Anexo-I Guia-CCP POISE 2018-1
Anexo-I Guia-CCP POISE 2018-1
Anexo-I Guia-CCP POISE 2018-1
04/2018
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ÍNDICE
Listagem de Anexos
Anexo I | Lista da legislação comunitária e nacional relevante
Anexo II | Lista de contratos
Anexo III | Decisão da Comissão C (2013) 9527, de 19‐12‐2013
Anexo IV | “Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in
projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds” (orientação elaborada
pela Comissão Europeia, em conjunto com o Banco Europeu de Investimentos)
Anexo V | Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesses)
Anexo VI | Guia de boas práticas no combate ao conluio na contratação pública
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1. NOTA PRÉVIA
A Autoridade de Gestão do Programa Operacional Inclusão Social e Emprego (PO ISE), doravante
designada por AG, tem por obrigação assegurar a divulgação das oportunidades de acesso ao
financiamento público oferecidas pelo Programa e transmitir aos beneficiários, potenciais e efetivos, os seus
direitos e obrigações, garantindo a boa execução das operações apoiadas e mitigando os riscos de
ocorrência de desconformidades.
Nos termos do nº 2 do artigo 26.º do Decreto‐lei n.º 137/2014, de 12 de setembro, compete às AG verificar
a conformidade das despesas com a legislação aplicável, com o Programa Operacional e com as condições de
apoio da operação. Complementarmente, a alínea i) do n.º 1 do artigo 27.º do mesmo normativo legal
estabelece que compete à Comissão Diretiva dos Programas Operacionais garantir o cumprimento dos
normativos aplicáveis em matéria de contratação pública.
A contratação pública tem vindo a assumir particular relevância ao longo dos últimos períodos
de programação, implicando um conhecimento detalhado da legislação que lhe está associada,
legislação essa que nem sempre é fácil de interpretar e aplicar por parte dos beneficiários;
De acordo com o disposto na alínea c) do n.º 4 do artigo 125.º do Regulamento (UE) n.º
1303/2013, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 17 de dezembro de 2013, as AG devem
estabelecer medidas antifraude eficazes e proporcionadas, constituindo a contratação pública
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uma das áreas onde se considera existir maior incidência do risco de ocorrência de fraude;
Nos termos da alínea c) do n.º 2 do artigo 125.º do Regulamento (UE) n.º 1303/2013 e alínea c) do
n.º 3 do artigo 26.º do Decreto‐Lei n.º 137/2014, as AG devem disponibilizar aos beneficiários
as informações pertinentes para realizarem as operações.
Neste enquadramento, a AG divulgou, em julho de 2016, um “Guia de Contratação Pública”, o qual se aplicava
aos procedimentos iniciados após a entrada em vigor, em 30/07/2018, do Decreto‐Lei n.º 18/2008, de 29
de janeiro, que aprova o Código dos Contratos Públicos (CCP).
Considerando que a 01/01/2018 entrou em vigor a revisão do CCP aprovada pelo Decreto‐Lei n.º 111‐
B/2017, de 31 de agosto, a qual tem um impacto substancial e direto na vida dos agentes económicos, torna‐
se necessário proceder à publicação de um novo “Guia de Contratação Pública”, a aplicar aos procedimentos
iniciados após 01/01/2018.
Este “Guia de Contratação Pública” visa:
Sensibilizar os beneficiários para a relevância da matéria da contratação pública, demonstrando
que, se por um lado, o cumprimento da legislação nacional e comunitária em matéria de contratação
pública é essencial para a boa gestão dos fundos, o seu incumprimento, pode levar à aplicação de
correções financeiras, com a consequente perda de financiamento;
Dotar os beneficiários de um conjunto de informações que se consideram fundamentais para o
entendimento do tema em causa e para a prevenção da ocorrência de irregularidades na fase de
formação e execução dos contratos e, por conseguinte, na execução das operações financiadas;
Divulgar um conjunto de recomendações e boas práticas, com o propósito de prevenir a ocorrência
de fraude na aplicação dos fundos públicos;
Potenciar o alinhamento estratégico entre a AG e os beneficiários dos apoios concedidos pelo PO
ISE.
