Safranbolu - Tourism versus Conservation

The4th WorldConference for GraduateResearch in Tourism,Hospitality andLeisure 22 - 27 April 2008 , Antalya , Turkey Proceedings Book Editedby Metin KOZAK, Ph.D . Nazmi KOZAK, Ph.D . Organized by Anatolia:An InternationalJournalof TourismandHospitalityResearch Ankara , April 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means_,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or oUwrwise, without the prior pe1mission, in w1iting, from the publisher. ©Copyright Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research The 4th World Conference for Graduate Research in Towism, Hospitality and leisure Proceedings Book 1. Tourism 2. 3. Hospitality Travel Food and Beverage Leisure Recreation Graduate Conference 4. 5. 6. 7. ISNB: 978-975-96260-4-4 Edited by I. Kozak, Metin TT.Kozak, Nazmi Typesetting: Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research Printed in Ankara, Turkey Printing d,1tc:April 2008 Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................... ....... iii Nazmi Kozak - Metin Kozak, The Editors Contents ....................................................................................................................................... vii Res earch Papers Modern Tendencies of Professional Training of Specialists in the Sphere of Tourism in Kazakhstan .................................................. ......................................... .................. 3 A.A. Zholdasbekov - K M Berkinbaev - B. Tasbolat Examining the Image of Italy, France, and Morocco as a Tour ist Desti nation ................... 12 Abdullah Okumu; - Bahar Ya;in Religious Needs in the Touris m Industry ............................................................................... 25 Ad i Weidenfeld Multiple Levels of Consume r Goals in Vacation Decision Making .................... ................ 39 Alain Decrop - Metin Kozak Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Tour ism Marketing towards Turbulent Waters in Education ................................................................................................................... 50 Ari] Cansel - Ali Bavik - Erdojfan Ekiz Evolution of Domestic Tourism in Malaysia .......................................................................... 60 Badaruddin Mohamed - Azizi Bahaudin - Shida Jrwana Omar Measuring Destination Competitiveness : An Application of Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index ............................................. Cag1JHale Kayar - Nazmi Kozak .............................. 72 Privatization of Turkish Airlines in a Deregulating Airline Industry in the Process of Membership Negotiations with the EU ...... ..................................... ........ 86 <;aglaCizem Ciirel - Ebru Tekin A Review for Istanbul Considered as the European Capital of Culture 2010 .................... 96 Candan YJ/dmm - Y. Ece inan - Metin Teberler Changes in Patterns of Trip Plan ning Horizon: A Carhart Analysis Approach .............. 107 Chang Huh - Sung Hee Park The First Plymouth : Pictorial Element and Destination Image .......................................... 125 Christina Bosdou - Graham Busby Sustainable Tourism Development at Underwa ter Archaeological Sites ........................ 130 <;igdem Ozkan Aygiin viii The 4th World Conference for GraduateResearch in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Understand ing Backpacker Motivation: A Travel Career Approach ................................ 139 Cody Paris - Victor Tcyc Hea lth and Services in the Balle Fehx Spa - Romania ......................................................... 154 Dan Mire/a - Lozinca lsabela Using Participatory Rural Appraisal Approach to Conduct Tour ism Skills Development Training among Women in Africa ................................ .................... 161 Desmond 0. Brown Reflectio ns on the Articulation of Tou rism and Psy choanalysis Dimitris Agowidas - Ci.ii Bahar Comcrt-Agouridas - Aydm Beyhan ......................... 172 Importance of Foreign Language in Success of Business for Touri sm Enterprises ..... ... 181 Dogan Kut1.1k1 z - Cengiz Gok - Serdar Baf Ana lysis of the Landscape Design of Hotels and Resorts in Belck .................................... 192 £/jf Dikmen - Dic/e Oguz Natural Condition s, Historical Background and Developmental Subsidies: All It Takes to Succeed! ............................................................................................................ 199 Elvira Bocskei - Balazs Gabor Szita How influent ial is Social Capital in Alliance Performance? ............................................... 