Archeology of Architecture Research Papers

Abstract: In the field of "Architectural Restoration", diagnostic studies correspond to a set of technical studies to analyze structures and mortar elements in order to assess degenerative processes. If carried out in multidisciplinary... more

Abstract:
In the field of "Architectural Restoration", diagnostic studies correspond to a set of technical studies to analyze structures and mortar elements in order to assess degenerative processes. If carried out in multidisciplinary perspective, beyond the information on the state of conservation of materials data, can provide the recognition of temporal stratifications undocumented conventionally, contributing to knowledge about "History of the Technique and the Construction". This Master Research in development adopts investigation systems from "Archaeology of Architecture" to study historic buildings, experimentally applying the "Harris matrix", which allows the establishment of constructive timelines, supporting project decisions. The method allows to identify and to order constructive stages through the differentiation of the so called "Stratigraphic units". We exemplify its operability in Architecture analyzing an important foundry in rail yard of Campinas, the "Lidgerwood Manufacturing Company". We expect to contribute to the investigation of the potential for recognition of complex chronological stratification offered by the "Harris matrix”, especially in relation to the representation of the architectural three-dimensionality.

Resumo:
No campo da “Restauração Arquitetônica”, exames diagnósticos correspondem ao conjunto de estudos técnicos para analisar estruturas e paramentos murários com o objetivo de avaliar processos degenerativos. Se realizados em perspectiva multidisciplinar, além dos dados informativos sobre o estado de conservação dos materiais, podem propiciar o reconhecimento estratificações temporais não documentadas convencionalmente, contribuindo para o conhecimento sobre “História da Técnica e da Construção”. Esta pesquisa de Mestrado em desenvolvimento adota sistemas de investigação da “Arqueologia da Arquitetura” para estudar edifícios históricos, aplicando experimentalmente o “método Harris”, que possibilita o estabelecimento de cronologias construtivas, apoiando decisões de projeto. O método permite identificar e ordenar fases construtivas por meio da diferenciação das chamadas “Unidades estratigráficas”. Exemplificamos sua operacionalidade em Arquitetura analisando uma importante fundição no pátio ferroviário de Campinas, a “Lidgerwood Manufacturing Company”. Espera-se contribuir na investigação do potencial para reconhecimento cronológico de estratificações complexas oferecido pelo “método Harris”, sobretudo em relação à representação da tridimensionalidade arquitetônica.

La présente contribution vise à préciser les aspects géographiques et chronologiques liés à l’apparition, au développement et au déclin d’un type de construction en pierre sèche localement appelée « torre ». Ces édifices monumentaux, qui... more

A book on early Dominican architecture in Cracow, from the founding of the Holy Trinity convent (1222) to the 20s of the 14th century. Due to the large scale of archaeological and architectural research carried out in the Dominican church... more

Ogni realtà architettonica, è espressione dell’ambiente socio-economico in cui è stata concepita e ogni suo elemento riflette la volontà generatrice del sostrato culturale locale. Partendo da questo assunto, il presente volume affronta,... more

Ogni realtà architettonica, è espressione dell’ambiente socio-economico in cui è stata concepita e ogni suo elemento riflette la volontà generatrice del sostrato culturale locale. Partendo da questo assunto, il presente volume affronta, mediante l’uso di nuovi strumenti di ricerca propri dell’archeologia del costruito, lo sviluppo delle architetture fortificate e dei contesti urbani nella “Lunigiana Storica”, sub-regione culturale collocata tra Toscana e Liguria, durante il medioevo. L’autore analizza in particolare il fenomeno della signoria dei vescovi di Luni, grande forza economica promotrice ed artefice dell’incastellamento e dell’organizzazione rurale della diocesi tra X e XIV secolo. Lo studio degli edifici storici, oggetto di questa ricerca, è affrontato mediante una strategia metodologica multidisciplinare costruita sull'impiego combinato di indagini proprie dell’archeologia e dell’edilizia storica quali l’analisi stratigrafica, tecnologica e crono-tipologica degli elevati, e i più recenti strumenti di rilievo fotogrammetrico e la ricostruzione tridimensionale.