Em complemento às recomendações e boas práticas divulgadas através do presente Guia, a Autoridade de
Gestão do PO ISE encontra‐se a desenvolver a nova “Checklist do beneficiário para verificação dos
procedimentos de contratação pública”, a aplicar aos procedimentos iniciados após 01/01/2018 e
abrangidos pelas operações financiadas pelo PO ISE, a qual será, tão breve quanto possível, divulgada aos
beneficiários.
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2. ENQUADRAMENTO LEGAL
A contratação pública encontra‐se prevista e regulada em diplomas comunitários e nacionais,
designadamente, no Código dos Contratos Públicos (CCP), publicado em anexo ao Decreto‐lei n.º 18/2008,
de 29 de janeiro, o qual foi alvo de inúmeras alterações, tendo sido recentemente republicado no anexo III
ao Decreto‐Lei n.º 111‐B/2017, de 31 de agosto, retificado pelas Declarações de Retificação n.ºs 36‐A/2017
e 42/2017, de 30 de outubro e 30 de novembro, respetivamente.
O Decreto‐Lei n.º 111‐B/2017, de 31 de agosto, procede à nona alteração ao CCP e transpõe para o
ordenamento jurídico nacional as seguintes Diretivas Europeias de Contratação Pública:
Diretiva n.º 2014/23/UE 1 Contratos de Concessão
Diretiva n.º 2014/24/UE2 Contratos públicos em geral
Diretiva n.º 2014/25/UE Contratos públicos dos setores especiais
Diretiva n.º 2014/55/UE Faturação eletrónica nos contratos públicos
No Anexo I ao presente Guia é listada a legislação nacional e comunitária relevante em matéria de
contratação pública.
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3. ÂMBITO DE APLICAÇÃO DO CCP
3.1. Enquadramento legal da entidade (âmbito subjetivo)
Todas as pessoas coletivas que sejam consideradas “entidades adjudicantes”3 são obrigadas a cumprir o
estabelecido no CCP.
O artigo 2.º do CCP destaca duas categorias de entidades adjudicantes:
Organismos pertencentes ao
Organismos de direito público
setor público administrativo tradicional
(N.º 2 do artigo 2.º do CCP)
(N.º 1 do artigo 2.º do CCP)
3 A denominação “entidade adjudicante” apenas é válida para a fase de formação dos contratos: uma vez celebrado o contrato, as entidades adjudicantes
Com o intuito de clarificar a alínea a) do n.º 2 do artigo 2.º do CCP, apresenta‐se, de seguida, a interpretação
dos sub‐requisitos e conceitos que lhes servem de base:
i. Tenham sido criadas especificamente para satisfazer necessidades de interesse geral, sem
carácter industrial ou comercial, entendendo‐se como tal aquelas cuja atividade económica se
não submeta à lógica concorrencial de mercado, designadamente por não terem fins lucrativos
ou por não assumirem os prejuízos resultantes da sua atividade
Sub‐Requisitos Notas interpretativas
Os dois sub‐requisitos acima enunciados (“satisfação de necessidades de interesse geral” e “sem carácter
industrial e comercial”) devem observar‐se cumulativamente.
ii. Sejam maioritariamente financiadas por entidades referidas no n.º 1 do artigo 2.º ou por
outros organismos de direito público, ou a sua gestão esteja sujeita a controlo por parte dessas
entidades, ou tenham órgãos de administração, direção ou fiscalização cujos membros tenham,
em mais de metade do seu número, sido designados por essas entidades
Sub‐requisitos Notas interpretativas
A avaliação deste requisito pressupõe que uma ou mais entidades referidas no n.º 1 do
Mais de metade dos
membros dos órgãos de artigo 2º dispõem da maioria dos direitos de voto na assembleia geral de uma pessoa
administração, direção coletiva, direta ou indiretamente, devendo a análise ser efetuada com base na certidão
ou fiscalização, tenham permanente e/ou na ata da tomada de posse ou instrumento de nomeação.
sido designados por
entidades referidas no O controlo de gestão e o poder de designar a maioria dos titulares dos órgãos sociais
n.º 1 do artigo 2.º
consubstanciam uma influência dominante.
Os três sub‐requisitos enunciados na tabela supra não são cumulativos, pelo que basta que um deles se
verifique, cumulativamente com os dois sub‐requisitos previstos no ponto i., para que uma determinada
entidade seja considerada como adjudicante.
