Asteroides

For decades the evolutionary biology has made efforts to understand the meaning of "species" and explain the training process. Currently, there are over twenty different concepts of species. The use of different concepts leads to improper and misleading comparisons. On the other hand, catastrophic biologists for decades used the term "type" or "group" for what they consider categories of organisms not genetically related. Thus, each of the various categories of species, subspecies and varieties seen today were designed to diversify a basic common ancestor type. Morphological patterns around the genus taxon was identified with ancestral fossils buried in a catastrophic recent basic; this model tells us a story of a period of: 1) rapid speciation, 2) stay with high number of species in a stable environment (fossil replay without environmental evolutionary pressures), 3) disaster followed by massive burial of population alive evidenced by the repetition of the same fossil species (which detracts punctuality), 4) presence of several different species together in the fossil record, lots of vertebrate fossils (which features disaster of great magnitude and high rates of sedimentation), and 5) drastic environmental changes causing radiation of species in samples of recent layers and in millions of species in the current biodiversity.

Twenty-three solar system minor bodies were measured photometrically between 2005 February and 2011 July using robotic telescopes in North America, Europe, and Australia. From the data obtained we determine for these objects their basic physical proprieties, such as Johnson-Cousins BVRI colors, H-G parameters, diameters, and a Tholen taxonomic classification. We found that 70% of our near-Earth asteroid sample belong to S-, Q-, X-, and C-complexes; 2009 BH81 may be a candidate to a new A type asteroid; 2010 RF12 is an S-type and it has absolute magnitude H = 28.46 ± 0.05, G = 0.31 ± 0.06 and D = 6 ± 1 m; the possible dust envelope around (596)Scheila and P/2010 A2 have similar colors.