Entrepreneurial intention

Anormal Psikoloji kitabı, ruhsal bozukluklar alanında çalışan tüm profesyoneller, psikiyatristler, klinik psikologlar, psikologlar, psikolojik danışmanlar, hekimler, sosyal hizmet uzmanları, psikiyatri hemşireleri ve bu alanlarda öğrenci yetiştiren akademisyenler ile eğitim alan öğrenciler için temel bir başvuru kitabıdır.
2013 yılının Mayısı ayında yayımlanan DSM-5 ölçütlerine göre ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili sunulan bilgilerin güncellemesinin de yapıldığı bu kitap, tüm dünyada pek çok üniversitenin psikiyatri ve psikoloji bölümlerinde ders kitabı olarak okutulmaktadır.
Kitabın her bölümünde, ilk olarak ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili vakalar sunulmakta, daha sonra bozuklukların klinik tanıları yapılmakta ve DSM-IV-TR’den farklı olan DSM-5’te yapılan değişikliklere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca, DSM-5’teki tanı ölçütleri, bozuklukların etiyolojisi ve epidemiyolojisi, bozukluklar üzerinde kalıtımın ve çevrenin etkileri, biyolojik ve sosyal ve kültürel etkiler, en güncel araştırmalardan elde edilen verilerle harmanlanarak sunulmaktadır. Ruhsal bozuklukların tedavisinde etkili olacak terapi yaklaşımları ve ilaçla yapılan tedaviler hakkında da bilgiler veren kitap, sahip olduğu zengin içeriği ile eşsiz bir kaynaktır.
Anormal Psikoloji kitabının; profesyoneller ve öğrenciler için önemli bir rehber olacağına, yardıma ihtiyaç duyan insanların sorunlarının çözümüne, ruhsal bozuklukların tanı ve tedavisinde önemli katkılar sağlayacağına inanıyoruz.

The purpose of this paper is to examine entrepreneurial competences among female entrepreneurs within the context of developed countries which have been greatly neglected in the same context of emerging economies. This empirical research is based on a survey of 301 micro and small enterprises located in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, run by female entrepreneurs. Its focus is on the following entrepreneurial competences: the need for achievement, locus of control, tolerance of ambiguity, innovativeness, risk-taking propensity, self-efficacy, egoistic passion; goal setting; resilience; trustworthiness; emotional stability; and patience. In measuring entrepreneurial performance, the constructs of firm performance, development of personal wealth, and social performance were used. The findings show that a proper measurement instrument has been applied to check on the constructs of entrepreneurial competences and entrepreneurial performance. The paper makes a finding that entrepreneurial comp...

This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention. Data collection techniques use a questionnaire given to 205 students from three private universities namely STIE MDP, STMIK MDP, and STIE Musi. The results of hypothesis test shows that entrepreneurship education has a significant influence on entrepreneurial intention shown by the calculated F greater than F table, so the hypothesis of the study is accepted. Entrepreneurial intention is also reinforced by the demographic variables of gender, work experience, and parent's occupation. Entrepreneurial intention of men is higher than women. Students who have work experience also have a higher entrepreneurial intention. Students whose parents work as farmers have the most entrepreneurial intention.

Individual values' effect on the entrepreneurial
tendency is an important research topic in the field of
entrepreneurship. This research aims to investigate the
effect of individual values of business administration
students on their entrepreneurial tendency, and to
compare the effects of public and foundation university2
Business Administration students’ individual values on
their entrepreneurial tendency in Istanbul. Individual
values are measured through Schwartz Values Inventory
which has 58 items, and entrepreneurial tendency is
measured via a scale which has 50 items and is the
combination of four different scales developed by Yılmaz
and Sünbül (2009), Börü (2006), Bozkurt and Baştürk
(2011), and Bozkurt (n.d.). The research was conducted
at Istanbul University, Marmara University, Bogazici
University, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul Aydin
University, Istanbul Commerce University and Yeditepe
University with 504 final-year students studying at
Business Administration departments. As the result of
validity analyses, 6 factors for individual values scale were
identified, and 9 factors – for entrepreneurial tendency
scale. In the course of multiple linear regression analyses,
it is found that there is a significant effect of university
students’ some individual values on their entrepreneurial
tendency, and this effect partially differentiates between
public university students and foundation university
students.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors explaining Saudi students’ entrepreneurial intention. To this end, we combined two models, namely Shapero and Sokol’s model (1982) and Ajzen’s model of intention (1991). The validation of this combined model on a sample of Saudi students has shown a significant and positive impact of students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship, subject norms, perceived behavioural control and entrepreneurial intention. According to the obtained results, the first hypothesis test demonstrates statistically significant differences in the examined sample responses in relation to the students' attitude to entrepreneurship at a significant level less than 0.05. Consequently, we can say that there is a direct and positive relationship between students' attitude towards entrepreneurship and their entrepreneurial intention. These results prove the quality of the study and the hypotheses presented, but in an acceptable proportion in its overall form.

