Boundary

Cadre général et problématique Depuis les années soixante, et surtout depuis la signature en 1978 du Traité de coopération amazonienne (TCA), la politique des pays amazoniens a oscillé entre la coopération dans le cadre d'accords bi-ou multinationaux d'intégration frontalière et les exigences de souveraineté et de sécurité nationales (renforcement de l'État aux frontières). Ces deux attitudes divergentes soulignent les difficultés d'application d'une politique de développement conjuguant les idées d'intégration et de souveraineté. Les pays concernés hésitent en effet à s'engager ouvertement dans ce type de coopération au regard des fortes tensions qui subsistent encore entre États voisins. Dans un tel contexte, l'occupation des espaces frontaliers (concept de « frontières vivantes ») reste un impératif stratégique majeur pour tous ces pays [Rivière d'Arc, 1981]. Conçu à l'origine pour contrer les velléités d'internationalisation de l'Amazonie, le TCA vise en effet à renforcer le développement des régions frontalières en vue de leur intégration future au sein d'un « grand ensemble régional amazonien ». Sa mise à exécution a vu la création de plusieurs commissions mixtes de coopération interfrontalière entre le Pérou, la Colombie et le Brésil, pour en rester aux trois pays qui nous intéressent dans cette étude. La revue Allpanchis [1995] s'est fait l'écho des projets interfrontaliers entre le Pérou et le Brésil, pays qui partagent près de 3 000 kilomètres de frontière commune. De leur côté, la Colombie et le Pérou ont signé en 1988 un Plan binational pour le développement intégral du bassin du Putumayo, région relativement isolée d'environ 160 000 kilomètres carrés entre le Caquetá et l'Amazone. Tout récemment, le Pérou et l'Équateur viennent de mettre fin à un litige frontalier vieux de plus d'un demi-siècle. Malgré les violentes protestations des autorités régionales du Loreto accusant le gouvernement péruvien de « brader » les intérêts nationaux (relance de la thèse souverainiste), un accord de paix entre les deux pays a finalement pu être trouvé, octroyant notamment à l'Équateur un accès fluvial au bassin de l'Amazone. Dans le cadre de cet accord, un programme binational de développement frontalier est également prévu. Lorsqu'elles seront pleinement appliquées (si tant est qu'elles le

In contemporary sociology, there has been significant interest in the idea of mobility, the decline of the nation state, the rise of flexible citizenship, and the porous quality of political boundaries. There is much talk of medicine without borders and sociology without borders. These social developments are obviously linked to the processes of globalization, leading some to argue that we need a `sociology beyond society' in order to account for these flows and global networks. In this article, I propose an alternative analysis. There are important developments involving the securitization of modern societies that create significant forms of immobility. One striking illustration is the increasing use of walls to quarantine or secure territories and communities against outsiders or to regulate the flow of migrants in Israel, in Europe and along the Mexican-US border. Modern societies are in particular characterized by a deep contradiction between the economic need for labour mob...

Most ecologists are comfortable with the notion of habitats as recognizable entities and also with situations where the junction between two adjacent habitats forms a discrete edge. Such edges form naturally because of sharp changes in important edaphic, geomorphological, climatic or chemical properties to which plants, in particular, respond. Less clear is the effect of such edges on assemblages of mobile organisms, especially invertebrates that operate at relatively small spatial scales. The objective of the present study was to sample invertebrate composition across a natural edge between a well-developed riparian habitat on fluvial sands and a saltbush habitat developed on a stony gibber plain in a semi-arid region of New South Wales, Australia. A total of 150 pitfall traps on five 1-km-long transects that straddled the edge produced more than 13 000 adult specimens from 21 ordinal invertebrate taxa. A total of 10 446 beetle, ant, wasp, fly and springtail specimens were further sorted into 426 morphospecies. Comparisons and estimates of trends in abundance and richness were made, along with computation of multivariate dissimilarity and permutation statistics, to determine if the land system edge was coincident with changes in invertebrate abundance and composition. These analyses were unable to detect disjunctions in diversity coincident with the edge. The data suggest that many taxa are either present consistently in both habitats or are mostly found in one habitat but 'leak' several hundred metres across into the other. Few taxa were unique to either habitat. The result is that assemblage composition for invertebrates changes gradually over distances of up to 400 m either side of the edge and that the distance to a recognizable change in composition is taxon dependent. Even sharp habitat edges, as defined by discrete changes in soils and plants, are not edges but broad transition zones for many invertebrate taxa. There are several implications of these results, especially for landscape ecology.

