Agression

U.S. Army combat medics who were three months postdeployment reported higher prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and aggressive behaviors than did medics who had never been deployed to a combat zone. Combat experiences were then separated into six categories: killing, fighting, threat to oneself, death and injury of others, providing aid to the wounded, and saving a life. After controlling for socially desirable response bias, providing aid and threat to oneself predicted post-traumatic stress; providing aid predicted depression; and reports of killing predicted aggressive behaviors in postdeployed medics. Despite their noncombatant status and primary role as health care providers, medics report behavioral health symptoms in association with combat experiences.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of corrective exercise programmes on the foot condition. The research was attended by 66 subjects (students of the Jovan Cvijić elementary school, Banja Luka) aged 11-12 years. Of the total number of subjects on initial testing, 44 subjects (72.7%) had flat foot deformity (first, second and third degree) and they participated in further research. The Footplate currex platform was used to assess the arch of the foot. The programme of flat foot corrective exercises lasted a total of 4 months. Exercises were performed twice a week for 20 minutes. The programme included a total of 13 exercises and each exercise was repeated 20 times. A Chi-squared test was applied to determine if there was a difference in the frequency of foot deformities between the initial and final measurements, as well as gender differences, i.e. whether the applied exercise programme affected the reduction of foot arch deformity (p <0.05). The obtained results s...

ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationships between individual differences in situational triggers of aggressive behaviors (STAR) and the FFM personality traits. The investigation, conducted among Polish male and female offenders and students, revealed different relationships across samples. Among students, higher sensitivity to frustration and provocation was related to higher Neuroticism and lower Agreeableness and sensitivity to provoking situations to lower Openness to Experience. Among prisoners, however, lower Agreeableness was negatively linked to being more sensitive to provocation. Furthermore, the study found sex differences in STAR scales in the student sample but not the prisoners’ sample.

Cel pracy: celem badania było określenie zmiennych wpływających na agresywne zachowania (takie jak wrogość, gniew, agresja słowna oraz agresja fizyczna) dla grupy kobiet i mężczyzn, uprawiających sport, bądź nietrenujących.
Materiał i metody: grupa badanych n = 90 składała się z kobiet n = 52, mężczyzn n = 38. Osób trenujących sport było n = 61, a nietrenujących n = 29. Narzędziem badawczym był kwestionariusz Agresji Bussa i Perry’ego w wersji Amity.
Wyniki: istotna statystycznie różnica wystąpiła w podskali gniewu, gdzie kobiety trenujące osiągnęły zdecydowanie wyższy poziom gniewu niż kobiety nietrenujące. Najsilniejsza siła powiązań w całym badaniu wystąpiła między gniewem a agresją fizyczną u mężczyzn sportowców r = 0,80 (tylko w tej grupie). Istotna zależność dla sportowców wystąpiła również między odczuwaniem wrogości i gniewu. Dla nietrenujących istotna zależność wystąpiła między agresją słowną a gniewem oraz zależność występująca tylko w grupie nietrenujących mężczyzn pomiędzy wrogością a agresją fizyczną, jak i między wrogością a agresją słowną. Podskalą najczęściej wchodzącą w zależność z innymi podskalami okazała się agresja słowna, gdzie wystąpiło 13 istotnych zależności, a następnie gniew z liczbą 12 znaczących powiązań.
Wnioski: na podstawie dokonanych analiz można zauważyć, że dyscyplina sportowa może wpływać na odczuwanie gniewu przez kobiety powodując jego nasilenie. Wartości minimalne i maksymalne w średnich ocenach poziomu podskal zilustrowały liniową zależność w podskalach agresji słownej (max – kobiety sportowcy, min – mężczyźni nietrenujące) i agresji fizycznej (max – mężczyźni nietrenujący, min – kobiety nietrenujące); zależność krzyżowa wystąpiła w podskali wrogości (max mężczyźni nietrenujący i min mężczyźni sportowcy), oraz gniewu (max kobiety sportowcy, min kobiety nietrenujące). Istotne statystycznie korelacje, wykazały, iż uprawianie sportu nasila zależność między gniewem a agresją. Zależność między gniewem a agresją słowną wydaje się nie być faktem zależnym od uprawiania sportu. Korelacja gniewu z wrogością wykazała istotną zależność tylko dla grupy sportowców. Istotne powiązanie dla grupy nietrenującej wystąpiło pomiędzy wrogością, a agresją słowną i fizyczną. Natomiast zależność agresji słownej i fizycznej wystąpiła najsilniej dla mężczyzn nietrenujących.