Essential to the nation’s economic growth are people, defined as entrepreneurs, who realize an entrepreneurial opportunity and take risks to benefit from it. Entrepreneurship, as one of the important characteristics of this economic participation, should be seeded in the minds of every individual. Attitudes, personal characteristics, orientation and motivation, as well as opportunities, define a person’s entepreneuriability.
The Badjao people, also termed as Bajau, Bajaw, Bajao, and also known as Sama or Samal, live a seaborne lifestyle through small wooden sailing vessels such perahu and vinta. Originated in Southern Philippine coasts, Bajao are called as the Sea Gypsies who came from the older inhabited areas associated with the development of sea trade. Mostly, male Badjaos, who belong to the family of chieftains, are either fishermen (Badjaos being sea nomads are skilled fishers) or pearl vendors as they have a steady supply of cultured pearls from Palawan and Mindanao. The women Badjao are used to be a baby-sitter, sell fruits and food in their community to augment the income of the family. Because of this niche, Badjao, who are traditionally nomadic, became sea dependent and generally illiterate. Living off the seashores, they live as sea traders on subsistence fishing. It had been 5 decades ago when Bajao people left Zamboanga because of the wanton terrorism in the area. The terroristic activities in the area had caused them leave their nomadic habitat and migrated to other places. Mostly, they transferred to the urban areas like Metro areas in Metro Manila, Cebu, Davao, Cagayan de Oro and the rest of the country. At present, Badjaos, especially women carrying their youngsters, are often seen along the busy streets who beg for money and food. With these as primary notion for Bajao people, they are associated with laziness because, as commonly believed, they would rather beg than work for money. They are also considered unhygienic because they wear dirty clothes with an unwashed face. However, Badjao people had signified their intentions to participate in economic growth and practice as some of them got educated.
Concomitantly, Badjao people, being uneducated and underprivileged in the economic community, need to be empowered by knowing their entrepreneurial capabilities and interests. The crux of the issue is: at the streamline are the social and economic benefits of entrepreneurial programs for the Badjao people especially the women settlers. Researchers have long emphasized on the importance of entrepreneurship and innovativeness in providing fair economic opportunities for everybody.
At the streamline of knowing the entrepreneurial characteristics of such groups of individuals are the 2 major lines of interests: (1) personal or cognitive factors and (2) environmental or contextual factors. At the forefront of the investigation, the determinant of these characteristics is more of economical rather than social. Accordingly, the aims of this pursuit are start-ups, self-employment, job creation, knowledge advancement and skills development.
The Descriptive Research design was used in this study as it tried to gather data on the prevalence of entrepreneurial spirit and intention of Badjao women settlers. The comparative design was also used as it also tried to ascertain the comparative analysis on their behaviors towards entrepreneurship as influenced by age, civil status, educational training and regional origin. The respondents of this study were the Badjao women settlers in Santiago City. A total of 100 Badjao women settlers were used through quota sampling procedure.  A questionnaire on the determinant of the entrepreneurial characteristics of women Badjao settlers was constructed and validated. Expert pooling was done among the Business Faculty members in CVCITC.  The revised instrument was field tested to a group of 30 women Business Administration students. The items were analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha. It was found out that the material had an alpha value of .689.  Eminent researchers claimed that an alpha value that exceeds 0.6 signifies acceptable reliability. Hence, it is a valid and reliable instrument.  Data were collected among the Badjao women settlers in Santiago City through a questionnaire. The researcher personally floated the questionnaire among the respondents in their resettlement area. Data were tallied, treated and analyzed to give shed on the formulated research problems. The frequency counts, ranking, mean and ANOVA were used in the study. Data were treated using SPSS.
Findings revealed that Badjao women settlers in Santiago City are mostly persistent, independent and goal-setter. Moreover, the respondents’ personal attributes, achievement orientation, risk-taking and innovation are of great extent on their entrepreneurial characteristics. Results further confirmed that there is no significant difference on the entrepreneurial characteristics of the Badjao women settlers when grouped according to age, civil status, education and origin. Concomitantly, the Badjao women settlers intend to put-up business on livestock, buy and sell, beauty salon and dressmaking/tailoring.