211 Esra On at Calvert - Suzanne lvfurrmann An Assess ment of the Positioning of Jamaica's Tourism Product in this Dynamic Glob al Environment .............. ................................... 219 Gaunettc Sinclair Influence of Rec_reational Natural Resource s of the Eastern Highla nds' Region on Tourism Development.. ......................................................................................... 228 Gitana Valukoniene - Rasa Jodiene Event Management and Destination Market ing: Un iversiade 2005 as a Case Study ...... 241 Gokr;e Ozdemi r - Metin Kozak Evaluating the Contr ibutio n of Tourism on Economic Grow th ..................................... ... 254 Juan Gabriel Brida -Juan 5. Pereyra - Maria Jesus Sud1 Devesa Tou rism Impact in the Long -Run Mexican Economic Growth .............................. 265 Juan Gab,ie/ Brida - Edgar JS Carrera - W. Adlin Risso - Stefan F Schubert Cont ribution of Visitor Information Centres (VICs) in Promo ting Natural and Cultu ral Recourses in Emerging Tourism Destinations ............................................... 279 Karipis 1 Konst anfJ11os- Tshnitakis N Emmanouil - Skoults os C Sofoklis Long Hau l Tourism and Climate Change Policies .......... ................................. larr_i' Dw_ver - Peter Forsyth ...... 290 Contents ix Environmen tal Resources as a Source of Sustained Competitive Advantage in Tourism ...................................................................................................... ...... 306 Mada Razumova -Javier Rey -Maquieira -Javier Lozano Perceiv ing Romania as a Sustainable Tourism Destination ................................... ............ 320 Mazilu Mirela - Man11cscu Roxana Construction Forms in Coastal Tourism Development ...................................................... 331 Mc1yem A flk - Hacer Mutlu Danao Predicting the Intention to Purchase Leisure Travel over the Internet: A Regression Analysis ............................................................................................................. 340 Miguel Maita! - Roger Vaughan -Jonathan Edwards - Rita Peres Importance of Lakes Potential for Hospitality and Leisure in Ecotourism ..................... 354 Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari Tourism, International Migration and Nation-State in Globalized World ....................... 368 Muammer Tuna - <;aglarOzbek - Yasin Giindem An Interpretation of Local and Regional Architecture in Global Contexts: A Case Study of Resident ial Touris m Architecture ............................................................. 382 Murat Diindar Responsibility Accou nting: A Useful Management Tool for the Hotel Industry ........... 391 Nalan Altmta~ Sustainab ility Ana lysis: Visitors Impact on Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia ............... 399 Nora in Othman - Nor Asmaf117aMohd Annuar - Lim Lay Kian Tourist Satisfaction and Service Quality in Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia ................ 412 Nora111Othman - Siti Sabariah Ismail - Rozian Mohd. Taha - 1\1asli11aMahdzar Es tablishing Importance of Country Attractiveness in Second Homes .... ....................... 428 Nodjza Aminudin - SoHah Abdul Rahman Safranbolu - Tourism versus Conservation ...... ................................................................... 438 Nu ray Tiirker - Ibrahim Canbulat Financial Analysis of Travel Agencies under Crisis Environment .... ............................... 447 Okta,, Ta~ - Metin Teberler Determining the Cost of Market Segments in the Hotel Industry by Using Activ ity-Based Costing .......................................... ............................................. .................. 453 Oktay Tas - Zeynep Iltu zer Internal Branding in Tourism Destinations: the Need for Future Research ................... 470 Olivia Wagner- Mike Peters - Markus Schuckert Word of Mouth Marketing in Tourism and Travel Industry : Opporhmity or Risk? ...... 487 Ozlem Alikilic X The4th World Conferencefor GraduateResearchin Tourism,Hospitalityand Leisure Role of Women in Tourism Employment. ............................... ............................................. 498 Peter Cave - Sezpil Kzlic Assessing Tourist Total Experience that Influences Satisfaction at Motor Sport Event ....................................................................................................... ............ 507 Rezian -na Muhammed Kassim - Rosidah Musa - Nora1i1 Od1man Role of Mobile Electronic Tourist Guide on the Learning Process .. .................................. 