Refira‐se que o n.º 1 do artigo 7.º do CCP define outro tipo de entidades adjudicantes pertencentes aos
setores especiais da água, da energia, dos transportes e dos serviços postais.
As regras previstas no CCP são ainda aplicáveis às entidades não referidas no artigo 2.º ou no artigo 7.º, nos
termos previstos nas alíneas a) e b) do n.º 1 do artigo 275.º.
Independentemente de a entidade ser classificada como adjudicante, existem contratações às quais poderá
não se aplicar o CCP (ou parte dele):
Contratos não sujeitos ao CCP, quer no que respeita à formação quer no que
Contratos
respeita à execução.
Excluídos
• Artigo 4.º do CCP
CONTRATOS EXCLUÍDOS
CONTRATAÇÃO EXCLUÍDA
Contratos de direito Contratos cujo objeto abranja prestações que não estão nem sejam
internacional; suscetíveis de estar submetidas à concorrência do mercado,
Contratos individuais de designadamente em razão da sua natureza ou das suas
trabalho e contratos de trabalho características, bem como da posição relativa das partes no contrato
em funções públicas; ou do contexto da sua formação
Contratos de doação de bens Contratos no âmbito do sector público;
móveis a favor de qualquer Contratos de aquisição de serviços de educação e formação
entidade adjudicante; profissional (<750.000€);
Contratos de compra e venda, de Contratos de aquisição que tenham por objeto os serviços de saúde e
doação, de permuta e de de carácter social (<750.000€);
arrendamento de bens imóveis Contratos celebrados com uma entidade adjudicante, resultante de
ou contratos similares. um direito exclusivo;
Contratos cujo objeto consista na atribuição de subsídios e
subvenções por parte das entidades do n.º 1 do artigo 2.º do CCP;
Contratos celebrados entre entidades adjudicantes e centrais de
compras públicas para a prestação de serviços de compras
centralizadas;
Contratos de aquisição de serviços de investigação e
desenvolvimento abrangidos pelos códigos CPV referidos no anexo
VIII do CCP, desde que se verifiquem cumulativamente as duas
condições previstas na alínea j) do artigo 5.º;
Contratos considerados secretos ou cuja execução deva ser
acompanhada de especiais medidas de segurança; |12
Outros contratos previstos no artigo 5.º./artigo 5º‐A/artigo 5º‐
B/artigo 6º‐A.
Relativamente à contratação excluída, apresentam‐se ainda as seguintes clarificações:
Contratos no âmbito do setor público (artigo 5º ‐A)
A parte II do CCP não é aplicável no caso da contratação in‐house vertical, ou seja, de “mãe” para
“filha”, desde que se verifiquem, cumulativamente, os três requisitos abaixo enunciados:
Alínea a) do n.º 1 do artigo 5.º‐A:
Dependência jurídica: a entidade adjudicante exerça, direta ou indiretamente, sobre a
atividade da outra entidade (adjudicatária), isoladamente ou em conjunto com outras
entidades adjudicantes, um controlo análogo ao exercido sobre os seus próprios serviços.
Existe controlo análogo quando a entidade adjudicante tem uma influência decisiva sobre
os objetivos estratégicos e as decisões relevantes da entidade controlada, nos termos do n.º
3 e n.º 4 do artigo 5.º‐A do CCP.
Relações in‐ Alínea b) do n.º 1 do artigo 5.º‐A:
house (n.º 1 do Dependência económica: a entidade controlada desenvolve mais de 80% da sua atividade
artigo 5.º‐A) para entidades do grupo institucional da entidade controlante.
Alínea c) do n.º 1 do artigo 5.º‐A:
Não haja participação direta de capital privado na entidade controlada, salvo se for exigido
por imposições legais do direito interno, não contrarie as regras do direito comunitário e
não exerçam influência decisiva na pessoa coletiva controlada.
De acordo com o n.º 2 do artigo 5º‐A, a contratação in‐house é alargada nos seguintes casos:
In‐house vertical invertido (bottom up): a entidade “filha” adquire a entidade “mãe”;
In‐house entre entidades irmãs: em que as entidades controladas por uma mesma
entidade “mãe” contratam entre si.
Contratos de aquisição de serviços sociais e de outros serviços referidos no Anexo IX do CCP (serviços de
saúde, serviços sociais, serviços de ensino e outros serviços específicos) (n.º 1 do art.º 6º‐A).