Flores Moreno, Carmen Leticia; Conde Flores, Alberto y Arellano Ceballos, Aideé Consuelo (Coords.) (2021). Jóvenes y violencia. Diálogos, travesías y desafíos. Universidad de Colima.
Universidad de Colima, Dirección General de Publicaciones
Acceso libre: http://ww.ucol.mx/publicacionesenlinea/?docto=514

Being aggressive have been acknowledged in combat sports competition to be adaptive and socially acceptable, essential for athletes be motivated in training and competition phases, Go-ahead, Tripping someone, and Assertive styles are Aggressive styles that had been tested with Mental Toughness, a developmental psychological construct that would involve a feeling of self-efficacy, emotional regulations, feeling of autonomy and control perceived with extensive combat experiences. Correlation results of the study show a positive correlation with Go-Ahead and Assertive aggressive styles, using a Regression analysis, the results show that Go-ahead and assertive aggressive styles are predictors of high Mental Toughness scores. The implications of the study can help in creating an Aggressive Efficacy oriented mentoring and coaching program that fighters, coaches, can use in screening mental preparation and aggressive styles of their members. this would also aid in reducing any unwanted conflicts that can lead to legal and safety concerns, and encourage members both beginners and veteran to try competitive combat sports as a learning and developmental experience

The article describes approaches to diagnosing the propensity to the violent extremism. As diagnostic categories, it is suggested to use dispositions
reflecting a nonspecific tendency for extremist behavior and, depending on the situation, leading to the formation of certain hostile attitudes towards specific objects. The allocated dispositions were 11 scales of the questionnaire, including Likerttype
statements. The description of the method and the possibilities of its application are given, the construction of scales is disclosed, the results of a pilot study of their reliability and discrimination are presented.
В статье описаны подходы к диагностике склонности к насильственному экстремизму. В качестве диагностических категорий предложено использовать диспозиции, отражающие неспецифическую склонность к экстремистскому поведению и, в зависимости от ситуации, ведущих к формированию частных враждебных установок на конкретные объекты. Выделенные диспозиции составили 11 шкал опросника, включающих утверждения лайкертовского типа. Даны описания самой методики и возможностей ее применения, раскрыта конструкция шкал, приведены результаты пилотажного исследования их надежности и дискриминативности.

Introduction: Virtual social networks and messaging systems provide a low-cost means of communication, which allows reaching a large number of people. Anyone can publish interesting and useful content for many, which represents a revolutionary transformation in society. This potential can also be used for negative or destructive purposes, when the content is aggressive, defamatory or insulting.
These publications, "hate messages", and also "online harassment", include: verbal aggressions, physical threats, use of offensive names, sustained harassment over time, and sexual harassment.
Objectives:
- Describe the perception of women about this aggression;
- Know the most frequent emotional and behavioral responses to this aggression.
Methodology: In 2017, an Ad Hoc questionnaire was created in Google forms, which gathered socio-demographic data and use of virtual social networks. It consists of 7 closed response items. It was distributed digitally (self-applied) among women from Córdoba, Argentina. A sample was formed (N = 300) with ages from 18 to 80 years.
Results: it was possible to know that almost 80% had read or received insulting and offensive publications, 33.7% are exposed to these attacks frequently or very frequently, that the most common emotion was nuisance and indignation 58%. The reaction of 47% was to ignore the message and 19% block the aggressive contact. It was also known that 37% received intimate or explicit images without having requested it.
Discussion: The results are similar and coincide with other investigations, it could be hypothesized that the emotions and responses in the world offline to aggressions are the same as those of the online world.

Эта работа является переводом с английского языка моей основной работы, которую также можно найти на данном сайте. Весь список литературы вы также сможете найти в этой работе.
Я заранее прошу прощения, если вы обнаружите какие-то ошибки в грамотности или правописании.
Спасибо за внимание, уделённое этой работе.