516 Rita Peres - Antonia Correia - Miguel Moital Role of Food in Promoting Chinese Regions on the Web ...... ............................................ 533 Rong Huang Sustainable Tourism Development In Iran ........................................................................... 542 Roxana Faghri Emergence of a Creative City : Antalya a Film-induced Tourism Centre .......................... 552 5 Bahar Durmaz - Koray Vehbeyojflu - Tan Yijfitcanlar Potentials of Hunting Tourism in Kastamonu ....... Sabri Una/ - Sevgi Oztiirk - Ay,5e Kalayo ·················································568 A Study of Cultural Tourism: The Case of Visitors to Prince Edward Island .................. 580 Sean M Hennessey - Dongkoo Yun - Roberta MacDonald - Melissa MacEachem Travel Intentions to a Major Canadian Tourist Destination: The Results of a Web-Based Survey .................................... ............................ ................. ...596 Sean M Hennessey - Dongkoo Yun - Roberta MacDonald - Melissa MacEachem Pro -poor Approach in Tourism as a Means of Ending Poverty: Case study in Nepal and Sri Lanka ................................................................................................................. 615 Shammika D.L.A.H - Krishangani PPG! Towards a Better Understanding of Theme Park Experience ............................................. 624 Shuk Ting Doris lo Control of Ensuring Hygiene in Hospitality Facilities and Check Lists ............................ 632 Sibel Erkal Analysis of the Position and Technical Characteristics of Nav igable Canals of the Hydro system Danube -Tisa -Danube from the Aspect of the Tourist Valorization ......... 643 S'kiljaica Vladimir - Curuvija Milos - Curuvija Ivana Clustering and Web Design as Additional Marketing Tools for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Case Study of Tourism Clusters in the Region of Epirus, Greece ............................................................................................. . 651 Skou ltsos G. Sofoklis - Tsimitakis N Emmanouil - Karipis l Konstanhnos Where Tourism Runs the Economy and Shapes the Culture ............................................ . 663 Taniy a Shah xi Contents Social Impacts of Tourism in Island Communities : An Exploratory Study of Community Perceptions and Participation in Aruba .............. ...................................... .... 680 Thais Nierop - Ryan Peterson New Product Development and Sustainability in Nature-Based Tourism Destinations ............................................................................................................................... 688 Tsimitakis N Emmanouil - Tsigkani E. Vasiliki Mobile Sex in a Global Perspective: The Case of Brazilian Sex Workers .......................... 699 VoonChin Phua Examination of Secondary Data to Portray the Status of Sport Tourism in Turkey ........ 707 Ya vuz YI/d1z - Hasan Fehmi Ma vi Island Tourism of Jeonnam, Korea ............................................................................... ......... 718 Youngsun Shin Measuring Destination Images of European Cities .............................................................. 725 Zehra Boz~ay - Hila/ Ozen Use of Security Aspects in Tourism Servic Management and Marketing ......................... 739 Zeh Demir - Osman Uzun -Ha/dun Miiderriso!Jlu Intercultural Differences and the Heritage Tourism Experience: An Exploration of Western and Chinese Values ............. .................................................................................... 749 Zheng Zhou - Steve Butts Dissertations Do we Need them Clustered? Competition, Cooperation and Knowledge Transfer between Visitor Attractions ................................................................................ .... 761 Adi Weidenfeld An Exploratory Study of the Conceptual Framework of the Low Cost Carrier - Airport Relationship Development in Southeast Asia ......................................... 763 Cheuk Ki £fiver Lin Regional Tourism Development along Australia's Murray River : Building Competitive Advantage through Business Clustering ........................................................ 765 Clare Lade Transfer of Learned Skills to Changed Behavior in Malaysian Hotel Industry: Impact on Performance ............................................................ ............................................... 767 Fadzilah Jvlohd Shanff Adaptive Strategies for Sustainable Regional Development: The Case Study of Tourism in Coastal Alentejo Region ...................................................... 