A parte II do CCP não é aplicável à formação dos contratos públicos que tenham por objeto os serviços sociais e de
saúde, bem como os serviços de ensino (CPV 80000000‐4 a 80660000‐8 constantes do Anexo I ao Regulamento (CE)
n.º 213/2008, de 28 de novembro de 2007), desde que o valor de cada contrato seja inferior ao limiar previsto na
alínea d) do n.º 3 do artigo 474.º (750.000€ ou 1.000.000€, no caso de contratos celebrados por entidades que
operam nos setores especiais da água, energia, transportes e serviços postais).
Ressalva‐se, no entanto, que a estes contratos são aplicáveis os princípios gerais da contratação pública (artigo 1.º‐
A do CCP).
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Nos casos em que o valor de cada contrato é igual ou superior a esse limiar, devem aplicar‐se as regras dos artigos
250.º‐A a 250.º‐C do CCP.
4. PROCEDIMENTOS PARA FORMAÇÃO DE CONTRATOS
Peças do procedimento
Procedimento
(artigo 40.º do CCP)
Anúncio
Concurso público Programa do procedimento
Cadernos de encargos
Anúncio
Programa do procedimento
Concurso limitado por prévia qualificação
Convite à apresentação de propostas
Caderno de encargos
Anúncio
Programa do procedimento
Procedimento de negociação
Convite à apresentação de propostas
Caderno de encargos
Anúncio
Programa do procedimento
Memória descritiva
Diálogo concorrencial
Convite à apresentação de soluções
Convite à apresentação de propostas
Caderno de encargos
Anúncio
Programa do procedimento
Parceria para a inovação
Convite à apresentação de propostas
Caderno de encargos
Relativamente às peças do procedimento, importa salientar, que: |15
a) em caso de divergência da informação constante das peças do procedimento, as indicações
constantes do programa do procedimento, do caderno de encargos e da memória descritiva,
prevalecem sobre as indicações do anúncio ‐ n.º 4 do artigo 40.º;
b) em caso de divergência, as peças de procedimento prevalecem sobre as indicações constantes da
plataforma eletrónica de contratação (a qual é obrigatória para todos tipos de procedimento com
exceção do Ajuste direto e da Consulta Prévia) – n.º 5 do artigo 40.º do CCP.
4.2. Escolha do procedimento (artigo 18.º do CCP)
A escolha do procedimento deve ser fundamentada e cabe ao órgão competente para a decisão de contratar
(artigo 38.º do CCP).
Por princípio, a escolha do procedimento de Ajuste Direto, Consulta Prévia, Concurso Público ou Concurso
Limitado por Prévia Qualificação é determinada pelo valor do contrato. Não obstante, em determinadas
situações previstas nos artigos 23.º a 33.º do CCP, o procedimento poderá ser escolhido em função de
critérios materiais ou de outras regras.
4.2.1. Valor do contrato (artigos 17º a 22º do CCP)
Nos termos do n.º 1 do artigo 17.º do CCP, o valor do contrato é o valor máximo do benefício económico que,
em função do procedimento adotado, pode ser obtido pelo adjudicatário com a execução de todas as
prestações que constituem o seu objeto.
Para a escolha do procedimento, deve‐se ter em conta não só o preço a pagar pela entidade adjudicante ou
por terceiros, mas também o valor de quaisquer contraprestações a efetuar em favor do adjudicatário e
ainda o valor das vantagens que decorram diretamente para este da execução do contrato e que possam ser
configuradas como contrapartidas das prestações que lhe incumbem (n.º 2 do artigo 17.º). Só assim se
escolherá o procedimento adequado evitando, assim, a fraude às regras da concorrência.
Nos termos do n.º 8 do artigo 17.º do CCP, o valor do contrato não pode ser fracionado com o intuito de o
excluir do cumprimento de quaisquer exigências legais constantes do CCP.
Importa ainda referir que, nos casos em que a entidade adjudicante fixe um valor estimado do contrato, é
necessária a devida fundamentação com base em critérios objetivos utilizando como referência
preferencial, os custos médios unitários de prestações do mesmo tipo adjudicados em anteriores
procedimentos promovidos pela entidade adjudicante.
