides of the Equator. Key units, from which the Late Ordovician faunas are now well known, include the Boshchekul, Chingiz-Tarbagatai, and Chu-Ili terranes. The development of brachiopod biogeography within the nearly ten million year time span of the Late Ordovician from about 458 to 443 Ma (Sandbian, Katian, and Hirnantian), is supported by much new data, including our revised identifications from the Kazakh Orogen and elsewhere. The Kazakh archipelago was west of the Australasian segment of the Gondwana Supercontinent, and relatively near the Tarim, South China and North China continents, apart from the Atashu-Zhamshi Microcontinent, which probably occupied a relatively isolated position on the southwestern margin of the archipelago. Distinct faunal signatures indicate that the Kazakh terranes were far away from Baltica and Siberia throughout the Ordovician. Although some earlier terranes had joined each other before the Middle Ordovician, the amalgamation of Kazakh terranes into the single continent of Kazakhstania by the end of the Ordovician is very unlikely. The Late Ordovician brachiopods from the other continents are also compared with the Kazakh faunas and global provincialisation statistically determined.

May, A. (1989c): Die ältesten Gesteine des Sauerlandes und ihre Fossilien. - Der Märker, 38 (6): 258-265, 3 figs., pl. 1; Lüdenscheid.

In diesem Artikel werden die Schichten des Ordoviziums, Silurs und tiefsten Devons (und ihre wichtigsten Fossilien) des Ebbe-Gebirges vorgestellt. Sie werden zum Schluß in den Rahmen der erdgeschichtlichen Entwicklung gesetzt.

Brachiopod faunas in Lower Triassic deposits from Spitzbergen, Primorye of Russia, Japan, Mangyslak of Kazakhstan, Alpine Europe, the Caucasus, the Middle East, the Himalaya, South China, New Zealand, and western USA are taxonomically and stratigraphically reviewed. They comprise survivors of the end-Permian extinction and taxa originating in the Early Triassic. Origination of the Mesozoic-type taxa represents the recovery of Early Triassic brachiopods. The initial recovery of brachiopod faunas began in the late Griesbachian, and the time interval between the end of extinction and the onset of the recovery of brachiopods is much shorter than previously suspected. The Early Triassic recovery of brachiopod faunas is characterized by widespread brachiopod dispersal, multiprovincialism, and the presence of rare Lazarus genera at that time. Taxonomic selectivity of the recovery brachiopod faunas favors the rhynchonellids. The re-population of postextinction brachiopods varies geographically: there is a preference for regions either previously barren of latest Permian taxa or regions where the pre-extinction Changhsingian and surviving brachiopods are very rare. This unique biogeographic selectivity is probably partly responsible for the impoverished nature of brachiopod faunas in the Triassic (even Mesozoic) oceans. Five intervals of extinction, survival, survival-recovery, recovery-dispersal, and radiation are recognized based on variations in brachiopod faunas from the latest Permian to the Early Triassic. A dramatic reduction in brachiopod diversity at the end-Permian mass extinction is followed by several stepwise declines in diversity in the survival interval, the time during which the surviving brachiopods are dominated by geographically widespread generalist faunas that adapted to a wide variety of environments. The survival interval was followed by a slow re-population of new lineages dominated by progenitor taxa. D

A lack of well resolved biostratigraphic data has prevented robust regional and global correlation of lower Cam-brian successions from South Australia. A new early Cambrian biostratigraphy, based on data derived from 21 measured stratigraphic sections and drill cores (11 described herein) reveals the abundance and diversity of shelly fauna from the Arrowie Basin, and the value of early Cambrian "small shelly fossils" (SSF) for biostrati-graphic studies. Here we examine shelly fauna associated with the youngest of three recently established biozones, the Dailyatia odyssei Taxon Range Zone (hereafter D. odyssei Zone), and their correlative potential. The D. odyssei Zone features a diverse suite of tommotiids, organophosphatic brachiopods, bradoriid arthropods, molluscs and phosphatic problematica. This fauna permits strong correlation (often at species-level) with other major early Cambrian terranes, particularly Antarctica, South China and Laurentia, and suggest a Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3-4 age for the D. odyssei Zone. Bradoriids have proven to be useful biostratigraphic tools. Four new species and three new genera are described herein: Acutobalteus sinuosus gen. et sp. nov., Eozhexiella adnyamathanha gen. et sp. nov., Manawarra jonesi gen. et sp. nov. and Mongolitubulus descensus sp. nov. The description of Eohadrotreta sp. cf. zhenbaensis represents the first occurrence of the acrotretoid brachiopod Eohadrotreta from Australia.