769 Fernando Teigao dos Santos xii The 4th WorldConference for Graduate Researchin Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure A Discourse on Space Quality Criteria in Guest Rooms for the Creation of Loyalty ................................................................................................................... 771 HandcEgel Experiences of Polish Migrants Working in the Hosp itality Industry ............................... 773 Hannafanta Future Planning and Design Possibilities for Tourism Development Areas and Tourism Fac ilities ................................... ............................................................... 775 Hanm Sev1i11; Tourism and its Effects on the Economic Variables .............................. .............................. 777 Mehdj Shafaghatj Charvadch Exam ining the Relationship of Leadership Style and Organizationa l Culture with Employee Satisfaction in Ma laysia Hotel ........................................................................ ...... 778 Norwahidah Abd WahM Positive and Negative Internal Branding Effects of Destination Branding on Destination Development ..... .............................................. . .................................................. 780 Q]jvia Wagner Extraordinary Exper iences in Foodie Culture : A Virtual Ethnography ............................ 782 Pamela Watson Community-ba sed Tourism: Con su mer Beha vior in Homestay Malaysia ................. ..... 784 Salamiah A. Jamal Travel Law and Effet Utile: The Right to Transfer a Booking and the Claim for Particip ation in the Journ ey ..................................................................... ......................... 786 Stephan Keiler Hospitality Management Perspecti v..eson Casino Tourism in Thailand .. Supatcharajd Jjtpraphaj ............. . 788 Creating Space for 'Cultural and Heritage' w ithin 'Ecotourism': A Case Study of Chaiyaphum Province, Northeast of Thailand ............ ............................. ...................... 790 Titiyawadee Punmanee Thesis Qinghai -Tibet Railway and its Socio-Economic Impacts on the Destination Development of Lhasa, Tibet ..................................................................................... 795 Candace, Fu Sui Tuen Tourism and the Cultural Industry : A Viable Growth and Job-creatio n Strategy for :vlozambique .................................. ........................................................................... Cassandra Z111cl11i11· ... 797 Content s xiii A Lifestyle Segmenta tion Analysis of the Backpac ker Market : Target ing a :v!obile Population Through Onli n e Communitie s .......................................... ................... 798 Cody Pan s Exper ien ces of British Citizens in Didim : A Case of Lifesty le Migration ........................ 800 FalHiye Oz/em Nud rali Reasons an d Suggeste d Solutions of Unde rde velop ment of The rmal Touri sm in Turkey .......................................................................................................... ......... 802 Feryal Dal Rationale for Tour ism-based Pluria ctivity on Farms in S.W. England .............................. 803 Ian McKjn /ey Developing a Framewor k for an Environmental Assessment Method for Chinese Restauran ts in Hong Kong ......................................................................... 805 Jennj/cr Y. lo Perceived Importance of Wine Regions' and Wineries' Features from the Perspect ive of Po tentia l Israeli Visitors ................................................................................. 807 Uvnat Ben-Nun Commodification of Backpacking .......................................................................................... 809 Ma1* J Salvaggjo An Investigation of Influencing Factors on Tou rists' Shoppi ng Attitude of Irania n Handmade Car pet .................................................................................................................... 811 Marz ich Yazdanj Dimensions of Qua lity Serv ice Del ivery at the Airpo r t on Custome rs' Satisfaction ....... 813 Mosh iane Maseko The Desert Que en Trip' : A Journ ey of Gender and Nationality ................... ..................... 815 Na 'ama Shake d - l evy 'World He ritage Site' - Is It a Brand Name? ................. ........................................................ 817 Raviv COHEN Implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the Hotel Industry ..................................................................................................... RoyaRahimj .......... . 819 Typology of Inbound Tour ists Visit ing Iran ......................................................................... 