Local architectural heritage is an expression of a long-lasting circle of traditions and oral knowledge fostered from one generation to another and revealed through simple or complex architectural realities. It is also a manifestation of economic and social impact on the landscape. Given this assumption, this volume, by means of new building archaeology research approaches, debates the development and the organisation of the fortified architectures, settlements and centres during the medieval age in the historical area of Luni (Lunigiana), a sub-cultural region that stands between Tuscany and Liguria (Italy). The author portrays a complete and summarized picture of the development of the power of the bishopric in the Luni area, promoter of the seigniorial territorialization and castle-building, between the 10th and 14th centuries. The study of the historical architectures adopts a multifaceted methodology that combines building archaeology such as wall stratigraphic relationships, building phases, type-chronology of the architectural elements, and masonry techniques analysis together with more recent dense image modeling and 3D reconstruction techniques

Num contexto cada vez mais actual de uma prática arquitectónica que se baseia no restauro e reabilitação do edificado, a análise estratigráfica apresenta-se como uma metodologia de trabalho indispensável mas ainda desconhecida em muitos... more

The study focuses on the spread of the brick decoration in the late-medieval architecture of Chierese and Alto Astigiano land. The survey covered an area of 500 sq km and identified 37 defensive, civil and religious buildings in 17 towns.... more

The study focuses on the spread of the brick decoration in the late-medieval architecture of Chierese and Alto Astigiano land. The survey covered an area of 500 sq km and identified 37 defensive, civil and religious buildings in 17 towns. Of each building, settlement context, type, structural and formal evolution were analyzed, with special emphasis on the various repertoire of terracotta decorative elements and plaques (XIII-XV centuries). The work was closely linked to a computerized filing: in a large database specific data were merged for each record, accompanied by extensive graphic documentation on both architectures and their decoration. The classification of the decorative patterns is planned according to typological criteria in order to facilitate comparisons and define history and evolution. The graphic set, ranging from the relief of a single plaque to the representation of whole facades, is designed to provide the widest recording on their features. The research has revealed a number of evolutionary processes: starting from religious buildings, decorative patterns spread to defensive architectures, first in schematic and linear forms (the overfired brick diapering, linear frames etc.), and then, from fifthteenth century on, in the appearance in civil architecture of impressive decorations assembled on the basis of a rich repertoire of figurative molded plaques. The so-called "civilization of baked clay" centered around Chieri is found not to be apart from the artistic and cultural milieu of Northern Italy: close ties to the Lombard environment emerge, from which it draws building features and decorative patterns. Moreover, it shows to share ferments of renewal with the Gothic style flourishing beyond the Alps, due to contacts of the Chierese élites with the refined courts of Burgundy and Flanders. The surveyed repertory showed how Chieri and its land shared an international context, maintaining at the same time a marked originality in many of its achievements.

Il contributo analizza il rapporto tra il Comune di Genova e le maestranze specializzate di costruttori e lavoratori della pietra durante la fase di maggiore espansione territoriale nella Liguria occidentale. Questi ultimi, noti nella... more

The thesis analyzes the contribution of the buildings built for the World’s Fairs to the history of architecture structural typologies, defining these contributions, their importance and the fields where they're acknowledged, supporting... more

The thesis analyzes the contribution of the buildings built for the World’s Fairs to the history of architecture structural typologies, defining these contributions, their importance and the fields where they're acknowledged, supporting the fact that these events have been Structural Experimentation Laboratories. The work focuses on typological and design aspects, ranging the period from the first World Fair held in 1851 to the year 2000. Numerous historical relations are established between Exhibition buildings and others besides these events, either precedents or sequels. This method places exhibition buildings in the technological context of their time and therefore proves justice to its value. The thesis not only aims to technical issues but also relates the structures of exhibition buildings to the different architectural trends based on technological exaltation or structural fantasy, taking also into account the main historical events in western world during the studied period. Additionally, there are many references to other un-built projects that took part in the several design competitions for these exhibitions that help to build up the idea of World’s Fairs as creative catalysts. The thorough documentary work and the rigorous analysis of all these documents delivers justice to the value of these buildings, otherwise in marginal consideration, and helps detect mistakes in classical publications on history of modern architecture. Also, this thesis reveals many written and graphic documents unpublished in contemporary editions.