Эта работа поднимает вопрос, как «агрессия, вызванная играми в жанре хоррор». Основной целью данной работы являлось доказательство тезиса о том, что видеоигры в жанре хоррор, обладающие откровенным содержанием, не влияют на агрессивность человека, а соответственно он не переносит пережитый в игре опыт на реальный мир.
В первой части данной работы представлена теоретическая часть об общем комплексе тем – страха и ужаса, как представителях жанра, о агрессивности, как об эмоциональном и психическом состоянии и о видеоиграх, как о представителе части исследования. Далее путём опроса и эксперимента была доказана одна из гипотеза, соответствующая тезису данной работы.

To some this may not seem the most appropriate of titles, but please bear with me. The 1982 film First Blood was an action cum psychological thriller regarding the battle of both physical and mental wills, of the central character, John Rambo, (Sylvester Stallone) and the sheriff of a small town, Will Teasle, (Brain Dennehy). It is of note to say that Dennehy is himself a veteran of the Vietnam era, but to reiterate he did not see active service in the Vietnam Theatre of Operations.

Domestic violence against women alarmingly transpired during the COVID-19 lockdown and as the lived experiences of the victims are concealed, the current research aims to uncover how women, who suffered from their partners during COVID-19 lockdown, explain their experiences of abuse in terms of physical, sexual, and emotional conditions; how these experiences affect them, how they perceive the violence and aggression that they have agonized, how they cope with their situation during the COVID-19 Lockdown and finally, how the victims move forward. The study utilizes a qualitative phenomenological research design to describe the integrated accounts of abuse of the three victim women who are voluntarily selected through purposeful sampling technique and are qualitatively interviewed by a uniform set of interview guide questions in an online/distant communication medium. As their experiences are examined through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, it has been found that the three victim women have suffered from tremendous sexual assaults, physical injuries, and emotional trauma from their husband whose aggressions were provoked by lockdown settings and other factors such as job insecurity, boredom, and affection concerns. Despite the aggravations, contradictory responses and perceptions root in martyrdom or reprisal. These major findings are interpreted with the conventional preservation of matrimony and complete family idealism, toxic masculinity, patriarchal concord, and women objectification whereas the victims are dishonorably exploited to suffice the unfair "needs" of men amid lockdown uncertainty and desolation. In the end, these victim women cope and move forward through seeking familial, spiritual, and legal support systems. DOUBLE LOCKED: A Qualitative Study about aggression and domestic violence among Filipino women during COVID-19 Lockdown BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Domestic Violence against Women has been a longstanding global dilemma as history posits oppressive accounts of women being maltreated, battered, and violated of their own rights and welfare. Globally, an assessed 736 million women-almost one in three-have been endangered to intimate partner violence and had ever suffered physical, sexual, or emotional abuse at ages 15-49, or at least once in their life. Terrifyingly, this problem has been intensified on the onset of COVID-19 lockdown as a leap of report cases were received because of the imposition of lockdown that allowed abuses to transpire in secrecy. In contextualization, the Philippines, being emblemized as one of the World's Longest COVID-19 Lockdowns for about more than 10 months in the year 2020, and intermittent quarantines onward 2021, have been revealed in a study to incur staggering cases of violence against women (VAW) (UNESCAP, 2020, p. 6). Subsequently, behind the locked doors, crimes that are rooted in gender-based violence (GBV) causes physical, sexual, and mental damage to Filipina women, with misogynistic and manipulative tools of intimidation, unreasonable cruelty, and unjustified punishment from their intimate male partners (Acosta, 2020, p. 5). Despite the Philippines having an existing law of Republic Act 9262 known as The Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act of 2004 which constitutes "the need to protect the family and its members particularly women and children from violence and threats to their personal safety and security" (Philippine Government Republic Act of 2004), many incidents of violence against women frequently go unreported. This lack of reports to illustrate the scope of VAW during the lockdown can be associated with accessibility restraints to government sectors or support/response programs. Thusly, reports from other areas suggest a reduction in survivors seeking services is due to a combination of lockdown measures and not wanting to attend health services for fear of infection. (Muldoon et al., 2021, p. 7). This led women to be trapped in inescapable extreme maltreatment with no way out.