821 Sahamaz Amirtahmaseb Promotion of Metropolitan Area of Oradea .......................................................................... 823 nnte Adjna Ramona From "Familial Vacation" to "Vacations for Families" ................................ Yael Ram ............. 825 Effective Factors for Attrac ting Medical Tourism in Iran ................................................... 827 Zahra Kazemi The 4th Wor ld Conference for Graduate Research in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure: 438--:--22- 27 April 2008, Antalya , T .,-. Printed in Turkey. All rights rese" ;,: = ISBN: 978 -975 -9626C- Safranbolu -TourismVersusConservation Nuray TURKER Tourism Management Karabi.ik University, Turkey E-m ail: tnuray @hotmail .com ThrahimCANBULAT Consultant Canbulat&Canbulat Tourism and Trading Co., Turkey E-ma1J:Ibrahim @canbulat.com.tr ABSTRACT Safranbolu can be desc ribed as a Gem City which developed her crystallized beauty in long lastec negligence. With her more than 1200 registered historic monuments, she ranks in 3rd position afte• Istanbul and Bursa. Starting with the extensive academic surveys and researches in 60s as well as early 70s, Safranbolu became a model for historic city conservation in Turkey. Having been ·rcluded in UNESCO World Cultural Heritage, in 1995 highlighted its name in intellectua spheres .Being acquainted with tourism started in 90s by the initiations of TTOK and opening of ve", first touristic hotel after the restoration of one of the largest mansions in Safranbolu . Althoug" towns like Beypazan, Mudurnu, TaraklI, etc. this time. In this paper we will discuss the passed 15 years of Safranbolu in cultural tourism parallel to the developments of conservation practice. There are about 40 historic mansions which were restored as hotels, almost all historic market turned to souvenir shops, and cityscape has been face lifted to satisfy the expectations of tourists . The development of cultural tourism and interaction with conservation will be discussed within the framework of ICOMOS - International Cultural Tourism Charter. Key words: Cultural tourism, historic city, conservation . INTRODUCTION Due to the positive economic impact on economics, the governments have su pported tourism that has created a boom in the sector especially after the Second World War, and eventually affected all social, natural, cultural and phys ical systems, negat ively and positive ly in all extends. In short, while tourism affec ts economics of a region positively, affects all other systems negatively or po sitively and time to time on both opposite directions . Of course, tourism increases the income of the population in region , creates a good atmosphere for ResearchPapers 439 social and cultural interaction of the different societies and all these create bet ter understanding in different nations and support friendship and peace. Whereby, all these affect historical, natural and cultural values as well as traditions and beliefs of the society, negatively according to some actors . This multidirectional effect of tourism on human and natural values attracts the interest of mu ltidisciplinary researchers as well as politicians and executives. For example, local executives arc interested in criminal site of the interaction of locals and guests; politicians are interested in cost and benefit of tourism and finally, academic corps surveys the behavior of locals by placing those relations into interdisciplinary canvas. (Hernandez et al. 1996:755) CULTURAL TOURISM Development of cultural tourism is the fastest of all. It is stated that has been grooving in number by as much as 15% per annum in the last decade and very likely that will keep the same pace . European Commission discovered that 20% of tourists visits Europe were made for cultural purposes. Furthermore, culture was a main component of travel for 60% of the visitors. (WTO 2001: 4-5) Cultural tourism and heritage are closely interdependent. While speaking about the tourism versus va lues of the host community, we should underline the similarity between cultural tourism versus heritage sites and monuments. In this paper, we will discuss the effects of cultural tourism on Safranbolu, which is World Cultural heritage mainly on tangible values but we should show it affected intang ible values, as well, knowing that getting in touch with the host community is an integral part of cultural tourism . Whereby, we should mention about an important NGO, which is ICOMOS to highlight its very valuable charters on the use of tangible cultural heritages