Entrepreneurship is an essential part of economies around the world. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study analyze the impact of entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and university entrepreneurial environment on the entrepreneurial intention of university student. Utilizing a sample of 894 university students in Saudi Arabia, a country undergoing a reform strategy to diversify the economy with an emphasis on entrepreneurship, the results indicate that entrepreneurial attitude and self-efficacy are related to entrepreneurial intentions. Further, the impacts of subjective norms and self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intention are mediated by entrepreneurial attitude. The findings also indicates that the university entrepreneurial environment has no impact on the entrepreneurial intentions of Saudi students. The study offer implications for the entrepreneurial intention literature and policy makers.

The success of entrepreneurship education programs remains unanswered if it is associated with some students who have decided to launch and pursue a business venture. It is important to know the intentions of a nascententrepreneur to start up the business ventures persistently if experts and policy makers’ attentions are drawn on how to arouse interest in starting a business. Quantitative approached was used in this research to examine the influence of entrepreneurship education, social norms and self-efficacy on intentions to pursue business ventures by adopting Linan model of intention-behavior. The model was addressed to the students who participated in entrepreneurship education program during the mid of study in Bina Nusantara University. Last, the result is in line with Linan model.

The current knowledge in entrepreneurial intention research is enormous and rapidly growing. The primary purpose of this paper is to offer a relatively holistic review of literature in entrepreneurial intention research by concentrating on two perspectives: global studies and Vietnamese studies. Researchers in the field of entrepreneurial intention can utilize this paper to predict the influences of a variety of factors on the entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates and postgraduates. With 111 references, the content focus on the literature review of the constructs of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention; Entrepreneurial Intention Research Models; Vietnamese Entrepreneurial Research and Conclusion. The entrepreneurial intention literature is vast, so the limitation of this paper only reviews some deliberately chosen samples of the literature in global perspectives and Vietnamese perspective.

Entrepreneurship is instrumental in a nation’s wealth development and management, furthermore as a
social mobility tool. Over the years the impact of entrepreneurship has brought about numerous
implication and transformation to many fields. One of the significant transformation is the
involvement of universities in entrepreneurship. The involvement of university in entrepreneurial
activities and entrepreneurial education, where the self-sustainment of the university and the creation
of future entrepreneurs are the major contributions. The rich university ecosystem is seen as the
habitat for the development of the entrepreneurial activities and creation of future entrepreneurs.
Allowing the graduates to be nurtured into entrepreneurship, by virtue of teaching and learning
entrepreneurship. Although it is undeniable that the ecosystem is a prominent factor in a graduate’s
entrepreneurial career choice decision but there seems to be a gap in the body of knowledge. The
interplay of the ecosystem and graduates’ entrepreneurial intention are interrelated thus it is crucial
that the ecosystem is taken into account as a contributing factor in the investigation of graduates’
entrepreneurial career choice decision. Thus this paper intend to call for attention studies to further
fill the gap in the body of knowledge by investigating the impact of the university-based
entrepreneurial ecosystem support on the graduates’ entrepreneurial intention.