A new Middle Permian locality in northern Johore, Peninsular Malaysia, yields a smallsized, but compositionally unique, brachiopod fauna consisting of eight species: Pseudoleptodus sp., Caricula cf. salebrosa Grant, Neochonetes (Nongtaia) aff. arabicus (Hudson & Sudbury), Karavankina sp., Transennatia cf. insculpta (Grant), Hustedia sp., Orthothetina sp., and martiniid indet. The first four genera are new records for Malaysia; in particular, the rare taxa Pseudoleptodus and Caricula characterize the fauna. The brachiopods occur together with the ammonoid Agathiceras sp., the nautiloid Foordiceras? sp., bivalves, and crinoid stems. The locality belongs to the East Malaya terrane of the Cathaysian biotic region, but some affinities to species of the Sibumasu province are recognized. The Malaysian forms of Pseudoleptodus, Caricula and Transennatia are similar to those of the Ratburi Limestone (southern Thailand). A Roadian-early Wordian age is interpreted for the Johore fauna. The similarity of brachiopods reported here with those from the Ratburi Limestone suggests that there was species interchange or one-way migration between shallow waters of East Malaya and Sibumasu across the main Palaeo-Tethys. The Tethyan seaway between the two terranes must have been narrower than previously interpreted by some authors to allow such faunal traffic during the Roadian-Wordian time period.

In the Mid to Late Ordovician the area of the Ougarta Range in north-west Africa occupied a position in relative
proximity to the South Pole. Eight successive low diversity brachiopod faunas, including the lingulide association
dominated by unnamed species of Lingulobolus, the Darriwilian ?Sivorthis fraterna and Tissintia convergens, the
Sandbian to early Katian Drabovinella regia and Tafilaltia destombesi–Rostricellula ambigena associations, the
mid Katian Drabovinella maxima and Svobodaina cf. havliceki associations and the late Hirnantian Plectothyrella
crassicostis chauveli Association are recognised. The brachiopod based correlation with the Middle to Upper
Ordovician succession of the Anti-Atlas in Morocco, suggests the presence of some gaps in the Ougarta section.
The occurrence of Svobodaina cf. havliceki in the Bou MʼHaoud Formation Upper Member suggests its correlation
with the upper part of the Lower Ktoua Formation of the Anti-Atlas. Among the other brachiopod taxa Drabovinella
regia, Orbiculothyris cf. costellata, Tafilaltia destombesi, Rostricellula ambigena, together with the genera Fehamya,
Mezotreta and Leptaena were previously unknown from Algerian Sahara. • Key words: Brachiopoda, Ordovician,
taxonomy, biostratigraphy, Algeria, Gondwana.

Brachiopods of the orders Strophomenida, Orthotetida, and Athyridida from the late middle Frasnian–early Famennian interval (hassi to triangularis conodont zones) in the Namur-Dinant Basin (southeastern margin of Laurussia; southern Belgium) are described. Nine genera and subgenera represented by 12 species are recognized here. One new genus, Retrorstrophia, and one new species, Douvillina area, are erected. Crinisarina stainbrooki is proposed to solve the homonymy between C. reticulata (Gosselet, 1877) and Cleiothyridina reticulata Stainbrook, 1947, the type species of Crinisarina Cooper and Dutro, 1982. A lectotype is selected and illustrated for C. reticulata. A new name is also proposed for Athyris reticulata Chen and Xu, 2000, which is assigned here to Crinisarina: C. shashishanensis nom. nov. In southern Belgium, the last representatives of the families Douvillinidae and Leptostrophiidae (Strophomenida) are from the Upper rhenana Zone (late Frasnian). Athyridid brachiopods, especially the representatives of the subfamily Cleiothyridininae constituted a significant part of the early Famennian recovery faunas with spiriferids and rhynchonellids, just after the late Frasnian mass extinction.

Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations appear to have been considerably higher than modern levels during much of the Phanerozoic and it has hence been proposed that surface temperatures were also higher. Some studies have, however, suggested that Earth's temperature (estimated from the isotopic composition of fossil shells) may have been independent of variations in atmospheric CO 2 (e.g. in the Jurassic and Cretaceous). If large changes in atmospheric CO 2 did not produce the expected climate responses in the past, predictions of future climate and the case for reducing current fossil-fuel emissions are potentially undermined. Here we evaluate the dataset upon which the Jurassic and Cretaceous assertions are based and present new temperature data, derived from the isotopic composition of fossil brachiopods. Our results are consistent with a warm climate mode for the Jurassic and Cretaceous and hence support the view that changes in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations are linked with changes in global temperatures. SUBJECT AREAS: PALAEOCLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE PALAEOCEANOGRAPHY PALAEONTOLOGY