La tesis analiza la aportación que han supuesto las estructuras de los edificios construidos con motivo de las Exposiciones Universales a la historia de las tipologías estructurales de edificación, determinando cuales han sido estas aportaciones, en que campos se han producido y su trascendencia histórica, fundamentando documentalmente el carácter de Laboratorio de Experimentación de Estructuras que han constituido estos acontecimientos. El trabajo se centra fundamentalmente en aspectos tipológicos y de diseño estructural, abarcando el período histórico comprendido entre la primera Exposición Universal, celebrada en 1851, y el año 2000. Se establecen relaciones históricas entre los edificios expositivos y otros ajenos a estos eventos, que han constituido antecedentes y secuelas de los mismos, metodología que permite el engranaje del edificio de exposición en el contexto tecnológico de cada época y, por tanto, su justa puesta en valor. La tesis no se centra únicamente en aspectos técnicos sino que también establece múltiples relaciones entre las estructuras de los edificios expositivos y determinadas corrientes arquitectónicas basadas en la exaltación tecnológica o en la fantasía estructural, valorando además la influencia de los principales acontecimientos del devenir histórico general del mundo Occidental en el período estudiado. Asimismo, se realizan numerosas referencias a proyectos no construidos, permitiendo apuntalar la idea de la Exposición Universal como catalizador de la creatividad estructural. El trabajo documental realizado y el análisis riguroso de dicha documentación han permitido poner en su justo valor algunos pabellones expositivos que han permanecido en una situación histórica marginal. La tesis saca a la luz abundante documentación tanto gráfica como escrita inédita en publicaciones contemporáneas.

This thesis is avaliable in hight resolución .pdf on the following links:
Esta tesis está disponible en .pdf de alta resolución en los siguientes enlaces:
http://openarchive.icomos.org/1705/
http://hdl.handle.net/2183/16523

Of High Middle Ages origins, the Castle of Leiria has undergone different structural changes, mostly striving to adapt to the military defense evolutions. In the present study, the military structures of the castle’s sector A (núcleo A),... more

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- by António Ginja
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- 12
  Military Architecture, Walls, Medieval castles, Medieval Walls

Se presentan los resultados de varios proyectos desarrollados entre 2003 y 2019, centrados en el proceso de fortificación de la frontera galaico-portuguesa con motivo de la Guerra de la Restauração (1640-1668). La primera consecuencia fue... more

Located in the old medieval outskirts of Coimbra, a residential building has traditionally been named "medieval house”, due to its architecture, consistent with what was in vogue in Portuguese cities of the late medieval period. However,... more

"[ES] Se presenta la Memoria Técnica resultante de los trabajos arqueológicos desarrollados en el marco de la redacción del Plan Director de las Fortalezas Transfronterizas del Tramo Bajo del Río Miño. Estos trabajos consistían en la... more

On last decades Architecture gave rise to interesting approaches about new themes. A lot of these subjects were hardly studied from traditional Archaeology. In this way, for example, architectural remains only were analysed starting from... more

This paper is about innovations in vault construction occurring in Rome in the first half of the 2nd century AD. Based on new information gathered during the restoration of the Trajan’s Markets and the study of the sepulchre of Hadrian it... more

REVISTA PARC - PESQUISA EM ARQUITETURA E CONSTRUÇÃO Editorial PARC#4 V3 PATRIMÔNIO ARQUITETÔNICO - DA ARQUEOLOGIA AO PROJETO DE RESTAURO: QUESTÕES CONTEMPORÂNEAS ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE - FROM ARCHAEOLOGY TO THE RESTORATION PROJECT:... more

Anadolu'da Roma Mimarisi dersi seminer ödevi kapsamında hazırlanan bu çalışma, Ephesos Antik Kenti'nde yer alan Domitianus Tapınağını konu almaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, Ephesos Antik kentinin konumu, tarihçesi ve tapınağın kent... more

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- by Tanju Hakan Dönmez
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- 17
  Ancient History, Archaeology, Art History, Architectural History

Les agglomérations ouvertes du sud-ouest de la France à la fin de l’âge du Fer : le cas des Volques et des Aquitains Dans le sud de Midi-Pyrénées, les agglomérations ouvertes de la fin de l’âge du Fer sont attestées depuis les années... more

Les agglomérations ouvertes du sud-ouest de la France à la fin de l’âge du Fer : le cas des Volques et des Aquitains

Dans le sud de Midi-Pyrénées, les agglomérations ouvertes de la fin de l’âge du Fer sont attestées depuis les années 1960. Mais, à l’exception de Toulouse-Saint-Roch, aucune n’a fait l’objet de recherches dédiées avant les années 2000. Un premier bilan permet d’établir leurs caractéristiques générales. Les sites occupent en général les terrasses situées au plus près des voies d’eau naturelles, quelquefois près d’un gué, et les emprises observées, en dehors de sites exceptionnels comme Auch et Toulouse Saint-Roch, oscillent entre 3-4 et 10 hectares. En outre, ces établissement assument des fonctions artisanales et commerciales, subvenant aux besoins locaux ou micro-régionaux. Enfin, la plupart perdure à travers un vicus à l’époque romaine. Malgré tout, les données réunies montrent que ces agglomérations ne forment pas un ensemble homogène ; les recherches à venir devraient donc permettre d’affiner leur caractérisation.