İnovasyonun On Tipi kitabı ile inovasyon yapmak isteyenlere reçete veriliyor. Adım adım ve yalın bir şekilde inovasyonun nasıl geliştirilebileceği konusunda önemli sırlar ortaya koyuluyor. Bu kitap, özellikle teknoloji odaklı inovasyon yapmak isteyenlere yapılan hataları da göstererek uygulama ortamı oluşturuyor. Yenilik ilkelerini verirken startupların ve hatta büyük kuruluşların anlamlı ve sürdürülebilir büyüme konusundaki donanımını artırıyor. 2000'den fazla başarılı yeniliğin ortaya çıkışında önemli içgörüler sağlıyor.
Bu kitabın anlatım tarzında özel bir algoritma uygulanarak anlamlı gruplar belirlendi. İnovasyon fırsatlarını belirlemek için firmaların iç ve dış büyüme parametreleri ve performans değerleri, rakiplerini de devreye alarak şekillendirildi. İnovasyon odaklı performansın artırılabilmesi, önemli değerlendirmeler yapılabilmesi için özel ve hazır yol haritaları sunuldu. Endüstriler için de inovasyon modellerini teşhis edip yeni bir anlayış ve yöntem geliştirme imkânı sunuluyor.
Çevrimsel araştırmanın altyapısını vererek farklı ve anlamlı değişim ve dönüşümü düşündürüp kalıcı ve kullanışlı yollar uygulatarak kitabın ne kadar değerli olduğunu kanıtlıyor. Eğer kurumunuzda anlamlı ve sürdürülebilir büyümeyi inovasyon odaklı gerçekleştirmek isterseniz yenilik ilkelerinin detaylı olarak anlatıldığı İnovasyonun On Tipi kitabını okuyun.
Bu kitabın yazarlarından Larry Keeley'in tecrübelerinden yararlanmak büyük bir fırsat. Kendisi BusinessWeek tarafından inovasyon alanındaki dünya görüşünü ve paradigmaları değiştiren, yedi yenilik gurusundan biri olarak seçilmiş olup Doblin firmasının kurucusudur. Diğer yazarlar ile birlikte inovasyonun tasarlanması ve sürdürülebilir kılınması konusunda dünya çapında pek çok girişimciyi, yöneticiyi, şirketleri ve startupları etkilemiştir.

Dans la présente communication, nous proposons une première exploration théorique du lien entre l'émotion et la formation de l'intention entrepreneuriale. Pour ce faire, suite à un exposé de la conception de l'intention entrepreneuriale du point de vue des désirs et des croyances, nous révisons les théories cognitives de l'émotion. Nous traitons ensuite le lien entre la formation de l'intention entrepreneuriale d'une part, l'émotion immédiate (la peur de l'échec) et l'émotion attendue (la joie de la réussite) d'autre part.

Entrepreneurship is an essential part of economies around the world. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study analyze the impact of entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and university entrepreneurial environment on the entrepreneurial intention of university student. Utilizing a sample of 894 university students in Saudi Arabia, a country undergoing a reform strategy to diversify the economy with an emphasis on entrepreneurship, the results indicate that entrepreneurial attitude and self-efficacy are related to entrepreneurial intentions. Further, the impacts of subjective norms and self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intention are mediated by entrepreneurial attitude. The findings also indicates that the university entrepreneurial environment has no impact on the entrepreneurial intentions of Saudi students. The study offer implications for the entrepreneurial intention literature and policy makers.

This study examines entrepreneurial intention of undergraduate tourism students in Egypt and the effect of specific beliefs and subjective norms on this intention. It also investigates students’ perceived motives and barriers to entrepreneurship. Although there have been many studies handling students entrepreneurial intention, only a limited number of studies have focused on tourism students’ entrepreneurial intention, and it is worth noting that from an educational perspective, investigating entrepreneurial intention of tourism students may play a role in the design of tourism curricula. Furthermore, there is a shortage of studies explicating entrepreneurial intention in the Middle East countries. Thus, the current study helps in filling this gap. A sample of undergraduate tourism students in Egypt was surveyed. Results showed that the majority of students have intention to start their own business after graduation. They perceive that lack of entrepreneurial education is their main barrier to entrepreneurship. Implications for educators and governmental bodies and succeeding research directions are highlighted.