Ajuste Direto – regime simplificado
Consulta Prévia
Concurso público ou concurso limitado por prévia qualificação de âmbito nacional (sem
publicação no JOUE)
Concurso público ou concurso limitado por prévia qualificação de âmbito nacional (com
publicação no JOUE)
Para efeitos de aferição do disposto nos artigos 19.º e 20.º do CCP apresentam‐se no quadro infra os limiares
comunitários aplicáveis a partir de 01/01/2018:
N.º 3 do Artigo N.º 4 do Artigo
N.º 2 do Artigo
474.º do CCP 474.º do CCP
474.º do CCP
‐ setores gerais ‐ ‐ setores especiais ‐
Tipos de Contratos Regulamento Regulamento Regulamento
Delegado (UE) Delegado (UE) N.º Delegado (UE) N.º
N.º 2017/2366, 2017/2365, de 2017/2364, de
de 18/12 18/12 18/12
Contratos de concessão de serviços
5.548.000,00 € ‐ ‐
públicos e obras púbicas
Contratos de empreitada de obras
‐ 5.548.000,00 € 5.548.000,00 €
públicas
Contratos públicos de fornecimento de
bens, de prestação de serviços e de
‐ 144.000,00 €
concursos de conceção adjudicados pelo
Estado
443.000,00 €
Contratos públicos de fornecimento de
bens, de prestação de serviços e de
‐ 221.000,00 €
concursos de conceção adjudicados por
outras entidades adjudicantes
Este regime visa evitar as situações em que a entidade adjudicante adota diferentes procedimentos com o
objetivo de não adotar um procedimento contratual mais exigente.
Esta disposição não se aplica relativamente a procedimentos de bens e serviços cujo valor seja inferior a €
80.000, ou empreitadas e obras públicas cujo valor seja inferior a € 1.000.000,00, desde que o valor do
conjunto dos procedimentos não exceda 20% deste limite.
Adjudicação por lotes – Artigo 46.º‐A do CCP
O atual CCP admite e incentiva que, em determinadas situações, as entidades adjudicantes prevejam, nas
peças do procedimento, a adjudicação por lotes, com vista a promover a participação das pequenas e médias
empresas, dado que a divisão dos contratos mais avultados em lotes irá permitir a empresas, que à partida
não teriam uma situação financeira nem uma estrutura organizacional adequadas para a execução da
totalidade do contrato, candidatarem‐se à execução de partes do contrato ou de contratos com objeto mais
restrito.
Nesse sentido, o CCP prevê o dever de fundamentação da não contratação por lotes nas aquisições ou
locação de bens e aquisições de serviços de valor superior a 135.000,00 € e nas empreitadas de obras
públicas de valor superior a 500.000,00 €, admitindo apenas dois fundamentos para essa situação (alíneas
a) e b) do n.º 2 do artigo 46.º‐A):
Adicionalmente, a entidade adjudicante pode limitar o número máximo de lotes que podem ser adjudicados
a cada concorrente, devendo indicar essas limitações no convite ou no programa do procedimento, bem |18
como os critérios objetivos e não discriminatórios em que se baseie a escolha dos lotes a adjudicar a cada
concorrente.
O que distingue o regime previsto no artigo 22.º do CCP (“divisão em lotes”) do regime previsto no artigo
46.º‐A do CCP (“adjudicação por lotes”) é o facto de, no primeiro, estarmos perante a adoção de
diferentes procedimentos e, no segundo, estarmos perante a adoção de um único procedimento.
4.2.2. Critérios materiais
Um outro método de escolha do procedimento é a verificação de um dos critérios materiais tipificados nos
artigos 23.º a 30.º‐A do CCP, que, permite, sem prejuízo das exceções expressamente previstas, a celebração
de contratos de qualquer valor.
Para que seja possível utilizar este critério, o órgão competente para a decisão de contratar tem a
necessidade de fundamentar de forma clara e objetiva que a situação em concreto reúne todos os
pressupostos previstos em alguma das alíneas dos artigos 24.º a 27.º do CCP.
Nos termos do artigo 27.º‐A, nas situações previstas nos artigos 24º a 27º, deve adotar‐se o procedimento
de consulta prévia, sempre que o recurso a mais de uma entidade seja possível e compatível com
fundamento invocado para adoção deste procedimento.