The open agglomerations of southwest France at the end of the Iron Age: the case of the Volques and the Aquitaine people

In the south of Midi-Pyrénées, the open agglomerations of the end of the Iron Age have been attested since the 1960s. With the exception of Toulouse-Saint-Roch, none was the subject of dedicated research before the 2000s. A first assessment allows to establish their general characteristics. The sites generally occupy theterraces located closest to the natural waterways, sometimes near a ford, and the rights-of-way observed, apart from exceptional sites like Auch and Toulouse Saint-Roch, range from 3-4 to 10 hectares. In addition, these establishments assume craft and commercial functions, providing for local or micro-regional needs. Finally, most of them last through a vicus in Roman times. Despite everything, the data gathered show that these agglomerations do not form a homogeneous whole; future research should therefore allow to refine their characterization.

The church of St. Mary of Muge (Muge, Salvaterra de Magos, Portugal), was buit in 1297 as a small gothic temple. Currently nothing remains of the original building except some disconnected architectural elements. This work is an attempt... more

π ε ρ ι ε Χ ο μ ε ν Α ΧΑιρετιςμοι 9 M. Georgiadis, A synthesis of the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age ground stone tools from the Dodecanese 17 Β. Μαχαίρα, το πρόγραμμα μελέτης και δημοσίευσης των ελληνιστικών γλυπτών της ρόδου.... more