Four brachiopod species from the upper Givetian of Ferques are described of which two are new: Cupularostrum minimum n. sp. (Rhynchonellida) and Cleiothyridina blacourti n. sp. (Athyridida). The third, which is assigned to Stringocephalus aff. fontanus Veevers, 1959, corresponds after revision to S. sp. (in Brice & Loones 2002) pro parte. The fourth is Stringodiscus giganteus (Sowerby, 1840) which is recorded for the first time in France. Material originates mainly from the Couderousse Member of the Blacourt Formation, dated by conodonts from the “Middle-Upper varcus Zone”, but exclusively for S. aff. fontanus and St. giganteus. Some rare specimens of C. minimum and Cl. blacourti have been collected in the lower part of the Bastien Member, upper part of the Blacourt Formation. Cl. blacourti is very common in the upper Givetian of Ferques, so the genus Cleiothyridina appears as soon as the upper Givetian as in Spain and not in the Famennian as it is reported in the “Treatise revised” (Alvarez & Rong, 2002).

A new exceptionally preserved marginal marine biota is reported from the Late Ordovician Big Hill Formation of Stonington Peninsula in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The new Lagerstätte hosts a moderately diverse fauna of medusae, linguloid brachiopods, non-mineralized arthropods and orthocone nautiloids, alongside dasycladalean green algae. The biota is similar to those of Lagerstätten from the Late Ordovician of Canada, revealing an extensive distribution of a distinctive marginal marine palaeocommunity in Laurentia at this time. The Big Hill biota extends the geographical range of exceptionally preserved Late Ordovician faunas in Laurentia and indicates that further examples remain to be discovered.

The description and study of rhynchonellid brachiopods recently collected from the Lower Devonian of the Ougarta area in western Algerian Sahara permitted the revision of previously described and/or listed taxa, mainly from Morocco. Palaeobiogeographically, the nine identified taxa share many similarities with the rhynchonellid fauna of the Ibarmaghian Domain. Five of the nine identified taxa belong to three genera of the Family Nucinulidae Sartenaer, 2004. Three of these are new taxa, namely Nucinulus orbignyanus crassicostus subsp. nov., Cuninulus ougartaensis sp. nov. and Palinulus saharaensis sp. nov. The our remaining taxa are assigned (one of them questionably) to the genera Lanceomyonia, Stenorhynchia and Glossinulus of the families Hebetoechiidae, Trigonirhynchiidae, and Glossinotoechiidae, respectively.

The biostratigraphic significance of selected uppermost Famennian (Upper Devonian) and lower Tournaisian (Mississippian) brachiopod genera, belonging to the orders Rhynchonellida (e.g. Araratella), Spiriferida (e.g. Sphenospira, Prospira), Spiriferinida (Syringothyris) and Productida (except Chonetidina), is discussed. Owing to the difficulties of identifying productidine and strophalosiidine genera, in contrast to rhynchonellides and spiriferides, the biostratigraphic potential of the former has generally been overlooked. Brachiopods flourished in neritic environments that were unfavourable for conodonts and ammonoids. In the absence of the latter traditional marker fossils, they are potentially important for locating the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in shallow water depositional settings in conjunction with rugose corals and foraminifers. On a worldwide scale, further work is required to reach a better assessment of the aftermath of the Hangenberg biological Crisis on brachiopods, notably in revising the faunas from the classical areas of the Famennian and Tournaisian stages in Western Europe.

This paper deals with Permian brachiopods collected from 7 localities in the
Tak Fa Formation of the Rat Buri Group, developed in the Khao Hin Klingarea, about
50 km southwest of Phetchabun. Twenty one species within seventeen genera are
described and discussed. Of them four species, Acosarina kanmerai, Orthotetina ruchae,
HaydeneUa grantiand Nolothyris sakagami, are newly established ones. The Khao Hin
Kling brachiopod fauna ranges from the Middle to early Late Permian. The faunal
elements contain close affinities to those of the central and southern Tethyan realms.

Several stratigraphic studies have proved that Early Toarcian carbonate platforms and basins suffered a sharp sedimentary and palaeoecologic evolution worlwide reflecting the onset of dramatic environmental perturbations in the atmosphere/ hydrosphere system. An upper Liassic slope carbonate succession cropping out in the Gran Sasso range (Abruzzi, central Italy) and pertaining to the transition between the Latium-Abruzzi carbonate platform and the Umbria-Marche basin has been studied in this light.