This paper is a product of the World Bank Group. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors or the governments they represent. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank Group encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.

Even seasoned observers of academic fashions may feel giddy noticing the rise of something called the" New Historicism," especially as we had just grown accustomed to pronouncements-whether celebratory or derogatory-that there was no getting" beyond formalism." Like any label for a movement in criticism," New Historicism" serves more as an indicator of associated tendencies than as the proper name for a specific or coherent school. Thus in accord with the accounts of Brook Thomas and David Simpson, I will use" new ...

Spanish and American colonisers ascribed the identity 'Igorot' to the peoples of the northern Philippine mountains, positioning them in the 'tribal slot' , after Trouillot 1991, somewhere between ordinary Philippine peasants and 'backward' primitives. From this marginal position, contemporary Igorot communities have been comparatively successful in formalising their entitlements to land and resources in their dealings with the Philippine state.

... I would like to thank Bainard Cowan for checking my translations. ... We could begin with the rise of Jean-Marie Le Pen to political prominence as the leader of the xeno-phobic National Front and with the trial of Klaus Barbie and the shameful conduct of his defense lawyer ...

A pre-requisite in slope stability analyses is that the internal structure and the mechanical properties of the soil or rock mass of the slope, are known or can be estimated with a reasonable degree of certainty. Geophysical methods to determine the internal structure of a soil or rock mass may be used for this purpose. Various geophysical methods and their merits for slope stability analyses are discussed. Seismic methods are often the most suitable because the measurements depend on the mechanical properties that are also important in the mechanical calculation of slope stability
analyses. Other geophysical methods, such as electromagnetic, electric resistivity, self-potential, and gravity methods, may be useful to determine the internal structure, but require a correlation of found boundaries with mechanical properties.

The purpose of this plan to get wall reinforcement, it's longitudinal reinforcement, transversal reinforcement, and boundary component reinforcement.The design of shear wall elevator / core lift on the 10-story office building, its using Moment Resisting Frame Systems and the walls are designed for axial loads and bending loads. Height of the wall from the base to the LMR roof is 40,80 meters with 6,50 meter of the longest panel segment. This core is used for elevators 3 cars as vertical transportation.The earthquake method uses Static Equivalent and Dynamic Response Spectrum. Wall reinforcement is divided into 4 sections: ground floor, 2 nd -3 rd floor, 4 th -8 th floor, and roof -LMR roof floor (the typical high). The method based on rules SNI 03-2847-2002 for wall structure and SNI 03-1726-2012 for earthquake analysis. The results for longitudinal reinforcement is using D10 -200 in the area of non-boundary, D10 -100 in boundary area and transversal reinforcement is using D10 -200 in the area of non-boundary and D10 -100 in boundary areas, except 2 nd -3 rd floor, using D10 -100 for all of transversal reinforcements. ABSTRAK:Tujuan dari perancangan ini adalah untuk mendapatkan penulangan dinding, yaitu penulangan longitudinal, sengkang transversal, dan penulangan komponen batas. Perancangan dinding geser elevator/core lift pada gedung perkantoran 10 lantai ini menggunakan Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen dimana dinding dirancang untuk menahan beban aksial dan lentur. Ketinggian dinding dari dasar sampai atap LMR adalah 40,80 meter dengan segmen panel terpanjang 6,50 meter. Core ini digunakan untuk elevator 3 kabin sebagai transportasi vertikal. Metode gempa rencana menggunakan Statik Ekivalen dan Dinamik Respons Spektrum. Metode penulangan dinding dibagi ke dalam 4 bagian lantai yaitu ground, lantai 2-3, lantai 4-8, dan lantai atap-atap LMR sesuai tinggi tipikal. Metode yang digunakan mengacu pada peraturan SNI 03-2847-2002 untuk struktur dinding dan SNI 03-1726-2012 untuk analisis gempa rencana. Hasil penulangan untuk longitudinal menggunakan D10 -200 pada area non-boundary dan D10 -100 pada area boundary serta sengkang D10 -200 pada area non-boundary dan D10 -100 pada area boundary, kecuali untuk lantai 2 -3 semua sengkang D10 -100.