π ε ρ ι ε Χ ο μ ε ν Α ΧΑιρετιςμοι 9 M. Georgiadis, A synthesis of the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age ground stone tools from the Dodecanese 17 Β. Μαχαίρα, το πρόγραμμα μελέτης και δημοσίευσης των ελληνιστικών γλυπτών της ρόδου. παρατηρήσεις και επί μέρους συμπεράσματα 31 Ε. Κ. Παπαβασιλείου, Σ. Ντιντιούμη, εργαστηριακές εγκαταστάσεις και παραγωγή προϊόντων στα Δωδεκάνησα κατά την ύστερη αρχαιότητα έως την πρωτοβυζαντινή περίοδο 43 Ι. Μπίθα, το ευρετήριο Βυζαντινών τοιχογραφιών ελλάδος στα Δωδεκάνησα 61 Μ.-Χ. Γεωργαλλή, Π. Ψαρρή, ενεργοί οικισμοί εντός οριοθετημένων αρχαιολογικών χώρων στο νοτιοανατολικό Αιγαίο: τα παραδείγματα της μεσαιωνικής πόλης και της Λίνδου ρόδου 67 Κ. Σαραντίδης, Ανάλυση ενός αρχαίου συστήματος κατασκευής στεγών από το μιλησιακό οχυρό στο καστράκι Αγαθονησίου 75 Χ. Παλαμιδά, Φ. Σέρογλου, M. Lawall, Π. Τριανταφυλλίδης, μια πρώτη παρουσίαση των εμπορικών αμφορέων από το αρχαίο οχυρό στη θέση καστράκι Αγαθονησίου 85 Κ. Κεφαλά, Χορηγίες μνημείων στην πάτμο του 17ου αιώνα 97 Μ. Κουτελλάς, η παλαιοχριστιανική βασιλική του Χριστού της ιερουσαλήμ στην κάλυμνο: ςυμπεράσματα της ανασκαφικής έρευνας της περιόδου 2007-2008 111 Β. Χριστοπούλου, νεκροταφείο της πρωτοχαλκής ιι περιόδου στη μεσαριά της νήσου κω 135 S. Vitale, The Koan ceramic assemblage during the Late Bronze Age: Classification, chronology, typology and significance 151 M.G. Palmieri, Age categories in the burials of the "Serraglio" necropolis in Cos. Some preliminary observations 175 Χ. Τσούλη, Βαθμιδωτές επιστέψεις ταφικών(;) μνημείων από την κω: Ένας ιδιόμορφος τύπος μνημείων του αιγαιακού χώρου 187 Ε.Α. Poupaki, Ancient Koan marble quarries and the distribution of Koan marble in antiquity: Results of the recent archaeiological research 205 G. Rocco, Kos. La Stoa Orientale nei quartieri del porto 223 M. Livadiotti, e Central Baths of Kos: New data for a reconstruction 235 I. Baldini, G. Marsili, D. Pellacchia, Archaeological researches on Early Byzantine Kos: e episcopal complex in the Western Baths district 251 G. Mazzilli, Standardizzazione edilizia nel cantiere ecclesiastico a Kos tra V e VI secolo: materiali e forme della costruzione e della decorazione architettonica. Nota preliminare 271 Ε. Μηλίτση-Κεχαγιά, οι μαρμάρινοι άμβωνες των παλαιοχριστιανικών βασιλικών της κω. τυπολογική και μορφολογική ανάλυση 295 W. Ehrhardt, Αρχαιολογικό ερευνητικό πρόγραμμα στο Ασκληπιείο της κω 307 Γ. Κοκκορού-Αλευρά, ςυστηματική ανασκαφική έρευνα στην αρχαία Αλάσαρνα της κω του τομέα Αρχαιολογίας και ιστορίας της τέχνης του πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών 317 Ν. Δημάκης, Λύχνοι από το ιερό του Απόλλωνα στην αρχαία Αλάσαρνα της κω. μια πρώτη παρουσίαση 327 Σ. Καλοπίση-Βέρτη, Μ. Παναγιωτίδη-Κεσίσογλου, Ανασκαφικά ευρήματα της παλαιοχριστιανικής περιόδου στην Αλάσαρνα της κω: η πρόοδος της έρευνας 335 Ε. Γερασκλή, Ανασκαφή σε τμήμα κτηρίου βόρεια της βασιλικής της Αγίας Βαρβάρας, στην καρδάμαινα της κω 345 S. Hillson, Human remains from the Kylindra and Katsalos cemeteries on the island of Astypalaia 355 Κ. Τρανταλίδου, κατανάλωση και χρήση ζωικών αγαθών στη ρόδο της 2ης χιλιετίας π.Χ. 365 Κ. Μπαϊράμη, Ανασκαφή πλατείας Αργυροκάστρου στη μεσαιωνική πόλη της ρόδου. πρώτη παρουσίαση 395 Α. Κοσμά, Γ. Σταλίδης, Ανασκαφική έρευνα στον «μόλο των μύλων» της ρόδου 413 X. Γιακουμάκη, η ανασκαφική έρευνα στην ιπποτική οικία τζεμ στη μεσαιωνική πόλη της ρόδου. η συμβολή της στην αποκατάσταση και την εξελικτική πορεία της αρχαίας οδού ρ31 από την αρχαιότητα έως και σήμερα 429 Ν. Χριστοδουλίδης, ςυστήματα ύδρευσης και αποχέτευσης στην αρχαία πόλη της ρόδου 443 Ν. Χριστοδουλίδης, μικρό γυναικείο κεφάλι μαρμάρινου αγαλματιδίου με χρώματα 455 Π. Κάντζια-Βρατσάλη, πολύτιμα κτερίσματα από τη νέα περιμετρική οδό πόλεως ρόδου 463 Γ.Β. Κουτσουφλάκης, τρία μεσαιωνικά ναυάγια στον εμπορικό λιμένα της ρόδου 477 Π. Παπανικολάου, το καθολικό του Αγίου ιωάννη στο καλλάκιο εκ νέου. Spolia, ιστορικές πληροφορίες και ερμηνευτικά ζητήματα 501 Μ. Χαλκίτη, πήλινη κεφαλή από τον Αρχάγγελο της ρόδου 521 Β. Πατσιαδά, ο αρχαιολογικός χώρος της καμίρου. προβλήματα της αρχαιολογικής έρευνας 541 Π. Τριανταφυλλίδης, η αρχαιολογική έρευνα στο παρροδιακό ιερό του Αταβυρίου Διός 553 Μ.Ι. Στεφανάκης, η αρχαιολογική έρευνα στην κυμισάλα (ρόδος): 2006-2013 565 N. Zarras, Early Byzantine nds from the necropolis of Kymisala in southern Rhodes 581 A.K. Katsioti, N. Mastrochristos, Bilateral icon of the Virgin Eleousa/Crucifixion, formely in the church of Archangel Michael at Lardos, Rhodes 588 ΕΓΧρωΜΟΙ ΠΙΝΑΚΕΣ