Four new Early Carboniferous athyridid species in three genera, including one new genus, Bruntonathyris, are described from the Qaidam Basin, northwest China: Lamellosathyris qaidamensis, Bruntonathyris amunikeensis, Bruntonathyris? heijianshanensis, and Lochengia qinghaiensis. Based on the new material and also on published information, we also reviewed the taxonomic composition and the stratigraphic and paleogeographic distributions of the three genera. As a result, Lamellosathyris is considered to be indicative of late Famennian to Viséan age, originating in late Famennian in central North America and Armenia of Russia, respectively. Later, the genus appears to have two migratory directions: one branch rapidly dispersed over Mississippi Valley, Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico of central North America in Tournaisian; alternatively, another branch from Armenia migrated westerly to Belgium, France, Spain, Britain, Ireland, via the Moscow Basin and Ural seaway, eastward to the Tienshan Mountains and Qaidam Basin of northwest China during the Tournaisian to Viséan, and easterly along the southern shelves of the Paleo-Tethys to Iran and western Yunnan of southwestern China in Tournaisian. Both Bruntonathyris and Lochengia are restrictedly Tournaisian to Viséan in age, and probably originated in the Qaidam Basin. Later, Bruntonathyris migrated easterly to South China and Japan, and westerly to Urals, Moscow Basin, Donetsk Basin and Britain; Lochengia migrated easterly to South China and westerly to the Urals seaway and the adjoined Russian Platform (i.e., both the Moscow and Donetsk Basins).

A review is presented of the genera and species, both living and fossil, comprising the Superfamily Kraussinoidea and of their geographic and stratigraphic distributions. Two new fossil species are described, Kraussina chilensis and Megerlina miracula, from the Miocene of Chile and New Zealand respectively. The ontogenetic development of the brachidium in each of the four kraussinid genera is described and on the basis of recognised differences it is proposed that a new taxonomic subdivision is made that places Megerlia in a new subfamily Megerliinae, distinct from the other three genera in the existing subfamily Kraussininae Dall. The loop ontogeny of kraussinoids is compared with that of other terebratellidines and a phylogenetic linkage between kraussinoids and laqueoids is suggested. KEY WORDS: Brachiopoda, Kraussina chilensis sp. nov., loop ontogeny, Megerlina miracula sp. nov., Terebratellidina Nineteenth century brachiopodologists, including Dall and Eudes-Deslongchamps (1884), recognised the morphological distinctiveness of a trio of geographically disparate Recent brachiopods (now known as Kraussina Davidson, Megerlia King and Megerlina Eudes-Deslongchamps), each characterised by a broadly strophic hingeline, large pedicle foramen, variably costate shell, lack of dental plates, spiculate mantle tissues, and a unique Y-shaped brachidium. Throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth century it was common practice to refer the trio (under a variety of generic names) to the subfamily Mü hlfeldtiinae, erected by Oehlert (1887) in honour of the early nineteenth century scientist J. K. Megerle von Mü hlfeldt. Subsequently Thomson (1927) added a further two genera (Aldingia Thomson and Pantellaria Dall) to the subfamily. Recognising the increasing unwieldiness of family level classification that embraced all known long-looped terebratulid brachiopods of the time, Allan (1940) introduced a new superfamily taxon, the Terebratellacea, in which he recognised six family level taxa,

In the Namur–Dinant Basin (Belgium), the last Atrypida and Pentamerida originate from the top of the Upper Palmatolepis rhenana Zone (Late Frasnian). Within this biozone, their representatives belong to the genera Costatrypa, Desquamatia (Desquamatia), Radiatrypa, Spinatrypa (Spinatrypa), Spinatrypina (Spinatrypina?), Spinatrypina (Exatrypa), Waiotrypa, Iowatrypa and Metabolipa. No representative of these orders occurs within the Palmatolepis linguiformis Zone. The disappearance of the last pentamerids, mostly confined to reefal ecosystems, is clearly related to the end of the edification of the carbonate mounds; it precedes shortly the atrypid one. This event, resulting from a transgressive episode, which induces a progressive and dramatic deterioration of the oxygenation conditions, takes place firstly in the most distal zones of the Namur–Dinant Basin (southern border of the Dinant Synclinorium; Lower P. rhenana Zone). It is only recorded within the Upper P. rhenana Zone in the Philippeville Anticlinorium, the Vesdre area, and the northern flank of the Dinant Synclinorium. It would seem that the terebratulids were absent during the Famennian in this basin, probably due to inappropriate facies. Among the 13 species described or briefly discussed (Palmatolepis hassi to Upper P. rhenana zones), Pseudoatrypa godefroidi nov. sp. and Spinatrypina (Exatrypa) marmoris nov. sp. are proposed as new.