THIS IS NATURE SIGNALING THE END OF DUALITY 
THIS IS HUGE - CHANGE THE ENTIRETY OF CREATION - NO DUALITY ANYWHERE.
IT IS VERY CLEARLY A PREDETERMINED ADVANCEMENT OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS - THIS BUBBLE IS TOO WELL DESIGNED - EUPHORIA CANCELS KARMA

The emerge beginning of financial technology or fintech startup was founded by one or several startup founders. How did a startup founder start until the fintech startup was established? This paper is aimed at addressing this problem, which is the beginning of the founding of fintech startups by technopreneurs, the intention behind them to establish a fintech startup. The research method of this paper is a literature review by taking cases from several Indonesian startup fintech companies. Data is taken from various sources, especially from online references. Data analysis from the literature through an investigation of the topics discussed. This study will reveal the behavior history of technopreneurs before establishing his or her business. This paper is a valuable finding for researchers as well as people who are interested in the field of entrepreneurship, technopreneur, and startup, especially the early history and pre-founding behavior of fintech startup from technopreneurs.

This paper review female entrepreneurship and socioeconomic development using the theoretical foundation of the social feminist theory (SFT) versus the theory of need of achievement with entrepreneurs' personality trait and intentions of the geographical perspective of Nigeria. The study adopted a self-administered questionnaire. The data set consists of 360 female entrepreneurs that are engaged in various business in Abia, Kano and Lagos state. These states were considered for the study based on the fact they are Nigeria commercial centres. The convenience sampling technique was employed to distinguish the female entrepreneurs who took part in the survey. The answer received from the questionnaire survey was analysed using Smart PLS due to the exploratory nature of this study, data analysis and interpretation was held out with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The analysis of the responses of respondents revealed that female entrepreneurship positively correlated with socioeconomic development. Explicitly, the personality trait of the female entrepreneurs correlated positively with socioeconomic development. Likewise, the result showed a positive and essential relationship between entrepreneurship intention and business growth. This suggests that the social feminist theory and theory of need of achievement foundation confirm that the female entrepreneurial personality traits and intention significantly affect socioeconomic development and business growth of the geographical areas of the study.

s This study focuses on the intervention of attitude towards entrepreneurship, participation in entrepre-neurial education, perceived behavioral control (PBC) and subjective norm on the relationship between students' grade and individual entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in influencing students' entre-preneurial intention (EI). The paper verifies theory of planned behavior (TPB) explaining a public university students in Malaysia. Empirical evidence was derived from a quantitative approach based on a cross sectional study among 202 students. Hypothesis testing utilizes multiple regression analysis verifing the direct and mediated relationships. The study suggests that students grade, individual EO comprises of proactive personality and risk taking propensity were proven important in explaining attitude towards entrepreneurship, participation in entrepreneurship education, PBC and subjective norm. On the other hand, individual EO, PBC and subjective norm directly explained EI. Subsequently , PBC and subjective norm proved as significant mediators in individual EO and EI relationships. The results shall aid the university management in formulating their curriculum and programs that fit students' priorities in shaping their future undertaking as an entrepreneur. Malaysian public policy regarding higher education should consider some mindset reformation required in higher learning institutions' entrepreneurship curriculum in the country. Annual budget for higher learning institu-tions' entrepreneurship programs shall be allocated accordingly after considering the results of the study.

Pembangunan keusahawanan telah berkembang dari segi kepentingan di Malaysia. Kepentingan keusahawanan kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi Malaysia dibuktikan dengan jumlah dan kepelbagaian polisi dan alatan sokongan yang wujud untuk usahawan, termasuk dana, kemudahan fizikal dan perkhidmatan nasihat perniagaan. Penubuhan sebuah kementerian khas untuk usahawan -Kementerian Pembangunan Usahawan -dalam tahun 1995, jelas menunjukkan kepentingan yang kerajaan letakkan pada isu keusahawanan dan pembangunan keusahawanan. Kementerian ini seharusnya bertindak sebagai agensi utama dalam pembangunan keusahawanan di samping menyusun aktiviti keusahawanan secara umum (Ariff dan Abubakar, 2003) Dinamakan semula sebagai Kementerian Keusahawanan dan Pembangunan Koperasi (MECD) pada tahun 1998, ia sekarang merupakan agensi utama dalam pembangunan keusahawanan dan koperasi. Dengan memberi perhatian khusus kepada pembangunan keusahawanan, Malaysia berusaha menyediakan persekitaran yang sesuai yang akan menggalakkan dan membantu pertumbuhan usahawan yang tulen, progresif, bersemangat 2