4.2.3. Outras regras
4.2.3.1. Tipo de contrato
O artigo 31.º do CCP estabelece o regime de escolha do procedimento em função do tipo de contrato
(concessão de obras públicas, de serviços públicos e contrato de sociedade).
4.2.3.2. Contratos mistos
Contratos mistos são aqueles cujo objeto abrange duas ou mais prestações de tipo diferente (por exemplo:
um contrato que abranja, simultaneamente, o fornecimento de bens móveis e a prestação de serviços).
Nos termos do n.º 1 do artigo 32.º do CCP, só é permitida a celebração de contratos mistos, quando as
prestações a abranger pelo respetivo objeto forem, técnica ou funcionalmente, incindíveis ou, não o sendo,
se a sua separação causar graves inconvenientes para a entidade adjudicante.
4.2.3.3 Atividade da entidade adjudicante
O artigo 33.º do CCP identifica a metodologia de escolha do procedimento adequado tendo em conta a |19
atividade da entidade adjudicante – Contratos nos setores especiais.
Este normativo comina que, sem prejuízo da escolha do procedimento do ajuste direto tendo em conta os
critérios materiais previstos nos artigos 24.º a 27.º, para a formação de contratos que digam direta e
principalmente respeito a uma ou a várias atividades exercidas nos setores da água, da energia, dos
transportes e dos serviços postais pelas entidades adjudicantes referidas no n.º 1 do artigo 7º do CCP, estas
entidades devem adotar, em alternativa, o concurso público, o concurso limitado por prévia qualificação, o
procedimento de negociação, o diálogo concorrencial, ou ainda, se cumpridos os pressupostos previstos no
artigo 30.º‐A, a parceria para a inovação.
5. TRAMITAÇÃO PROCEDIMENTAL
Neste ponto apresenta‐se apenas a tramitação procedimental associada aos tipos de procedimentos para a
formação de contratos mais utilizados – Ajuste direto (simplificado e regime geral), Consulta prévia,
Concurso público (normal e urgente) e Concurso limitado por prévia qualificação.
5.1. Ajuste direto simplificado
São condições obrigatórias do ajuste direto simplificado:
Contrato de aquisição ou locação de bens móveis ou aquisição de serviços – preço
contratual inferior ou igual a 5.000€;
Contratos de empreitadas e obras públicas – preço contratual inferior ou igual a 10.000€;
Prazo de vigência até 1 ano, inclusive, a contar da decisão de adjudicação, não podendo ser
prorrogado;
Adjudicação direta sobre fatura ou documento equivalente, feita pelo órgão competente
para a decisão de contratar;
O preço contratual não é passível de ser revisto;
Dispensa de tramitação eletrónica.
Este procedimento dispensa a existência de quaisquer outras formalidades previstas no CCP, incluindo as |20
relativas à celebração do contrato e à publicitação prevista no artigo 465.º.
5.2 Ajuste direto ‐ regime geral
São condições obrigatórias do ajuste direto regime geral:
Contrato de aquisição ou locação de bens móveis ou aquisição de serviços – valor do contrato
inferior a 20.000€ ((alínea d) do n.º 1 do artigo 20.º do CCP);
Contrato de empreitadas e obras públicas –valor do contrato inferior a 30.000€ (alínea d) do
artigo 19.º do CCP);
Sem limite de valor se o procedimento for escolhido com base em critério material;
Convite a uma entidade;
Dispensa de tramitação eletrónica.
Apresenta‐se na tabela infra a tramitação deste procedimento:
Fases Base legal
1. Decisão de contratar N.º 1 do Artigo 36.º do CCP
2. Decisão de escolha do procedimento Artigo 38.º do CCP
3. Aprovação das peças do procedimento N.º 2 do Artigo 40.º do CCP
4. Envio do convite N.º 4 do artigo 115.º do CCP
5. Esclarecimentos, retificação e alteração das
Artigos 50.º e 116.º do CCP
peças procedimentais
6. Apresentação da proposta Artigos 62.º e 62.º‐A
7. Análise da proposta Artigo 70.º
8. Adjudicação: notificação e anúncio Artigos 73.º; 76.º a 78.‐Aº e 125.º do CCP
9. Apresentação de documentos de habilitação Artigos 81.º a 87.º‐A do CCP
44 De modo a que a consulta prévia se traduza em efetiva concorrência, não devem ser convidadas, num mesmo procedimento, várias entidades que
estejam interligadas entre si, designadamente pelo facto dos sócios ou acionistas serem os mesmos.