Depuis le début de la vaste offensive militaire russe en Ukraine, les condamnations se sont multipliées pour dénoncer une violation caractérisée de l’interdiction du recours à la force armée entre États consacrée par la Charte des Nations Unies. Pour autant, le Conseil de sécurité est demeuré impuissant. En raison du droit de veto dont la Russie dispose dans cet organe en sa qualité de membre permanent, celui-ci ne peut ni prononcer de sanctions ni exclure la Russie. Toutefois, l’unité de la communauté internationale a permis de contourner cette impuissance en recourant à l’Assemblée générale, qui a condamné à une écrasante majorité l’agression russe dans une résolution dont le poids politique vient en soutien à l’avalanche sans précédent de sanctions décidées par les organisations internationales et les États.

The analysis of the Minsk agreements implementation (a common name for a package of documents adopted in September 2014 and February 2015 aiming to resolve a current crisis in the Eastern region of Ukraine) demonstrates that despite a few steps forward, the systematic violation of certain clauses as well as serious manipulation of the others by the so-called ‘Donetsk People Republic’/ ‘Luhansk People Republic’ (‘DPR’/‘LPR’) combatants and the Russian Federation has been observed and confirmed by the international community. Lifting international sanctions seems the only incentive for Russia to comply with the Minsk agreements. Its current tactic involves partial implementation, which would help to apply for easing sanctions and thus to decrease the cost of its waging war against Ukraine. At the same time, Russia preserves the possibility to re-escalate the currently low-intensity-conflict at any convenient moment.

Conde Flores, Alberto y Flores Moreno, Carmen Leticia (2021). Violencia y agresión en jóvenes. Perspectiva etoprimatológica. En Flores Moreno, Carmen Leticia, Conde Flores, Alberto y Arellano Ceballos, Aideé Consuelo (Coords.) Jóvenes y violencia. Diálogos, travesías y desafíos. Universidad de Colima.
Universidad de Colima, Dirección General de Publicaciones.
Acceso libre: http://ww.ucol.mx/publicacionesenlinea/?docto=514

ÖZET Ergenlik dönemi, suç davranışı ve madde kullanımı açısından insan hayatındaki kritik dönemlerden biridir. Araştırmalar, suçla ilişkili davranışların açığa çıkmasında ergenlik dönemine odaklanmakta ve çocukluk dönemindeki bazı risk faktörleri üzerinde durmaktadır. Özellikle de antisosyal davranış gelişiminin suça yol açabilecek saldırgan davranışın öngörülmesinde etkisi olabileceği vurgulanmaktadır. Suç davranışı ve bağımlılığın iç içe geçen yapısı, hangi risk faktörünün bir diğerinin oluşumuna yol açabileceği sorusunu da gündeme getirir. Temel soru, suçların ne kadarının bağımlılıkla ile ilişkili olduğudur? Alkol ve madde kullanım bozukluğu, saldırganlığın, şiddete dayalı suçların ve madde temin etmek amacıyla gerçekleşen suçların oluşumunda rol oynayabilir. Bir diğer durum ise, biyolojik, psikolojik, sosyolojik ve çevresel risk faktörlerinin suç ve madde kullanımı birlikteliğine neden olabilmesidir. Bu yazıda, ergenlik döneminde suç davranışını oluşturan faktörler ve suç davranışı ile madde kullanımının ilişkisine yer verilmiştir.

El objetivo es estudiar si el patrón de la
relación entre el comportamiento de los padres y el
desarrollo socioemocional de los niños se mantiene
a través de diferentes contextos socioeconómicos y
nacionales (Argentina y España). Se administró la
Escala Argentina de Percepción de la Relación con
los Padres para Niños, el Verbal Aggression
Scale y la Emotional Instability Scale a 583 niños
argentinos y españoles de 10 a 12 años. Los
resultados indican que: 1) la agresión y la
inestabilidad emocional están relacionadas; 2) las
dimensiones de estilos parentales se relacionan
diferentemente con la inestabilidad emocional y la
agresividad; 3) el comportamiento de la madre y
del padre se relacionan en forma diferente con la
regulación emocional de los niños; 4) los modelos
psicológicos que asocian determinados
comportamientos parentales con el desarrollo
socioemocional de los niños, permanecen
invariantes a través de los estratos económicosociales
y de las culturas nacionales estudiadas.