This study, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), assesses the impact of entrepreneurship education programs (EEPs) on entrepreneurial intentions of 320 students following entrepreneurship courses at six Iranian universities. Data were collected by a questionnaire before and after completing EEPs. Result indicated that EEPs significantly influence perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. However, no support was found for the effects of EEPs on attitudes toward entrepreneurship and intention. Findings suggest that the TPB could be considered to provide a useful framework to analyze how EEP might influence students' entrepreneurial intentions.

he study investigated gender-role orientation and self-efficacy as correlates of entrepreneurial intentions. A total of 350 participated in the study, comprising of two hundred and six male and one hundred and forty-four female students of Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria. Participants responded to gender-role inventory, self efficacy scale and eentrepreneurial intention questionnaire. It was hypothesised that gender-role orientation and self efficacy will not be significantly related to entrepreneurial intention. Oneway analysis of variance and Pearson correlation statistics were used to analysis the data. The results showed that significant difference existed among the gender-role orientation dimensions F(350)=19.42, P<.01, and self efficacy relates significantly with entrepreneurial intentions, r(350)=0.34,P<.01.The implications of the study were discussed and suggestions provided for further studies.

The study was to assess the entrepreneurial future intention of student in three selected universities. Intention towards entrepreneurship was measured through three dimensions of
entrepreneurship, i.e. family business background, perceived desirability and perceived self efficacy. The sample consisted of 405 graduating class students, from which 135 students from
Hawassa University and 135 students from Dilla University and the remaining 135 students are from Arbaminch University were collected through a questionnaire. The results indicated that there is positive relationship between the dimensions of entrepreneurship and intention towards entrepreneurship among university students. Moreover, the two dimensions of entrepreneurship, i.e. family business background and perceived self-efficacy explain the variation on students’
intention to start a new venture.

This paper examines the level and determinants of interest in entrepreneurship among university undergraduate students in Singapore based on a large sample survey conducted in 1998. Although there have been past studies looking at entrepreneurial interest of students, this study is one of the first comprehensive studies of the attitudes of undergraduates toward entrepreneurship in Asia. While the study finds a high level of interest, inadequate business knowledge and perceived risk are found to be significant deterrents. Moreover, three background factors—gender, family experience with business and educational level—are found to affect entrepreneurial interests, but not family income status, ethnicity and citizenship. Of the significant factors identified, that pertaining to inadequate business knowledge has direct policy implications for university administrators, as it strongly suggests the need to provide students in engineering and science with educational programs that impart business knowledge. Furthermore, the government can also contribute by promoting more awareness of successful entrepreneurial role models, removing bureaucratic impediments to start-ups, and attenuating the social stigma of failure.

This study examined the factors that influence entrepreneurial intention for business start-up among students of Ho Technical University in Ghana. Using the deductive research approach, the correlational study design and the multi-stage sampling method, 260 accounting, management and statistics students were selected to serve as subjects for the study, from a population of 804 students. All 260 students responded to the instrument after several follow-up were made by the researcher, hence a return rate of 100.00%. Data was collected from primary sources with the help of a questionnaire, using the self-administered questionnaire process. Ethical issues were considered. First of all, a pre-test was conducted to ensure validity and reliability of results. Data collection was aided by some of the lecturers in the school and covered a period of five weeks. The data collected were analysed, using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS for windows version 21.  The findings showed that students of Ho Polytechnic have conscious goals of becoming entrepreneurs sooner or later. However, the students did not have a well-functioning support infrastructure to support the start-up of new firms. Further analysis disclosed that the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention for business start-up among students was large and positive. The study concluded that entrepreneurial intention is predicted by personal attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norm, and entrepreneurship education (perceived educational support) in students of Ho Technical University. The study recommends that the management of Ho Technical University, with support from government, should provide a well-functioning support infrastructure to support the start-up of new firms by students.

Employee performance has always been paramount to an organization’s success in today’s business environment. Research has shown that several contextual and behavioural factors within an organization have significant impact on employee performance. It is particularly important to understand which factors are relevant for government employees where key decisions may have political rather than objective criteria. In this study, three factors of change in government offices in the Sultanate of Oman are considered: technological, leadership and organizational structure changes. The effect of these changes on employee performance is investigated and the results are compared to those reported in the literature. The key finding is that in this government employment context, the technology factor has a more significant impact on employee performance than the other two. This is in striking contrast to most reported evidence in the field. The results are discussed and the limitations of the research and future research venues are presented.