Publicitação dos contratos celebrados ‐ Ajuste Direto e Consulta Prévia
Nos termos do artigo 127.º do CCP, a celebração de quaisquer contratos na sequência de consulta prévia
ou ajuste direto deve ser obrigatoriamente publicitada no portal BASE para contratos de qualquer valor.
Esta publicitação é condição de eficácia do respetivo contrato, independentemente da sua redução ou
não a escrito, nomeadamente para efeitos de quaisquer pagamentos, sendo dispensada nos casos do
regime simplificado (n.º 3 do artigo 128.º).
5.4 Concurso público normal
São condições obrigatórias do concurso público normal:
Publicitação de anúncio no jornal oficial nacional – Diário da República;
Publicitação de anúncio no Jornal Oficial da União Europeia, no caso de contrato de valor
superior ao limiar comunitário.
Pode‐se adotar o procedimento de concurso público sempre que a entidade adjudicante assim o entender.
No entanto, quando o valor do contrato a celebrar for superior aos limiares comunitários, o anúncio deve
ser, obrigatoriamente, publicado no Diário da República e no Jornal Oficial da União Europeia.
Neste procedimento não existe uma fase de avaliação da capacidade técnica e/ou financeira dos
concorrentes, isto é, não existe nenhuma fase prévia de qualificação dos concorrentes.
Sem prejuízo das exceções legalmente previstas, apresenta‐se na tabela infra a tramitação deste
procedimento:
Fases Base legal
1. Decisão de contratar Artigo 36.º do CCP
2. Decisão de escolha do procedimento Artigo 38.º do CCP |23
3. Aprovação das peças do procedimento N.º 2 do artigo 40.º do CCP
4. Designação do júri Artigo 67.º do CCP
5. Anúncios Artigos 130.º e 131.º do CCP
6. Disponibilização eletrónica das peças do concurso Artigo 133.º do CCP
7. Esclarecimentos, retificação e alteração das peças
Artigo 50.º do CCP
procedimentais
8. Apresentação das propostas Artigos 62.º, 62.º‐A e 135.º a 137.º do CCP
9. Lista dos concorrentes e Consulta das propostas
Artigo 138.º do CCP
apresentadas
10. Análise e avaliação das propostas e
Artigo 70.º, 72.º e 139.º do CCP
esclarecimentos sobre as mesmas
11. Leilão eletrónico (fase eventual) Artigos 140.º a 145.º do CCP
12. Relatório preliminar Artigo 146.º do CCP
13. Audiência prévia Artigo 147.º do CCP
14. Relatório final Artigo 148.º do CCP
15. Negociações (fase eventual) Artigos 149.º a 154.º do CCP
16. Adjudicação: notificação e anúncio Artigos 73.º e 76.º a 78.º‐A do CCP
17. Apresentação de documentos de habilitação Artigos 81.º a 87.º‐A do CCP
18. Prestação da caução Artigos 88.º a 91.º do CCP
19. Celebração do contrato Artigos 94.º a 106.º do CCP
Critério de adjudicação: critério da proposta economicamente mais vantajosa para a entidade
adjudicante na modalidade de avaliação do preço ou custo enquanto único aspeto da execução
do contrato a celebrar.
Ao concurso público urgente são aplicáveis as regras do concurso público “normal”, com exceção das que
dizem respeito a (artigo 156.º do CCP):
Esclarecimentos, retificação e alteração das peças procedimentais (artigo 50.º do CCP);
Prorrogação do prazo fixado para apresentação das propostas (artigo 64.º do CCP);
Júri do concurso (artigos 67.º a 69.º do CCP);
Esclarecimentos e suprimento de propostas e candidaturas (artigo 72.º do CCP);
Caução (artigos 88.º a 91.º do CCP);
Lista dos concorrentes e consulta das propostas apresentadas (artigo 138.º do CCP);
Preparação da adjudicação: Relatório preliminar, audiência prévia e relatório final (artigos
146.º a 148.º do CCP);
Fase de negociação das propostas (artigos 149.º a 154.º do CCP).