The Upper Frasnian sequence of the Namur–Dinant Basin in southern Belgium consists of mixed siliclastic–carbonate succession of a ramp setting, where the sequence spans the rhenana–linguiformis conodont zones. Earlier studies investigated the chemostratigraphic variations during the Frasnian-Famennian event, but little has been yet known about the nature of the counterpart variations that immediately preceded that time interval. Despite the scarcity of well-preserved brachiopods, sixty–one calcitic shells were collected mainly from beds of the Neuville and Les Valisettes formations (Lower and Upper rhenana zones), to investigate biochemostratigraphic profiles of oxygen-, carbon-isotope and rare earth element (REE) variations of the time interval immediately before the Frasnian-Famennian boundary. The δ18O and δ13 C values of the well-preserved shells range from − 9.5 to − 5.6 ‰ VPDB (− 7.7 ± 1.1, n = 33) and from − 1.8 to 3.8 ‰ VPDB (1.1 ± 1.7, n = 33), respectively, which are within the documented global values. The C- and O-isotope profiles exhibit parallel shifts, particularly at the top of the Neuville Formation (top of the Lower rhenana Zone), which are associated with a sea-level rise and shrinkage in the brachiopod community. Also, the Th/U (0.9 ± 0.6, n = 16) and Ce/Ce* (2.2 ± 0.5, n = 16) ratios suggest deposition under reducing conditions consistent with sea transgression.

Five new genera and species are described from brown silty mudstone near Huai Bun Nak,
north-east Thailand. New taxa are Prorugaria thailandica n. gen., n. sp. (Family Rugosochonetidae); Tuberculatella
tubertella n. gen., n. sp. (Family Overtoniidae); Minispina alata n. gen., n. sp. (Family Marginiferidae);
Aspinosella sinauris n. gen., n. sp. (Family Retariidae) and Mucrospiriferinella undulosa n. gen.,
n. sp. (Family Xestotrematidae). The age is considered to be younger Carboniferous.

The Middle to Late Ordovician was a time of profound biotic diversification, paleoecological change, and major climate shifts. Yet studies examining speciation mechanisms and drivers of dispersal are lacking. In this study, we use Bayesian phylogenetics and maximum likelihood analyses in the R package BioGeoBEARS to reanalyze ten published data matrices of brachiopods and trilobites and produce time-calibrated species-level phylogenetic hypotheses with estimated biogeographic histories. Recovered speciation and biogeographic patterns were examined within four time slices to test for changes in speciation type across major tectonic and paleoclimatic events. Statistical model comparison showed that biogeographic models that incorporate long-distance founder-event speciation best fit the data for most clades, which indicates that this speciation type, along with vicariance and traditional dispersal, were important for Paleozoic benthic invertebrates. Speciation by dispersal was common throughout the study interval, but notably elevated during times of climate change. Vicariance events occurred synchronously among brachiopod and trilobite lineages, indicating that tectonic, climate, and ocean processes affected benthic and planktotrophic larvae similarly. Middle Ordovician interoceanic dispersal in trilobite lineages was influenced by surface currents along with volcanic island arcs acting as “stepping stones” between areas, indicating most trilobite species may have had a planktic protaspid stage. These factors also influenced brachiopod dispersal across oceanic basins among Laurentia, Avalonia, and Baltica. These results indicate that gyre spin-up and intensification of surface currents were important dispersal mechanisms during this time. Within Laurentia, surface currents, hurricane tracks, and upwelling zones controlled dispersal among basins. Increased speciation during the Middle Ordovician provides support for climatic facilitators for diversification during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Similarly, increased speciation in Laurentian brachiopod lineages during the Hirnantian indicates that some taxa experienced speciation in relation to major climate changes. Overall, this study demonstrates the substantial power and potential for likelihood-based methods for elucidating biotic patterns during the history of life.

May, A. (1996a): Relationship among sea-level fluctuation, biogeography, and bioevents of the Devonian: an attempt to approach a powerful, but simple model for complex long-range control of biotic crises. - Geolines, 3: 38-49, 2 figs.; Praha.

ABSTRACT. Connections among changing sea-level, development of marine biogeography and appearance of bioevents in Devonian times are emphasised. Decreasing Devonian provincialism of the marine fauna reflects rising sea-level of global ocean. Whereas the Emsian sea-level lowstand was accompanied by strong provincialism of the marine communities, the Frasnian highstands were linked to an unusual decrease of provincialism. As generally documented, the partial but intensive transgressional events (often related to bioevents) were usually associated with a decrease of the provincialism. The best explanation for the majority of Devonian bioevents is the effect of oceanic anoxia. A model suggested herein operates with a fast transgression related to fast ocean sea-level rise. A direct consequence of this fast transgression was the increased primary biomass production (caused by both increased infiux of nutrients and increased total surface of shallow seas). Decreased oxygen supply of oceans continued this process being caused by the global temperature increase which resulted from the albedo decrease. These consequences of these combined factors produced an oceanic anoxic event which started the extinction processes of the bioevent. The well-documented pattern of intensified biological crises during the Devonian, time-slice by time-slice (from Emsian to Frasnian), is explained as a direct result of decreased provincialism of the marine fauna. Both decrease of the provincialism and increased intensity of the Devonian bioevents can be deduced directly or indirectly from changes of global sea-level. This simply constructed but very complex explanation yields two advantages: first, it needs only very few infiuencing factors, second, it can basically renounce incalculable influences (e.g. meteorite impacts). The suggested concept of oceanic anoxic events can explain also other major bioevents of the Earth history.