This research paper sought to investigate the entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions of students in the faculty of commerce at Great Zimbabwe University using a descriptive research design. The perceived role of education as a predictor of entrepreneurial intention and the influence of contextual factors such as family and social background on students' career choice were further investigated. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect primary data from a sample of 300 respondents purposefully selected.The findings revealed that the majority of students have positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship and hold a positive perceived image towards entrepreneurs and in turn harbour clear and substantial entrepreneurial intentions after graduating. The study also revealed that the introduction of entrepreneurship education in the university curriculum has increased students' awareness and interest in undertaking entrepreneurship as a career whilst the influence of the family background and one's socialization has been noted as being moderately significant in shaping students entrepreneurial intentions.

This feasibility study on palm oil distribution in Cross River State is my original research and it is based on the survey and thorough research made by Anaba, Sylvester Anani. The business will be a sole entrepreneurship business, wholly owned by Anaba, Sylvester Anani.
From the research carried out, it was discovered that the demand for palm oil in Cross River State is not fully satisfied; though there are existing palm oil distributing outlets in the state, but oil is supplied on a small scale by petty traders.
Premium upon the supply gap, and the high demand for palm oil in Cross River State, I decided to bridge the gap by venturing into this business so as to meet the high demand of palm oil in Cross River State.
The legal requirement for this business such as local government revenue tax, business premises, vigilante and other requirements had been considered, and will be complied to.
This business will provide employment opportunity for at least fifty people. More so, the problem of scarcity and high cost of palm oil in Cross River State will be a thing of the past.

The aim of this paper is to qualitatively investigate the entrepreneurial intention and antecedents to start-up business and self-employment by using the theoretical framework provided by Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The study uses two phases of face-to-face semi-structured interview. In the first phase, a purposive sampling of non-probability sampling technique was used to select 20 business students. The second phase was a post-hoc, qualitative investigation of the motivations to start up business of young Vietnamese entrepreneurs. The results

The study related to the intention to be entrepreneur among Politeknik Sultan Haji
Ahmad Shah (POLISAS) students and can be explained by Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of
Planned Behavior. For this reason, this study firstly indicated the influence of
psychological characteristics on entrepreneurial intention. Another part of this study is
to point out the effect of psychological characteristics on attitudinal factors as well as
the effect of attitudinal factors on entrepreneurial intention. The data were surveyed and gathered from final year diploma students of two fields of study (engineering, commerce) offered by POLISAS. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents but only 88 questionnaires were used in the statistical analyses. The results indicated that the hypothesized linkage between psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intention was fully supported. The study also found that the hypothesized linkage between psychological characteristics and attitudinal factors were partially supported. Implications and limitations of the findings are specified. Finally, the findings of this study are suggested for future study.

Purpose- This study focuses on the factors influencing students’ choice of selecting entrepreneurship as their career after graduation. The paper aims to gain more understanding of how personality traits,
entrepreneurship knowledge-experience and current economic environment affect entrepreneurial career among polytechnic students in Malaysia.
Design/methodology/approach- A theoretical framework based on a literature review is developed. Empirical results were derived from a quantitative approach based on survey method and a cross sectional
study. Hypothesis testing were executed where multiple regression analysis utilized to verify the direct relationship between independent variables and dependent variables.
Findings- Personality traits and favorable economic environment were proven important in explaining students intention to choose entrepreneurial career as their career choice after they graduated from
study.
Research Implications- The results shall aid polytechnics management in formulating their curriculum and programs that fit students’ priorities that they shall choose their future undertaking as an entrepreneur. Malaysian public policy regarding higher education should consider some changes required in higher learning institutions in the country. Annual budget and higher learning institutions entrepreneurship programs shall be revised accordingly after considering the results of the study.
Originality/value- Entrepreneurial intention inquiries in Malaysian institutions have been very limited and an established framework need more serious efforts. This study contributes to entrepreneurial
intention body of knowledge.