This paper presents the results of some of the studies developed by the interdisciplinary team of Terrachidia, focused on the earthen architecture of the last oasis in the Drâa Valley (Morocco), M’Hamid, one of the main gates to the... more

""The Chiesa Madre of S. Maria Assunta at Laurenzana (PZ, Basilicata, Italy) was a middle-age church, named in medieval documents Sancta Maria de Plataeis; the first mention is in Suebian age, under the emperor Friedrich II Hoenstaufen; a... more

Ostrów Lednicki and Giecz are two of the most important centers of the Polish state in the 2-nd half of the 10 th century. In both sites the remains of residential complexes have been discovered. Both consist of a central planned chapel... more

Augustodunum, civitas Aeduorum, fondée à l’époque augustéenne, fut dotée de quatre portes urbaines : la porte d’Arroux et la porte Saint-André qui sont les mieux conservées, la porte Saint-Andoche dont il ne reste qu’une tour de... more

Augustodunum, civitas Aeduorum, fondée à l’époque augustéenne, fut dotée de quatre portes urbaines : la porte d’Arroux et la porte Saint-André qui sont les mieux conservées, la porte Saint-Andoche dont il ne reste qu’une tour de flanquement et la porte de Rome, depuis longtemps disparue. L’étude stratigraphique du bâti des portes et la réflexion sur le fonctionnement du chantier de construction des portes urbaines d’Autun constituent le cœur de ce travail. Par ailleurs, antiquaires, voyageurs et artistes ont laissé depuis le XVIème siècle de nombreux témoignages de leur visite des portes romaines d’Autun. Ce fonds documentaire considérable, constitué de sources écrites et iconographiques, n’avait jusqu’alors pas été étudié de manière globale. Il a fallu mettre en série les sources textuelles afin de comprendre la part des emprunts aux travaux antérieurs. Un travail semblable de critique des représentations iconographiques des portes urbaines a également été effectué. Complément indispensable de l’étude stratigraphique des élévations conservées, l’étude de cette documentation ancienne a permis de proposer une hypothèse de restitution de l’histoire longue des portes d’Augustodunum de leur construction à nos jours. Le dernier volet de ce travail a consisté à replacer les portes d’Autun dans la série des portes urbaines monumentales de l’Occident romain construites entre le IIème siècle av. J.-C. et le IIème siècle ap. J.-C. mais aussi à présenter de nouvelles propositions de restitution du projet architectural, du plan des portes et de l’organisation interne de leurs tours de flanquement.

Augustodunum, civitas Aeduorum, roman city founded under the reign of Augustus, was equipped with four roman city gates : the gate of Arroux and the gate of Saint André, both well preserved, the gate of Saint Andoche which sole remaining part is a flanking tower, and the gate of Rome, destroyed long ago.
The heart of this study lies in the stratigraphic reading of those gates structure and in thoughts about the building site of Autun’s city gates operating process.
Moreover, since the 16th century, antiquaries, travelers and artists have described in many ways their visits to the roman city gates of Autun. These accounts constitute a major documentary collection of written and iconographical sources that had never been studied as a whole before. A classification of written sources was necessary in order to understand the borrowings from previous works. A similar work of critical study has been realized for the iconographical representations of the gates.
As an essential complement of the stratigraphic reading of remaining elevations of the gates, the ancient archeological documentation study was indispensable to propose a restoration hypothesis of Augustodunum’s city gates long term history from their construction time to nowadays.
The last section of this study aims to locate Autun’s city gates in the series of monumental city gates built in Western Roman Empire between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD. Furthermore, that section presents new propositions for the restoration of the architectural project, of the gates plan and of the inner organization of these gates flanking towers.

The Church of S. Giovanni Battista Decollato at Mensano (Siena), has a basilica plan with a central nave and two side-aisles, each terminating in an apse. Inside there are eight massive monolithic columns, with classicizing capitals... more

The Church of S. Giovanni Battista Decollato at Mensano (Siena), has a basilica plan with a central nave and two side-aisles, each terminating in an apse. Inside there are eight massive monolithic columns, with classicizing capitals carved with allegorical subjects. The building has undergone several transformations over the years of building activity. Traditionally ascribed to Maestro Bonamico Pisano, who was involved in the actual construction of Pisa Cathedral, and in the execution of the pulpit of Volterra Cathedral, the capitals are without doubt the most interesting decorative elements in the Church: a rare, if not unique, example of Pisan Romanesque sculpture in the Elsa Valley. The church is an emblematic example of minor (secondary) historical heritage, and is a key representative of religious architecture of the time. It is even more significant in view of its proximity to the old Via Francigena.