Freire, and the Russian literary critic and philosopher, Mikhail Bakhtin. While there are commonalities in their understanding of dialogue, they differ in their treatment of dialectic.This paper addresses commonalities and dissonances within a Bakhtin-Freire dialogue on the notions of dialogue and dialectic. It then teases out some of the implications for education theory and practice in relation to two South African contexts of learning that facilitate the access to education of disadvantaged groups, one in higher education and the other in early childhood education.

This paper presents a study of the roji, a form of Japanese urban alleyway, which was once part of people's personal spatial sphere and everyday life, but has increasingly been transformed by diverse and competing interests. Marginalized through the emergence of new forms of housing and public spaces and re-appropriated by different fields, the social meaning attached to the roji is being re-interpreted by individuals, subcultures and new social movements to fit hybrid and multiple concepts of living and lifestyles. Focusing on the case of Tsukuda-Tsukishima in central Tokyo and drawing on ethnographic data supported by a conceptual framework derived from theories of place and place-attachment, this paper investigates the kind of functions the roji fulfilled in the city in the past, and the qualities of urban life that have been lost or changed as the alleyway has ceased to be an everyday part of the urban landscape. Providing multiple narratives of change, the paper's main purpose is to critically reflect on the potential of the recovery of the Japanese urban alleyway roji, arguing that the interstitial place of the roji can be characterized as a boundary between past and present (lifestyles), which is valuable space as it is desired and needed to express local voices, thoughts and personal opinions about urban change. In this sense, it continues to exist as imaginary, having a shared or social presence as mental space and an alternative landscape of reminiscence.

La constitution de l'Indochine française est passée par la conquête du Vietnam, la mise sous protectorat du Cambodge, et la cession du Laos, mais aussi par l'intégration des hautes terres du centre de la péninsule. Celles-ci appartiennent à l'espace que James Scott a baptisé Zomia, une bande de terres d'altitude allant du Vietnam au Nord-Est de l'Inde à travers l'Asie du Sud-Est continentale et le Sud-Ouest de la Chine, qui constitue une zone de refuge pour les populations qui se maintiennent en dehors du contrôle des Etats 1 . Elles échappaient à toute administration avant l'arrivée des Français. Le processus d'assujettissement de ces territoires formant jusqu'alors une bulle entre Vietnam, Cambodge et Siam a dû passer par l'établissement de frontières 2 . La question s'est alors posée des critères, essentiellement naturels ou ethniques, pour tracer les frontières entre les différentes possessions françaises en Indochine. C'est ainsi que l'administration coloniale a dû fixer le sort des Jarai vivant dans les hautes terres du sud de l'Indochine, aux confins du Cambodge, de l'Annam et du Laos.