KURZFASSUNG: Der Artikel versucht, Zusammenhänge zwischen den Veränderungen des Meeresspiegels, der Entwicklung der marinen Biogeographie und den Bioevents im Devon herauszuarbeiten und zu erklären. Die Entwicklung des Faunen-Provinzialismus im Devon ist ein Ergebnis der Entwicklung des globalen Meeresspiegels. Im Emsium war der Meeresspiegel niedrig und der Provinzialismus der Meeresfauna gross, im Frasnium war der Meeresspiegel hoch und der Provinzialismus sehr gering. Insbesondere einige Trangressions-Schübe, die sich auch als Bioevents bemerkbar machten, führten zu schnellen Abnahmen der Grösse des Provinzialismus. Die beste Erklärung für die meisten devonischen Bioevents ist das Auftreten von ozeanischen anoxischen Events. Das hier vorgestellte Modell setzt bei schnellen Transgressionen an, die durch schnelle Meeresspiegel-Anstiege verursacht wurden. Die Konsequenzen einer schnellen Transgression waren gesteigerte Primär produktion organischer Substanz und geringere Sauerstoff- Versorgung der Ozeane, was zusammen zum ozeanischen anoxischen Event und zum Bioevent führte. Der Umstand, dass die Intensität der Bioevents vom Emsium zum Frasnium zunahm, wird durch die Abnahme des Provinzialismus der Meeresfauna in dieser Zeit erklärt. Sowohl die Entwicklung des Provinzialismus der marinen Fauna als auch das Auftreten und die Intensität der Bioevents im Devon lassen sich direkt oder mittelbar aus der Entwicklung des globalen Meeresspiegels ableiten. Dieser sehr umfassende Erklärungsansatz hat den Vorteil, mit sehr wenigen Einfiussfaktoren auszukommen und auf unkalkulierbare Einwirkungen (wie z.B. Meteoriten-Einschläge) völlig verzichten zu können. Vermutlich ist das hier entwickelte Konzept eines ozeanischen anoxischen Events auch auf andere Bioevents übertragbar.

KEYWORDS: Devonian, Kellwasser Event, ecosystems, biogeography, sea level fiuctuation.

Zhong-Qiang Chen, G.R. Shi, Yongqun Gao, Jinnan Tong, Fengqing Yang & Yuanqiao Peng, June, 2009. A late Changhsingian (latest Permian) deep-water brachiopod fauna from Guizhou, South China. Alcheringa 33, 163–183. ISSN 0311-5518.A deep-water brachiopod fauna (20 species in 19 genera) is described from the Late Permian Shaiwa Group of Ziyun, Guizhou, South China. New species include Pygmochonetes? shaiwaensis and Martinia ziyunensis. This fauna is associated with deep-water assemblages of pelagic radiolarians, foraminifers, bivalves and ammonoids. The brachiopod faunal correlations and age constraints of the associated fossil groups suggest that the Shaiwa fauna is late Changhsingian (latest Permian) in age. The Shaiwa fauna superficially resembles the coeval deep-water assemblage from Guangxi, South China; both are characterized by a mixture of deep-water brachiopods and shallow-water elements.

Global reviews reveal that 102 brachiopod species (including 40 indeterminate species) belonging to 43 genera within 27 families survived the end-Permian mass extinction in South China, the Himalayan regions (southern Tibet, Nepal, Salt Range and Kashmir), southern Alps (Italy), Arctic Canada, western USA and Western Australia. Of these, the surviving brachiopods are most abundant and widespread in South China where they occur in 32 of the 42 Permian-Triassic (P/T) boundary sections around the world. Brachiopod faunas are the most abundant and diverse post-extinction survivors, and their appearance above the end-Permian mass extinction horizon somewhat masks recognition of the end-Permian extinction. These surviving brachiopods occur in three stratal intervals corresponding to the bMixed Fauna BedsQ (MFB hereafter) 1-3 of the P/T boundary beds. A sharp drop in diversity of the brachiopod faunas coincides with the widely accepted end-Permian mass extinction horizon. The post-extinction brachiopods were also affected by a subsequent crisis corresponding to the boundary between MFB 2 and MFB 3 so that most survivors were extinct approximately 0.7 Ma after the end-Permian mass extinction. The surviving brachiopods were mainly Productida, followed by Spiriferida. In particular, small chonetids, chonetid-like productellids and smooth, thin-shelled ambocollid spiriferids are most abundant. Lingula is extraordinarily abundant and widespread approximately 0.7 Ma after the greatest extinction when many regions became devoid of articulate brachiopods. Widespread, broadly adapted and small-sized taxa preferentially survived. Frequent intrageneric speciation of widespread, widely adapted generalist genera enabled survival brachiopods to occupy rapidly and efficiently vacant ecospace in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction. The ecological habitats of the postextinction brachiopods are subdivided into nearshore, epeiric sea, restricted carbonate platform, open carbonate platform, ramp and outer shelf environments. Of these, the survival brachiopods are most diverse in the open platform environments. The nearshore zone provided ideal habitats for the nonarticulated brachiopods to occupy; whereas the survivors in the outer shelf are predominantly chonetids and chonetid-like productellids. The most successful survivors, the productid brachiopods, are widely distributed in six types of ecological habitats and thus have no apparent preference for specific environments. The end-Permian extinction resulted in the movement of biogeographical provinces towards the palaeo-0031-0182/$ -see front matter D (Z.-Q. Chen).