In this texts two aspects of Winnicott´s study of aggression are discussed. First, the
opposition that stops the development of the emotional path, that is to say, kicking the can
and in the theory of elimination that implies two processes: a) the first part of the first
possession paradox related to the false self. Then comes how objects survive destruction, it
means the role of agression in the formation of the self, in the ego organization and then the
understanding of the world.
The aggression that arises when a can is kicked, the thing that is obstructing the way; the
pleasure a muscle experiments with this action and the possibility of the object to survive to
the fantasy of destruction in the process of being found. In other words, it is the process of
destruction in the transition of the subjective object to the objective object through the
transitional object.
Winnicot suggests that the aggression is a previous behaviour and different to the hate and
anger; that implies frustration. Aggression is seen as a life strength, implying a primitive
movement, that towards the curiosity, it might become a paradox of the object survival
because of its destruction. The value of the idea of opposition in the emotional development,
the necessary destructive nature of the primitive cruel love. These ideas about aggression
lead to think about the innovation to the psychoanalitical technique that Winnicott proposes,
that is to say, the Framework. I suggest to relate the experience of The Transitional Object,
1950-55[5] to the concept of Therapeutic Framework, 1954 [9] and Playing, 1971 [17].
KEY WORDS: Aggression, Hate, Anger, Framework, Frame.

Through a synthesis of fledgling theories of post-truth (author, 2006, 2014, 2016, 2017) developing around Donald Trump and Brexit and theories of emotions in populism, I analyze the right-wing French movement La Manif Pour Tous, and their ongoing issue campaign against what they call “gender theory in the schools.” After I identify their populist qualities, I analyze five prominent post-truth qualities in the movement: 1) organization and public presentation; 2) “active distrust” qualities; 3) emotional/affective qualities; 4) “rumor bombs” about gender theory; and 5) conjunctural specificity within gender, sexuality and other backlashes. Considering the conjunctural convergence of social trust and truth deficits, I propose that the post-truth and “rumor-bombing” aspects simultaneous with their populist nature are better understood as a kind of emotional or “emo-truth” common to both performance of authenticity in Reality TV shows and right-wing populist movements today. Finally, I propose cases like this point to a mainstreaming of post-truth populism, across Western liberal democracies and beyond.

El objetivo es estudiar si el patrón de la relación entre el comportamiento de los padres y el desarrollo socioemocional de los niños se mantiene a través de diferentes contextos socioeconómicos y nacionales (Argentina y España). Se administró la Escala Argentina de Percepción de la Relación con los Padres para Niños, el Verbal Aggression Scale y la Emotional Instability Scale a 583 niños argentinos y españoles de 10 a 12 años. Los resultados indican que: 1) la agresión y la inestabilidad emocional están relacionadas; 2) las dimensiones de estilos parentales se relacionan diferentemente con la inestabilidad emocional y la agresividad; 3) el comportamiento de la madre y del padre se relacionan en forma diferente con la regulación emocional de los niños; 4) los modelos psicológicos que asocian determinados comportamientos parentales con el desarrollo socioemocional de los niños, permanecen invariantes a través de los estratos económicosociales y de las culturas nacionales estudiadas.

Resumen: El objetivo es estudiar si el patrón de la relación entre el comportamiento de los padres y el desarrollo socioemocional de los niños se mantiene a través de diferentes contextos socioeconómicos y nacionales (Argentina y España). Se administró la Escala Argentina de Percepción de la Relación con los Padres para Niños, el Verbal Aggression Scale y la Emotional Instability Scale a 583 niños argentinos y españoles de 10 a 12 años. Los resultados indican que: 1) la agresión y la inestabilidad emocional están relacionadas; 2) las dimensiones de estilos parentales se relacionan diferentemente con la inestabilidad emocional y la agresividad; 3) el comportamiento de la madre y del padre se relacionan en forma diferente con la regulación emocional de los niños; 4) los modelos psicológicos que asocian determinados comportamientos parentales con el desarrollo socioemocional de los niños, permanecen invariantes a través de los estratos económico- sociales y de las culturas nacionales e...