The zombie has been one of the most prevalent monsters in films of the second half of the twentieth century, and as many have noted, it has experienced a further resurgence (or should we say, resurrection) in British and American film in the last five years. Zombies are found everywhere, from video games and comic books to the science textbook. The zombie We wish to thank the following persons for their invaluable input and support:

Kibadachi is a rather simple karate exercise performed during a several-day-long special training, in which the participants squat in a crouching position for an hour and a half without moving. Despite its simplicity, and because its main feature is the immediate and excruciating pain it induces, kibadachi stimulates a kind of permeability between the participants, and also causes changes in the relations between physical and mental parts of their lived body. Following Deleuze and Guattari, kibadachi, and its capacity to dissolve boundaries, is analysed here as a way of becoming a Body without Organs. The participants of kibadachi enter social and somatic dynamics which operate potentiality hidden in their lived bodies, alter boundaries, and reinforce connectedness.Kibadachi is a rather simple karate exercise performed during a several-day-long special training, in which the participants squat in a crouching position for an hour and a half without moving. Despite its simplicity, and because its main feature is the immediate and excruciating pain it induces, kibadachi stimulates a kind of permeability between the participants, and also causes changes in the relations between physical and mental parts of their lived body. Following Deleuze and Guattari, kibadachi, and its capacity to dissolve boundaries, is analysed here as a way of becoming a Body without Organs. The participants of kibadachi enter social and somatic dynamics which operate potentiality hidden in their lived bodies, alter boundaries, and reinforce connectedness.RésuméLe kibadachi est un exercice de karaté relativement simple, exécuté au cours d'un entraînement spécial de plusieurs jours, lors duquel les participants se tiennent accroupis pendant une heure et demie sans bouger. En dépit de sa simplicité, et parce que sa principale caractéristique est la douleur immédiate et cuisante qu'il provoque, le kibadachi suscite une sorte de perméabilité entre les participants et provoque aussi des changements dans les relations entre les parties physique et mentale de leur corps vécu. Dans l'esprit de Deleuze et Guattari, le kibadachi et sa capacité d'abolir les frontières sont analysés ici comme un moyen de devenir un Corps sans Organes. Les participants au kibadachi s'engagent dans des dynamiques sociales et somatiques qui opèrent sur les potentialités cachées dans leurs corps vécus, modifient les frontières, et renforcent les liens aux autres.Le kibadachi est un exercice de karaté relativement simple, exécuté au cours d'un entraînement spécial de plusieurs jours, lors duquel les participants se tiennent accroupis pendant une heure et demie sans bouger. En dépit de sa simplicité, et parce que sa principale caractéristique est la douleur immédiate et cuisante qu'il provoque, le kibadachi suscite une sorte de perméabilité entre les participants et provoque aussi des changements dans les relations entre les parties physique et mentale de leur corps vécu. Dans l'esprit de Deleuze et Guattari, le kibadachi et sa capacité d'abolir les frontières sont analysés ici comme un moyen de devenir un Corps sans Organes. Les participants au kibadachi s'engagent dans des dynamiques sociales et somatiques qui opèrent sur les potentialités cachées dans leurs corps vécus, modifient les frontières, et renforcent les liens aux autres.

Grain boundaries play an important role in determining the mechanical properties of metallic materials. The impedance of dislocation motion at the boundary results in a strengthening mechanism. In addition, dislocations can pile-up, be transmitted or be absorbed by the grain boundaries based on the local stress state and grain boundary character. In this study, a dislocation density based crystal plasticity finite element model is applied to incorporate the interaction between the dislocations and the grain boundaries, and a simulation is conducted on polycrystalline alpha iron deformed to 12% in uniaxial tension. The results indicate that the geometrically necessary dislocation density is generally higher near the grain boundary than within the grain interior. Taylor factor mismatch sometimes reveals strong localization effects near the grain boundaries.