"Thecideid brachiopods are poorly known brachiopods of debated phylogenetic relationships which occur from the Late Triassic to the Recent. Although well known in encrusting communities of
Jurassic and Cretaceous cryptic habitats, they have received less attention in Cenozoic environments. Extensive thin section analysis of circumalpine Paleogene carbonates (Late Eocene of
Austria as well as the Early Oligocene of Slovenia, the Inntal Valley and Northern Italy) has revealed the presence of thecideid brachiopods allowing for the analysis of their taphonomy,
component relationships and facies distribution. The complex morphology of the valves enables these brachiopods to be readily identified in thin section, even if highly fragmented or encrusted.
Component analyses using semi-quantitative and quantitative methods reveal that these brachiopods are most commonly associated with corals and coralline algae. The brachiopods are often included within complex encrustation sequences. Their palaeoecology thus closely mirrors that of Recent and fossil thecideid species which are characteristics of cryptic habitats in tropical and warm temperate seas. The potential of these minute brachiopods as palaeoecological indicators has been underestimated especially considering their ease of recognition in thin section not only of complete valves, but also of highly fragmented material. "

The latest Pragian to the early Eifelian succession of the Devonian of the eastern border of the Paraná Basin (Brazil) is approached integrating taphonomy and sequence stratigraphy, providing new insights to the analysis of intracratonic siliciclastic Paleozoic seas. The high-resolution study of six outcrops revealed a mud-prone succession, composed predominantly of distal tempestites, with minor preservation of foreshore/shoreface depositional systems, and permitted the acquisition of sensible fossil and sedimentary data in relation to environments within the general depositional tendencies of the lowstand (LST), trangressive (TST) and highstand (HST) systems tracts of the succession. The LST has fragmented fossils preserved that indicate proximity to the shoreline; also, can preserve fossils that live in the foreshore/shoreface zone by proximal obrution events. In general, the TST records an epoch of moderate to high faunal diversity, low rates of sedimentation, with occurrence of obrution deposits in its middle part. Concretions with phosphatic animals can be preserved at the maximum transgressive surface, where the calcareous shells are preferentially dissolved. Stringers and rosette orientations below storm wave base are explained by flow lifting of distal muddy turbidity currents. The HST presents higher faunal diversity, with abundance of fragmented valves; sedimentation rates are moderated. Specific lingulid taphofacies displayed a very good correlation with the environmental conditions in each depositional environment. The lingulid taphofacies could be used as a more sensible tool in order to analyze environmental conditions in ancient seas. Therefore taphonomic signatures and biofabrics of the fossils (their occurrences and diversities) showed correlation with the general principles of sequence stratigraphy, and seem to be controlled by the system tracts where they were preserved.

May, A. (2010a): Buchbesprechung: 573. Halamski, A. T. (2009): Middle Devonian Brachiopods from the northern Part of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland in relation to selected coeval faunas. Part One: Introduction, Lingulida, Strophomenida, Productida, …. - Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie Teil II, vol. 2010 (1/2): p. ; Stuttgart.