within the context of different parameters . Cultural tourism is one those which is in strong interaction with the heritage sites and monuments . Please refer to ICOMOS "Charter of Cultural Tourism" which is made in 1994 and "8 th Draf t, for Adoption by lCOMOS at the 12th General Assembly, Mexico, October 1999". We like to quote the following from the 8th Draft as follows: • Plinciple 1 - Since domestic and international tourism is among the foremos t vehicles for cultural exchange, conservation should provide responsib le and well managed opportunities for members of the host community and visitors to experience and understand that community's heritage and culture at first hand. 440 The4th World Conferencefor GraduateResearchin Tourism,Hospitality and Leisure • • Principle 2- The relationship between Heritage Places and Tourism is dynamic and may involve conflic ting values . It should be managed in a sustainable way for present and future generations. Principle 3 - Conservation and Tourism Planning for Heritage Places should ensure that the Visitor Experience will be worthwhile, satisfy ing and enjoyable. • Principle 4 - Host communities and ind igenous peoples should be involved in p lanning for conservation and tourism . • Piinciple 5 - Tourism and conservation host community. • Principle 6 - Tourism promotion programmes should protect and enhance Natural and Cultural Heritage characteristics. activities should benefit the SAFRANBOLU AS A GEM CITY By her around 1200 regi stered historic monuments, Safranbolu ranks third after Istanbul and Bursa while second percentagewise (2%) after Istanbul, only . Losing aJl of her economic functions like transportation services, industry and agriculture, Safranbolu turned to an abandoned settlement from 1920s until 1970s. Due to many reasons, it was almost fossilized until its being rediscov ered by some academic corps. By the effectiv e influenc e of the acad em icians, the people of Safranbolu recognized the value of their inheritance but did not know how to exploit. In 1990s, two important things altered the future of Safranbolu, effectively. First are the initiatives of TTOK (Turkey's Touring and Automobile Club) by purchasing one of the most impressive mansions of Safranbolu and restoring it as a hotel. Second is being list ed as World Heritage by UNESCO. From then on the tourism developed rapidly and Safranbolu became a model for simi lar historic towns in Turkey. In Exhibit 1 & 2, w e like to show the development of tourism in Safranbolu. 40.000 20.000 0 -1---'--'---'-----'---- - - - - ~-'----...-'------'--,-----4 1993 1997 1998 1999 2CXX) 2001 2002: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2:CXJ7 Exhibit J. N umb er of touri st lodg ings (So urce Safra n bo lu Tour ist Inform ation Office) ---ResearchPapers 441 Average 16% of the stays are by foreigners. The Office of Tourism of Safran bolu estimates that excurs ionists as almost four times of the lodg ings . Therefore, as a roug h estimate Safranb olu will attract around 700 000 tour ists in 2008. ~ 0-l-~-------------1999 2XX) 2001 2002 ----'---- -- -----'--'-' 2003 2004 2005 2003 2007 Years Exhjbjf 2. Number of hote l beds (Source: Safra n bolu Tour ist Information Office) Between 1999 and 2007, wh ile the number of hote l beds is increased 3.15 times, the number of tourist lodging is increased only 2.56 times. This of course puts the hotels under the pressure of tougher competit ion . From the same figures, we find the occupancy rate of h otel beds in Safra n bolu in 2007 as 19%, wh ich is very low in all respects . If we look at the dist ribution of beds into various categor ies, we see that 4 city hotels w ith 2-3 stars have tota l 371 beds, either Ministry of Cu lture and Tou rism of Mu nicipality licensed ren ovated histo ri c 55 ma n sions have total 1280 beds which we will refer later on and 26 family op era ted guest houses h ave total 335 beds, presently (Source : District Government of Safranbolu) . In Exhibit 3, we show the distribution of lodgings along the mont h s as average of recent four years. The irreg u larities in the d istribution of the lodg ings of local tour ists are caused by the opening and closing of sch ools as we ll as relig ious h olidays . The 4th World Conference for Graduate Researc h in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure 442 8CXX) ! □ Local o Faeign j 3000 200'.) 1<XX>I I-------0- 1 - 2 - -~ 3 .- 4 ----5 - 6 -, 7 8 9 -. 