This paper considers the use of de-escalation techniques to manage aggressive behaviours such as challenging behaviours, behaviours of concern, verbal abuse, threats and threatening behaviours, and physical assault from a workplace perspective. The techniques are presented as training requirements for a program to develop competency and confidence in de-escalation practices. Training in this area should cover a range of performance and knowledge requirements inclusive of sources of anger and aggression and how they can lead to violence, undertaking situational risk assessment, use of de-escalation techniques , and self-care.

Laži i obmane? Što o tome misle Hrvati? Iz komentara na FB, kao najbrojnijoj društvenoj mreži, vidi se na koji način Hrvati razmišljaju i doživljavaju invaziju ruskog predsjednika Vladimira Vladimiroviča Putina na Ukrajinu kao suverenu državu. Najveći dio, njih 90% osuđuje agresiju, ubijanje i razaranje. Smatra da svaki narod ima pravo u svojoj državi odlučivati o svojoj sudbini.

The article considers the conceptual framework of EU security law and its realization in crisis management strategy, approaches to Eastern Europe and Ukrainian security issues, sanctions against Russia, EU missions to Ukraine. The object of the study is to distinguish and reconstruct the most important concepts underlying the security law of the EU, the legal ideology thereof and its implementation in the situation of Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict. The same way, the study provides a new key to understand the principal conceptual transformations of the international security law. The study shows that EU has implemented a wide range of non-military peacekeeping / anti-crisis instruments of its foreign policy in response to Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine, in particular, political, diplomatic, economic, trade, civilian operational. And they should not be derogated. But, given the general features of the development of the Union's foreign and security law and policy, there is no reason to expect that the Union will play a crucial role in restoring Ukraine's territorial integrity. Instead, as the authors propose, the intentions, potential and tools of the EU's "soft power", including the potential of two functioning EU missions, should be fully exploited to de-escalate the crisis, enhance the resilience and economic development of the Ukrainian state, and manage conflicts in Ukrainian society. That could be the proper way to implement positively the new international security law paradigm potential.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je vidjeti možemo li pomoću kvalitativne obrade kvantitativno prikupljenih podataka utvrditi razloge nasilnog ponašanja među mladima. Kvantitativni dio istraživanja je proveden na prigodnom uzorku od N=51 sudionika, učenika prvih razreda srednje škole Gimnazije Daruvar. Za potrebe kvantitativnog dijela prikupljanja podataka korišten je Upitnik agresivnosti (Buss i Perry, 1992), a za potrebe kvalitativnog dijela, polustrukturirani intervju nastao na temelju Upitnika agresivnosti. U kvalitativnom dijelu istraživanja sudjelovalo je pet sudionika s minimalnim i pet s maksimalnim rezultatom na Upitniku agresivnosti. U obradi kvalitativnih podataka korištena je metoda „Analiza okvira“. Kvantitativna obrada nam pruža uvid u izraženost agresivnih ponašanja među mladima te razlike na četiri dimenzije Upitnika agresivnosti. Kvalitativna obrada podataka nam pruža dublji uvid u razlike među sudionicima s minimalnim i maksimalnim rezultatom na Upitniku agresivnosti te razlike među sudionicima na individualnoj razini. Iako postoje razlike koje su dobivene kvantitativnom metodom, kvalitativna obrada pokazuje da postoji i mnoštvo karakteristika koje obje skupine sudionika dijele. Pokazano je kako se dvije skupine sudionika uglavnom razlikuju u izražavanju agresivnoga ponašanja ali da su percepcije, emocije i kognicije dosta slične za obje skupine sudionika.

АННОТАЦИЯ
Представленная статья  рассматривает особенности вербализации бинарной оппозиции «Свой-Чужой» в британском варианте английского языка на основании узуса этнонимов, используемых для номинации ирландцев и шотландцев. Компонент оппозиции «Свой» представлен такими нейтральными этнонимами, как Scot(s), Scotsman, Scotswoman, Scottish (people) и Scotch. Особое внимание уделяется дерогативно маркированным этнонимам как основополагающим языковым единицам, репрезентующих компонент «Чужой».
ABSTRACT
The given article features verbalization of the binary opposition “Friend-or-Foe” in British English on the base of usage of ethnonyms applied for nomination of the Irish and Scottish. The component “Friend” is presented by such neutral ethnonyms as Scot(s), Scotsman, Scotswoman, Scottish (people) and Scotch. Particular attention is paid to the derogatory marked ethnonyms as fundamental linguistic units that represent the component “Foe”.