Williams understands lack in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, neither as a barrier to political recognition nor as the means of its deconstruction, but as a term that is inherent in definitions of masculinity.-Kevin Arnold, "Masculinity and Fantasy in Postwar American Literature" From its founding, psychoanalysis has appropriated terminology and subject matter from drama. Sigmund Freud obsessively borrowed characters, scenes, lines, and tropes from Hamlet, Oedipus, Ion, Antigone, Othello, and King Lear and recast them as striking anticipations of his most elusive theoretical scenarios. Freud also contributed dramatis personae, attitudes, and speech acts-ego-ideal, narcissism, defensive reaction, repression transference-to the dramatist's craft. Examples abound of dramatists who have incorporated sundry psychoanalytic processes within their productions. In his case study of the character he assigned the stage name "Wolf Man," Freud invented the term primal scene to explain an event boundary 2

This qualitative study used grounded theory methodology to explore the experiences of 30 self-employed, home-based workers in Canada. Using boundary and work–family border theories as central theoretical constructs, this research examined the extent to which workers used boundaries to manage work and family, the nature of these boundaries, and how they were negotiated by the workers and their families. The results indicated that self-employed, home-based workers used both conceptual and physical barriers to create and manage the boundaries between home and work and that these boundaries were reinforced by rules. Gender differences and similarities were observed in the ways that boundaries were constructed and managed. Based on these observations, several areas for further investigation are proposed.

This article describes the manner in which the shrines of a popular childbirth affliction-related goddess known as the Satvai determine notions about the traditional settlement patterns prevalent in rural Western Maharashtra since medieval times. Even in modern times, the shrines and rituals of the Satvai are strongly territorial in nature and divide the rural landscape on the basis of various descriptive levels, forming a pattern within which settlements and habitations are typically and traditionally organized. The cult of the Satvai forms the ideological basis for the continuation of this pattern, which is subjected to anthropological and historical analysis. The article attempts to describe this territorial spread of the Satvai, dividing her sphere of influence in terms of a hypothetical pyramid with four rungs that pertain to regional localities that are contained within each other and are owned and inherited by clans from higher castes through control over the birth of their children, helped by lower caste healers.

Planktic microfossils arguably provide the most complete (stratigraphic and taxonomic) record of biodiversity of any group of organisms. The phytoplankton record is of particular significance as it most likely tracks global changes in the climate-ocean system and, in turn, influenced biodiversity and productivity of higher trophic levels of the biosphere. Coccolithophores and associated calcareous nannoplankton first appear in the fossil record in Upper Triassic sediments (~225 Ma) and, despite significant extinctions at the Triassic/Jurassic boundary, the Mesozoic diversity record is one of relatively uniform increase punctuated by short periods of turnover and decline. Rates of speciation that are significantly above background were restricted to the Late Triassic, Early Jurassic and Tithonian-Berriasian intervals. Enhanced rates of extinction occurred at the Triassic/Jurassic, Jurassic/Cretaceous and Cretaceous/Tertiary boundaries.

... Lynda D. McNeil ... Cyrus Hamlin, who hopes to revise our notions of Romantic theory and poetry in the light of Ricoeur's concept of "living meta-phor," discusses the metaphoric relationship between the temporal experience of the subjective self in Romantic poetry and the ...

Calcareous nannoplankton evolution and diversity through time Paul R. BOWN', Jackie A. LEES and Jeremy R. YOUNG" i Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, England, p. bown@ ucl. ac. uk, j. lees@ ucl. ac. uk 2 ...

En este trabajo se analiza el proceso de construcción social de los espacios de acción femenina para detectar algunos de los mecanismos de control que regulan el tránsito de las mujeres migrantes entre el espacio doméstico y diferentes esferas extradomésticas. El tema es abordado desde la doble perspectiva del género y la etnicidad para enfocar la constitución de los espacios doméstico, laboral y político de mujeres indígenas migrantes en la frontera de California y Baja California. Se presenta y discute material procedente de relatos biográficos y observación participante con una reflexión de carácter metodológico, teórico y empírico.

Generalization of the measure of returns-to-scale from a single number to an interval permits extension of the concept to DEA data domains with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. The key new approach is a partition of the optimal frontier into three parts corresponding, respectively to increasing, constant, and decreasing returns to scale. These parts are characterized in terms of optimal primal solutions, and optimal dual solutions for both the original Charnes, Cooper, Rhodes model (1978) and the later Banker, Charnes, Cooper model (1984) and relying on concepts developed by R.D. Banker .