The church is on the small hilltop town of Mensano, a medieval Senese outpost in the far western sector of the Upper Elsa Valley.
Geological studies identified an active landslip affecting the slope immediately behind the apse section, while suggesting deep-lying damage and cracks in the ground, which indeed can be seen in the walls of the building.
An accurate investigation was carried out on Pieve, which consisted of classic metric, material and morphological phases. In particular attention was taken to the survey of the cracking framework, which has highlighted a serious cinematism in progress.
At the same time a numerical analysis was carried out which confirmed the low degree of seismic vulnerability of the monument.

The case of the Mensano’s Pieve is an emblematic example of minor (secondary) historical heritage, and it is a key representative of ancient religious architecture.
The countless medieval baptistery churches across Italy are increasingly suffering from gradual abandonment. The causes of this are to be found in the recent global economic crisis, which, in Italy, have led to a drastic cut in the resources normally set aside for basic maintenance, at least.
But “minor” does not mean “less important”, because, as in the case of Mensano, these works are often true architectural and artistic jewels. Not protecting them, or doing only little to protect them, is a very serious mistake, especially in view of the high degree of seismic activity in Italy, specifically in areas close to the monument in question.

The study of Maturana-Verástegui Palace has enabled us to understand the complex construction evolution of a building which, in perfect symbiosis with the historic past of the family which lived in it, was gradually transformed in a... more

Tipologías arquitectónicas adoptadas por las alquerías de la huerta de Valencia en el siglo XIV y XV.

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- by Berrocal Paloma and +1
  Víctor Manuel Algarra Pardo
- •
- 3
  Medieval Archaeology, Archeology of Architecture, Alquería

"[ES] Presentamos un estudio de las fortalezas que fueron construidas durante la Guerra de la Restauração Portuguesa (1640-1668) en lo que se conoce como ´raia húmida´ o ´raya húmeda´, que se corresponde con el territorio limítrofe al... more

Il territorio reggiano si presenta particolarmente ricco di emergenze di cui si conservano in elevato parti consistenti risalenti al periodo medievale o strutture che nel corso dei secoli hanno subito vari rimaneggiamenti. La... more

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- by Federico Zoni and +1
  Andrea Fiorini
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- 10
  Medieval History, Medieval Archaeology, Reggio Emilia, Medieval Architecture

"A taipa de pilão é uma das mais conhecidas técnicas construtivas tradicionais, utilizada em larga escala no Estado de São Paulo em edifícios urbanos e rurais entre os séculos XVI e XIX. Fortemente associada ao patrimônio cultural da... more

"A taipa de pilão é uma das mais conhecidas técnicas construtivas tradicionais, utilizada em larga escala no Estado de São Paulo em edifícios urbanos e rurais entre os séculos XVI e XIX. Fortemente associada ao patrimônio cultural da região, esta técnica constituiu-se em ponto nodal da historiografia da arquitetura do Estado entre as décadas de 1950 e 1990, quando se buscou compreender sua difusão, por vezes conciliadas a iniciativas de recuperação física experimentais. A análise e revisão crítica recente dessas intervenções têm apontado as inadequações e excessos das intervenções conjunturais de então para reclamar abordagens metodológicas retrospectivas de projeto mais afinadas a premissas internacionais da disciplina da restauração. Busca-se atenção à documentação precisa da constituição material dessas construções para que se possa aceder, no plano conservativo, ao diagnóstico dos processos de interação de diferentes materiais em uma mesma superfície e, no plano formal-arquitetônico, à compreensão do que foi adicionado, subtraído ou modificado no tempo. Baseado nestas premissas, este artigo expõe princípios de estudo, metodologia e procedimentos utilizados para registro arqueológico vertical de parede da Tulha da antiga Chácara Paraíso, em Campinas. Tombado pelo município, estado e federação, o edifício foi preservado pelo seu antigo proprietário, Antonio da Costa Santos, arquiteto e ex-prefeito que, em variadas intervenções conservativas não documentadas, atribuiu-lhe seu atual valor arquitetônico. Orientando-se por princípios ligados ao campo disciplinar da arqueologia da arquitetura e suas aplicações práticas, buscou-se sistematizar proposta de documentação do objeto que viabilizasse a verificação do estado de conservação das estruturas arquitetônicas existentes combinadas à orientação de hipóteses relacionadas à manutenção “autoral” da construção ao longo do tempo. Visa-se contribuir para a discussão de novas estratégias de documentação dos edifícios em taipa de pilão no Estado de São Paulo que propiciem meios concretos de conservação da arquitetura tradicional paulista coerentes às demandas preservacionistas contemporâneas."