Ключевые слова: этноним; свой-чужой; агрессия; оппозиция; Ирландия; Шотландия.
Key words: ethnonym; friend-or-foe; aggression; opposition; Ireland; Scotland.

The current study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the abbreviated version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire, also known as the SNAQ (Short Negative Acts Questionnaire). A Latent Class analysis of 7,790 observation from 38 Belgian organizations demonstrated that four latent classes of respondents can be distinguished in our data:´not bullied`,´work-related criticism´, occasionally bullied´, and´severe targets´. Like with the original full version, both occasionally bullied and the severe targets align with the theoretical definition of workplace bullying as exposure to repeated and systematic negative behavior. The extent to which these clusters report bullying does not only account for their difference, yet also the type of behavior sets the two categories apart. Whereas severe targets had a high probability to report social isolation, this type of social behaviors was more likely to be absent among the occasionally bullied group. The results from the HSD post-hoc test demonstrated that both occasionally bullied and severe targets experienced deteriorating health, more sickness absenteeism and lower for job satisfaction than the two other latent class clusters. Hence, the SNAQ seems to be a psychometrically sound and easy to use instrument to identify targets exposed to varying degrees of workplace bullying.

Een verkenning van de vraag wat de mens moet of kan doen met zijn agressie, in de keuze tussen repressie of ontwikkeling. In lijn met de psychoanalytische voorliefde voor het creatief en bewust omgaan met onze duistere kantjes, vinden we het beeld van non-dualiteit dat resulteert uit een ophouden met veroordelen en opsluiten van agressieve verlangens en een veredeling ervan langsheen de krijgskunst. De enige weg naar vrede lijkt daarmee een verheffen en niet langer verdringen van onze agressie. Een verlichting in plaats van het verduisteren.

Šport, organizacijsko utemeljen na društvenem organiziranju, se je v novejši zgodovini vpel v slovensko družbo. Pojmovno se je po drugi svetovni vojni uveljavil izraz telesna kultura, šport je bil podrejen pojem. Konec osemdesetih let 20. stoletja so nastopile prve spremembe, pojmovne in organizacijske, z razglasitvijo samostojnosti pa nadaljnje in vstop v mednarodni prostor. Prispevek odstira ključne trenutke predosamosvojitve in prve korake v pripravo športne samostojnosti s svojim nacionalnim olimpijskim komitejem ter nato junijsko osamosvojitev in odmev v športu, vključno z domoljubnim aktom slovenskih športnikov. Na drugi strani so se s političnimi in ekonomskimi spremembami v zadnjem desetletju 20. stoletja odprla vprašanja športne tranzicije in razmerja javno-društveno, ki kličejo po zgodovinskih analizah in sintezi. Ključne besede šport, osamosvojitev, Slovenija, Olimpijski komite Slovenije

La agresividad se concibe generalmente como una manifestación o un comportamiento que tiene la intención de provocar algún tipo de daño o aflicción a un tercero. La conducta violenta es un acontecimiento que incide bruscamente en el bienestar de la generalidad y, consiguientemente, en el rechazo y la alarma social, por lo que los investigadores buscan los medios para su comprensión, y las autoridades formales, para su contención. La violencia, en cualquiera de sus manifestaciones, genera preocupación en los diversos contextos; incluso, en los que se encuentran ligados a la seguridad y defensa, donde aparentemente participa activamente, por hacerlo en entornos hostiles, donde la cuestión de la violencia y la agresión es entendida como el uso de la fuerza sobre personas o grupos para forzarlos a comportarse de un modo no deseado. Este trabajo busca señalar las condiciones en las que se engendra la violencia (estructural, personal o conductual), y en qué lugares es más intensa, con base en una perspectiva cualitativa, con un enfoque analítico-reflexivo y de manera descriptiva, para analizar posibles puntos de interés estratégico, a fin de fortalecer la seguridad, para, por ejemplo, aplicarlas a estrategias efectivas de paz. Para este análisis, se observa a grandes rasgos el caso colombiano, donde se enfatiza en la violencia estructural a partir de su análisis.