10 - 11 ✓ 12 Exhibit 3. Monthly distribution of lodgings. (Source: Safranbolu Tourist Information Office) CONSERVATION OF SAFRANBOLU Safranbolu has a unique difference than almost all of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Turkey. Except Istanbul, all others are mostly natural or cultural sites and monume n ts whe re there is no social life exists. This is the advantage of Safranbolu whe re you can experience the daily life, the traditions as well ass the int ang ible her itage of the host community. On the other hand, this creates a real burden into the restoration process. Any restoration project has to consider human values like its social life and cu lture. On the other hand, Safranbol u is unique with her completely preserved physical values like, streets with walls and p aveme n ts, shops, tanneries, baths, houses wit h gardens, etc. In shor t, not only ind ividual but also complete cityscape has been inherited. Al l these had been the reasons for the selection as World He ritage by UNESCO . No t only the governing body and executives of Safranbolu but also the tourism actors should care these delicate characteristics. The main aim of this pape r is to high ligh t the interaction of tourism and cultural her itage by discussing the development of tourism in Safranbolu . The inventory of the historic buildings was publ ishe d in Official Gazette in 1987 and the legislative frame has been put into force after the decree of the Muni cipality of Safranbol u was made in 1975. The very first project was realized as the fai;ade and roof restoration in two streets and Yemeniciler Aras tas1 I ... Research Papers 443 of Safranbolu by the finance of the Minis try of Culture in 1994. As we stated above, TTOK had put Havuzlu Asmazlar Mansion in service as a hotel with a restaurant in same years . In the last 10 years, the restoration of almost all public and religi ous building have been completed and presented to the service. Par allel to the activities of the governmental organizations, many private investors bought important amount of historic mansions and renovated them for touristic use . The number of mansions, which are in service, is 55 with a lodging capacity of 1280 beds as of 2008. Unfortunately, the development of tourism has brought some bad effects on restoration when only the market parameters were uncontrollably effective. Only with a simple calculation, we can find out that the average number of beds in restored mans ion s is around 23. We know from the district registrations that the average number of famil y was 5 - 6 until 20th Cen tury. This indicates mass tourism and its severe effects on historic monumen ts. We can not only blame on the hosts but also on the travel agents or tourism related commercial corps. Presently, most of the historic mansions turned into dormitories and no more are authentic Ottoman mansions in which you can find the Genus loCJ~ anymore. More important than this is the install a tion of many bathrooms into the timber construction, which is not resistant to humidity . One may think that it is absurd to support city hotels in a tou rist-historic city but they are actually life-jackets to decrease the pressure of mass tourism on man sions . Within this perspective, we support a reasonable number of city hote ls where groups and businesspersons can stay . Unfortunately, solution to this problem is not easy . It can only be achieved by the responsible in volvement of all actors. Accordi ng to the survey of Tiirker (2006: 26) a great majority of tourists stated that the infrastructure and municipality services were not adequate . Afterwards, it is understood that the main rea son of complains are related to the clumsy pavement of Safranbolu streets which are valuable parts of the pattern, indeed. Nowadays, we have a very clever so lution to those complains . An investor started operating club-cars within the his toric dis tric t of Safranbolu, by the su pport of head-sets, which provide infor mation in 3 languages . Although bein g the best of all sim ilar historic towns like Mud urnu , Beypazan, Tarakli, etc. Safranbo lu is also vulnerable to the actions of inexperienc ed and uneduca ted local deci sion makers . For many of those, restoration is syno nym of face-l ifting . Even, in Safranbolu we have experi enced some decorative repair works like varnishing the wooden parts or using modern paints and chemicals, which turn a 150 years old mansion into modern villas . For a better 444 The4th World Conferencefor GraduateResearchin Tourism, Hospitalityand Leisure understanding, you should refer to the photos of Beypazan where the lost wooden parts of old mansions have been imitated by brown paints on white plasters. Commercialization of tourism had also