Halamski, A. T. (2009): Middle Devonian Brachiopods from the northern Part of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland in relation to selected coeval faunas. Part One: Introduction, Lingulida, Craniida, Strophomenida, Productida, Protorthida, Orthida. – Palaeontographica (Abt. A: Paläozoologie – Stratigraphie), 287 (1-3): 41-98, 17 Abb., 5 Tab., 16 Taf., Stuttgart (E. Schweizerbart), 23 x 31 cm, kart., € 144,-.    Der Autor beginnt hiermit eine monographische Beschreibung der reichen Brachiopodenfauna des Mittel-Devons des nördlichen Heiligkreuzgebirges in Zentral-Polen. Diese schon seit dem 19. Jahrhundert untersuchte Brachiopodenfauna ist nicht nur wegen ihrer langen Erforschungsgeschichte oder ihrer bemerkenswert großen Diversität so interessant, sondern auch, weil sie sehr enge Beziehungen zu den mitteldevonischen Brachiopodenfaunen des Links- und Rechtsrheinischen Schiefergebirges besitzt. Halamski dokumentiert diese engen Beziehungen nicht nur in den ausführlichen Synonymielisten und den Bemerkungen, sondern bei einigen Arten vergleicht er auch die Populationen des Heiligkreuzgebirges mit gleichaltrigen Populationen der Eifel.  Der vorliegende erste Teil der monographischen Beschreibung enthält 31 Taxa der Ordnungen Lingulida, Craniida, Strophomenida, Productida, Orthotetida, Protorthida und Orthida. Als sehr positiv ist zu werten, dass Halamski nur zwei neue Arten vorschlägt (Leptodontella lanthanonema Halamski, 2009 und Zophostrophia? aaatos Halamski, 2009) und zwei weitere, wahrscheinlich neue Arten in offener Nomenklatur beschreibt. Außerdem werden für vier wichtige Arten Lectotypen aufgestellt.  Diese Veröffentlichung ist gleichermaßen für Brachiopoden-Spezialisten, biostratigraphisch arbeitende Geologen und ernsthafte Fossiliensammler eine grosse Bereicherung, um nicht zu sagen, ein „Muss“. Ausführliche Synonymielisten, Beschreibungen und klare Abbildungen ermöglichen es, viele wichtige mitteldevonische Brachiopoden-Arten des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges nach der aktuellen Nomenklatur zu bestimmen. Ich hätte mir sehr gewünscht, diese Veröffentlichung während meiner biostratigraphischen Untersuchungen im Mittel-Devon des Sauerlandes (May 1986, 1991, 2003) zu haben!  Nur zwei Schwachpunkte lassen sich in der Arbeit von Halamski ausmachen. Der erste ist kaum der Rede wert: Es wäre schön gewesen, wenn Halamski auch das Material der Sammlung des Städtischen Museums Menden berücksichtigt hätte, da diese Sammlung zahlreiche Brachiopoden aus klassischen Fundorten des Givetiums im Sauerland enthält (May 1991).  Der zweite Schwachpunkt ist schon etwas gravierender: Ich hätte mir gewünscht, dass Halamski noch intensiver die außereuropäische Brachiopoden-Literatur berücksichtigt hätte und darauf aufbauend, klarer die Beziehungen der mitteleuropäischen Faunen zum Rest des „Old World Realm“-Faunenreiches herausgearbeitet hätte. Ein willkürlich herausgegriffenes Beispiel ist, dass die wichtige Arbeit von Trotter & Talent (2005) nicht in Halamskis Literaturverzeichnis erscheint. So schwebt die Arbeit leider in derselben Gefahr wie so manche andere paläontologische Arbeit: in einer gewissen „Nabelschau“ stecken zu bleiben und die engen Beziehungen zu anderen Regionen nicht klar genug zu sehen.      Andreas May      Literaturhinweise:  May, A. (1986): Biostratigraphische Untersuchungen im Mittel-Devon des Nordwest-Sauerlandes (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). –Dortmunder Beiträge zur Landeskunde, Naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 20: 23-55, 2 Abb., 2 Tab., Dortmund.  May, A. (1991): Die Fossilführung des westsauerländischen Givetiums (Devon, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) in der Sammlung des Städtischen Museums Menden. – Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen, 17: 7-42, 20 Abb., Münster.  May, A. (2003): Die Fossilführung des Mitteldevons im Raum Attendorn–Olpe (West-Sauerland, Rechtsrheinisches Schiefergebirge). – Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen, 60: p. 47-79, 4 Abb., Taf. 1-3, Münster.  Trotter, J. A. & Talent, J. (2005): Early Devonian (mid-Lochkovian) Brachiopod, Coral and Conodont Faunas from Manildra, New South Wales, Australia. – Palaeontographica (Abt. A: Paläozoologie – Stratigraphie), 273 (1-2): 1-54, 3 Abb., 4 Tab., 18 Taf., Stuttgart (E. Schweizerbart).

The brachiopods sampled from the Trois-Fontaines Formation in the Marenne quarry are mainly represented by two species: Spinatrypina (Spinatrypina) fontis n. sp. and Eifyris socia n. sp. Orthid, rhynchonellid, spiriferid and terebratulid brachiopods are also present but much rarer. Among them a new species, Bornhardtina equitis n. sp., is described, the others being only briefly discussed.