Background and Purpose: Measures taken to prevent COVID-19 infections, aside from causing disruptions in many facets of our daily life, have impeded education, including the higher education process, as never seen before on a global scale. Recent studies have indicated the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health trajectory of university students. Anxiety and depression can seriously hamper students’ quality of life and educational achievement. This study explored anxiety and depression among university students in Kosovo during the lockdown as a result of COVID-19 pandemics. The study was implemented during the initial phase of the pandemic. This study also explored the impact of selected determinants on the reported mental health of students. Methods: In total, 904 university students from the largest public university in Kosovo were enrolled in a web-based cross-sectional study during the early phase of the national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The first and second hierarchical regression models indicated that the anxiety and depression scores of students were predicted by gender, knowing someone who was infected with COVID-19, concerns about the potential financial impact of measures taken by governments to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and excessive information seeking about COVID-19. The third model improved significantly when the variables concerns about family members’ health, concerns about being lonely, problems with online lectures and requests for help from the university related to online lectures were added to the model. Overall, the findings indicated that situational variables associated with measures taken to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to predict anxiety and depression among students. Conclusion: These findings indicate that universities and public health institutions need to support students, especially the more vulnerable students, in enhancing their skills to cope with mental health problems and distress related to the pandemic and the shift to online learning

ABSTRACT. Aggressiveness is associated to several problems in the child development, with evidences of inverse correlation with empathy that is seen as a possible inhibitor of such behaviors. Based in the referential of the Social Skills, this study evaluates the differences in the frequency of empathic and aggressive behaviors of preschool children, under structured situations demanding such performance. The participants were 28 children, from 4 to 6 years, of both sexes. The data were collected by recording, with subsequent registration of frequency of the different types of empathic and aggressive behavior. The results did not show correlation between the two groups nor differences associated with age or sex, although a greater proportion of empathic behaviors as a tendency in all of the age groups. Qualitative data concerning the types of empathic and aggressive behaviors associated to age groups are presented. The implications of the present work for the research in the area and for child education are discussed. Keywords: empathy; aggressiveness; preschoolers; social abilities; prevention.


RESUMO. A agressividade está associada a vários problemas no desenvolvimento infantil, com evidências de correlação inversa com a empatia que é vista como um possível inibidor de tais comportamentos. Com base no referencial das Habilidades Sociais, este estudo avalia as diferenças na frequência de comportamentos empáticos e agressivos de crianças pré-escolares, sob as situações estruturadas de demandas para tais desempenhos. Participaram 28 crianças, de 4 a 6 anos, de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram coletados por filmagem, com registro posterior de frequência dos diferentes tipos de comportamento empáticos e agressivos. Os resultados não apontaram correlação entre os dois conjuntos nem diferenças associadas à idade ou sexo, embora a maior proporção de comportamentos empáticos tenha sido uma tendência em todas as faixas etárias. São apresentados dados qualitativos dos tipos de comportamentos empáticos e agressivos associados à idade. Discutem-se as implicações do presente trabalho para a pesquisa na área e para a educação infantil. Palavras-chave: empatia; agressividade; pré-escolares; habilidades sociais; prevenção.

Exposure to violence and aggression in the workplace in general and in school in particular has been associated with teacher attrition. However, the underlying processes accounting for this association have not been systematically investigated. This study proposed a mediation model accounting for the above association through the involvement of stress. One hundred and eighty-eight teachers from schools all over northern Israel (92% women; mean age = 43.64; sd = 9.58) filled out measures of exposure to aggression (physical and verbal), demographics, a stress questionnaire, and a brief questionnaire assessing intentions to leave the teaching profession. Path analysis supported a mediation model in which stress levels mediated the association between exposure to physical aggression, followed by exposure to verbal aggression and age and intentions to leave teaching. The results are discussed in light of the existing empirical evidence and theory.

In this article, I discuss the situation of a victim of violence at a junior high school, taking into consideration various forms of peer aggression, such as mobbing, bullying and the problem of the so called hazing. At the beginning, I discuss the aspects of the educational environment of a junior high school, then identify various forms of violence at school, victim selection criteria and perpetrators’ motives. The main goal is to point to some characteristic qualities or behaviour that make some students susceptible to violence, make them victims. What are the consequences, what type of support do the victims need and what is the scale of this problem in Polish schools? The last part of my article is devoted to educational challenges for a school with regard to prevention of peer aggression.