Aproximación a la arquitectura rural del poblado de Patraix en la Huerta de Valencia.

Rammed earth is one of the most known traditional construction techniques, commonly used in urban and rural buildings in São Paulo State between 16th and 19th century. Strongly associated with regional cultural heritage, this technique... more

Rammed earth is one of the most known traditional construction techniques, commonly used in urban and rural buildings in São Paulo State between 16th and 19th century. Strongly associated with regional cultural heritage, this technique was the nodal point of architectural history studies from 1950’s to 1990’s, when several scholars aimed to comprehend its diffusion, sometimes conciliated with experimental interventions of recovery. The analysis and recent critical review of these interventions have been pointed out the inattentiveness and conjunctural excesses of the past to claim for retrospective project methodologies approaches that ought to be more aware about international preservation premises of restoration discipline. Nowadays, the focus lays on precise documentation of material constitution of these buildings, which can lead, on a conservative basis, towards the diagnosis of interaction processes of different materials on the same surface and, on formal and architectonical orientation, towards the comprehension of what has been added, removed or altered through time. Based on these premises, this article exposes principles of study, methodology and procedures used for the vertical archaeological record of a rammed earth wall at old Paraíso Ranch Granary, in Campinas. Classified by the city, state and federation, the building was preserved by its last owner, Antonio da Costa Santos, architect and former mayor that gave to it their contemporary architectural value through undocumented conservative interventions. Using principles related to building archaeology field, we sought to organize a proposal for documentation that assesses the conservation of architectonical structures combined to the hypothesis orientation of “authorial” construction maintenance through time. This work aims to disseminate adequate ways of architectural record of rammed earth buildings in São Paulo to make available consistent documentation methods coherent to contemporary preservationist demands.

The article proposes a new interpretation of the church of S. Lorenzo in Verona, built between the end of the 11th and the beginning of the 12th century. The church is important in the context of Romanesque architecture in northern Italy... more

Stratigraphic analysis of the walls of the Angostina Parish Church. The study has enabled us to define four main construction phases, from the medieval building to the present day.

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- by Veronica Benedet and +1
  Leandro Sánchez Zufiaurre
- •
- 2
  Arqueología De La Arquitectura, Archeology of Architecture

El monasterio de Santa María la Real de Valdeiglesias, situado en el municipio de Pelayos de la Presa (Madrid), es la más importante fundación monacal de la Orden Cisterciense que se conserva en la Comunidad de Madrid. Levantado sobre... more

Les villes médiévales se distinguaient dans le paysage par leur grande concentration de population, mais aussi par la taille de leurs bâtiments. Ceux-ci ont servi à diverses fonctions : militaire, religieuse, politico-administrative,... more

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- by Gonçalo Melo da Silva and +1
  amélia aguiar andrade
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- 20
  Economic History, Digital Humanities, Medieval Literature, Medieval History

Anna maria Stagno, Casa rurale e storia degli insediamenti. Un approccio geografico per l'archeologia dell'edilizia storica. .. 23 Giuseppe clemente, Toponomastica e agiotoponomastica: strumenti, metodi e casi di studio per la conoscenza... more

La ermita de San Pantaleón de Losa se ha datado tradicionalmente a inicios del s. XIII en base a la inscripción de consagración colocada en ella y datada en la Era 1245 (1207 dC.), con una posterior ampliación norte de estilo gótico. Sin... more

THE FIRST OPENED CARAVANSERAI, RABAT (RIBAT) OF CENTRAL ASIA Aultepe is one of the well-studied monuments of the early middle ages of Central Asia. The excavation author S. K. Kabanov, based on the data obtained suggested that it was the... more

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- by Surat Kubaev
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- 11
  Ancient History, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Art History

Estudio arqueológico de la Alquería de Barrinto, fundada en el siglo XIV, con ampliaciones en los siglos XV y XVII: técnicas y materiales de construcción, espacios de producción y domésticos, ….

Archeology of Architecture

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