affected the central business district of historic Safranbolu, once it was all related to the processing of leather goods made by the famous tanneries of Safranbolu. There are only one or two samples left after all turned to souvenir shops where simple products which are made either in China or India . All the characteristics of the business district have been lost and unfortunately, no valuable solution has been put into. Tiirker's another survey was on host communities perceptions related to tourism and tourists (Tiirker, 2006). From this survey, we know that the host community is disturbed of higher living expenses and real estate prices. This is a serious trouble for the historic district of Safranbolu. Presently, about 5 - 6 000 people live in the historic houses of Safranbolu. This create a very genuine social life in the historic district. Unfortunately, tourism brings not only positive impacts but also negative effects on the host community. If these problems will not be solved, the host community will most probably leave its p lace either to higher income groups or to commercial function in which hotels and other tourism related services will be majority. Eventually, the historic district will lose its authentic social characteristics and may tum to a theater's stage. CONCLUSION Presently, UNESCO Turkey National Committee is working on the Management of Heritage Sites, which need to have been composed of multidisciplinary and unbound members to optimize the objectives of various actors seeking the values of human being. Any piecemeal approach to the solution of problems will only harm the historic sites. Even accepting that tourism injects valuable sources for the conservation and restoration, the tourism activities should be orchestrated by a special managerial committee in historic sites. ResearchPapers 445 almost a ree totally agree IMPACTS OF TOURISM I disagree No answer Total n % n % n % n % n % Increase in noise and in the population of the city 47 15 101 32 122 38 47 15 317 100 Corruption in family relations 36 11 68 22 169 53 44 14 317 100 138 44 119 38 27 8 33 10 317 100 Increase in good manners 74 23 138 44 64 20 41 13 317 100 Corruption in morality 31 10 109 34 136 43 41 13 317 100 31 10 99 31 138 44 49 15 317 100 Increase in employment opportunities Corruption in tradition and customs Increase in infrastructure standards Commercialism in handicrafts Cultural conflicts between the local people and visitors due to the disrespectful behaviors of 77 24 141 45 53 17 46 14 317 100 159 50 96 30 25 8 37 12 317 100 38 12 113 36 116 37 50 15 317 100 Spoilage of cultural heritage related to touristic activities 28 9 46 15 191 60 52 16 317 100 Pollution in natural resources 27 9 83 26 152 48 55 17 317 100 Inadequacy of public utility services 41 13 62 20 170 54 43 13 317 100 Increase in crime in the city 22 7 68 22 172 54 55 17 317 100 Increase in social activities 126 40 107 34 27 8 57 18 317 100 Increase in investment 118 37 119 37 37 12 43 14 317 100 57 18 113 35 94 30 53 17 317 100 Increase in cost of living Increase in the cost of land and real estates 133 42 106 34 33 10 45 14 317 100 168 53 83 26 29 g 37 12 317 100 People became more materialist 165 52 88 28 24 8 40 12 317 100 visitors Increase in traffic jam ExNbJ't 5 Residents' perceptions related to the impacts of tourism REFERENCES C., Uysal, M., Williams , D .R. (1997) . A Theoretical Analysis of Host Communit Reactions to Tourism, Joumal of Travel Research, XXXVI,2:3-11 . Jurowski, Lindberg, K., Johnson, R.L. (1997). The Economic Tourism Research, XXIV,1:90-116 . Hernandez, S. A., Cohen, J., Garcia, Values of Tourism's H.L. (1996) . Residents' Enclave, Annals of Tourism Research, XXIII,4:755-779. Att itudes Social Impacts, toward y Resident Annals of an Ins tan t Resort 446 The 4th WorldConferencefor GraduateResearch in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Choy, D.J.L. (1991). Tourism Planni ng: The Case for Market Failure, Tourism Management, Xl:313-330. Bull, A. (1991). The Economics of Travel and Tourism, Longma n Ches hire, Melbo urne . Brunt, P ., Courtney, P. (1999). Host Perce p tions of Socio-cultura l Impacts, Annals of Tourism Re search, XXVI,3:493-515. Ashwor th, G. J. (2000) The Tourist-Historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Man aging the Heritage City. Pergamon, Amsterdam. McKer cher , B., Cros, H. (2002). Cultural Tourism: The Partnership Between Towism and Cult ural Heritage Management THHP , New York WTO (2000). Cultural Heritage and Tourism Development: A Report on the Intemational Conference on Cultural Tourism, Madri d.