Entrepreneurial intentions are considered as more accurate predictors of entrepreneurial behavior. Understanding entrepreneurial intentions will enable the researchers to investigate the dynamics of entrepreneurial venture creation process. However, the controversial findings on the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions and the focus on the isolated variables without a theoretical rationale triggered this study to question what antecedents would predict the entrepreneurial intention of undergraduates. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention of undergraduates. Accordingly, a sample of 209 undergraduates from Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka was studied by using a structured questionnaire on entrepreneurial intention, perceived desirability, perceived social norms and perceived feasibility. The results of the Binary Logistic Regression employed in order of achieving the objective of this study confirms that higher the perceived desirability and perceived feasibility higher the likelihood of entrepreneurial intention. Further, there was no adequate statistical evidence to support a significant predicting capacity of perceived social norms.

The purpose of the present study is to measure the entrepreneurial competences of primary school students in Greece and to examine their potential in becoming entrepreneurs in the future. The study used official data from 358 students of Primary Schools in the prefecture of Western Macedonia in Greece. The analysis was focused on the measurement of student’s entrepreneurial competences by measuring their cognitive entrepreneurial skills (Knowledge) and their non cognitive entrepreneurial skills (attitudes and skills) and also their willingness to become entrepreneurs. Results show the 51.6% of the students are not negative for an entrepreneurial initiative in the future. Also, students have developed a good level of knowledge in the entrepreneurial field answering correctly more than half of the cognitive questions (54.75%). Concerning the non cognitive skills, the skills of Pro-activity, Persistence, Need for Achievement, Social Orientation, Motivating, Self Efficacy and Analyzing ...

attempted to understand the role of entrepreneurship education in the formation of students' entrepreneurial intention and behavior, albeit in an isolated manner. Universities can support entrepreneurship in many ways, but it is important to measure students' perception 1 Saadat Saeed is an active researcher in the area of technology adoption and entrepreneurship. He has Master of Science in Management (University of Glasgow, UK), Statistics (University of Punjab, Pakistan) and Business Administration (COMSATS, Pakistan). Currently he is a PhD Scholar in Management History. of the support that they receive in order to understand the extent of such support and its impact on students. The current study proposed and tested an integrative, multi-perspective framework. We have hypothesized that the three dimensions of university support, that is, perceived educational support, concept development support, and business development support, together with institutional support shape students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In turn, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and individual motivations constitute the fundamental elements of the intention to start a business. A sample of 805 university students took part in the study and data were analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Our findings showed that perceived educational support exerted the highest influence on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, followed by concept development support, business development support and institutional support. Self-efficacy in turn had a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Individual motivations such as self-realization, recognition and role had an additional impact on intention. However, intention was not related to financial success, innovation and independence. The findings suggest that a holistic perspective provides a more meaningful understanding of the role of perceived university support in the formation of students' entrepreneurial intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Today entrepreneurship is widely recognized as an engine for economic growth and prosperity. In this connection, diverting intention of an individual towards entrepreneurship is essential for every economy. To take into account, the purpose of this study to identify factors that may influence on student's intention towards entrepreneurship. This is conceptualized with the support of Entrepreneurial Event Model (EEM). This study proposes quantitative methodology in which cross-sectional data is randomly collected from various public sector universities of Thailand through a survey questionnaire by using SurveyMonkey. The respondents were graduate and master students. After cleaning the data, 304 samples were used for the final usage. The response rate was 53 %. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) were applied for the data analysis. The results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) show that there is a positive and significant relationship of perceived feasibility and perceived desirability with entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, there is non-significant relationship between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. This study may be beneficial for policy makers to formulate the policies regarding the promotion of entrepreneurship because the mind of people is promptly heading towards entrepreneurship. Furthermore, it may contribute in the domain literature of entrepreneurship and particularly for developing

The success of entrepreneurship education programs remains unanswered if it is associated with some students who have decided to launch and pursue a business venture. It is important to know the intentions of a nascent entrepreneur to start up the business ventures persistently if experts and policy makers' attentions are drawn on how to arouse interest in starting a business. Quantitative approached was used in this research to examine the influence of entrepreneurship education, social norms and self-efficacy on intentions to pursue business ventures by adopting Linan model of intention-behavior. The model was addressed to the students who participated in entrepreneurship education program during the mid of study in Bina Nusantara University. Last, the result is in line with Linan model.