Destacam‐se as seguintes especificidades do concurso público urgente:
É publicitado no Diário da República através de anúncio, aplicando‐se o disposto no artigo
133.º quanto à disponibilização eletrónica do programa do concurso e do caderno de encargos
(artigo 157.º do CCP);
O prazo mínimo para a apresentação das propostas é de 24 horas, no caso de aquisição ou
locação de bens móveis ou de aquisição de serviços, e de 72 horas, no caso de empreitada de |24
obras públicas, desde que o prazo decorra integralmente em dias úteis (artigo 158.º do CCP);
O prazo da obrigação de manutenção das propostas é de 10 dias, não havendo lugar a qualquer
prorrogação (artigo 159.º do CCP);
Da decisão de adjudicação devem constar os motivos da exclusão de propostas enumerados no
n.º 2 e 3 do artigo 146.º (n.º 1 do artigo 160.º);
O adjudicatário deve apresentar os documentos de habilitação exigidos no prazo de 2 dias a
contar da data da notificação da adjudicação, sem prejuízo do programa do procedimento
poder fixar um prazo inferior (artigo 161.º do CCP).
6. FIGURAS ESPECIAIS
6.1 Agrupamento de entidades adjudicantes – Artigo 39.º do CCP
O CCP prevê expressamente a possibilidade de as entidades adjudicantes se agruparem com vista à:
Quando se agruparem para um destes efeitos, as entidades adjudicantes devem designar qual delas constitui
o representante do agrupamento que terá competência para conduzir o procedimento de formação do
contrato ou do acordo‐quadro a celebrar.
No entanto, as seguintes decisões devem ser sempre tomadas conjuntamente pelos órgãos competentes de
todas as entidades que integram o agrupamento:
A decisão de contratar;
A decisão de escolha do procedimento;
A aprovação das peças do procedimento;
A designação do júri; |26
A decisão de qualificação dos candidatados (quando o procedimento escolhido tiver fase de prévia
qualificação);
A decisão de adjudicação;
Restantes atos cuja competência esteja atribuída ao órgão com competência para a decisão de
contratar.
O facto de as entidades adjudicantes se agruparem reflete‐se, necessariamente, nas regras aplicáveis à
escolha do procedimento. Assim:
No caso de o agrupamento ser integrado por alguma entidade adjudicante do setor público
administrativo tradicional (n.º 1 do artigo 2.º), o ajuste direto, a consulta prévia, o concurso público
ou o concurso limitado por prévia qualificação, adotado ao abrigo da regra geral de escolha do
procedimento só permite a celebração de contratos de valor inferior ao mais baixo dos limites
referidos nos artigos 19.º e 20.º, consoante o caso.
Só pode ser adotado um procedimento em função de um dos critérios materiais previstos nos
artigos 23.º a 33.º do CCP, quando tal critério se verifique relativamente a todas as entidades
agrupadas.
6.2. Acordos‐quadro (artigo 251º a 259.º do CCP)
É um contrato celebrado entre uma ou várias entidades adjudicantes e uma ou mais entidades, com vista a
disciplinar relações contratuais futuras a estabelecer ao longo de um determinado período de tempo,
mediante a fixação antecipada dos respetivos termos – artigo 251º CCP.
O CCP prevê duas modalidades de acordos‐quadro:
Com uma ou várias entidades (alínea a) do n.º 1 do artigo 252º) – nos casos em que no acordo‐
quadro estejam suficientemente especificados todos os aspetos da execução dos contratos a
celebrar ao seu abrigo.
Para a celebração de contratos ao abrigo desta modalidade de acordos‐quadro deve adotar‐se o
ajuste direto5, independentemente do valor do contrato a celebrar – o que configura um critério
material, nos termos previstos na alínea b) do n.º 2 do artigo 26.º do CCP (n.º 1 do artigo 258º).
Quando exista mais do que um cocontratante no acordo‐quadro, o adjudicatário é selecionado de
acordo com os critérios objetivos estabelecidos no caderno de encargos do acordo‐quadro, não
havendo reabertura da concorrência (n.º 2 do artigo 258º).
O conteúdo dos contratos a celebrar ao abrigo desta modalidade de acordos‐quadro deve
corresponder às condições contratuais estabelecidas no acordo‐quadro, não sendo necessária a
elaboração de um caderno de encargos (n.º 3 do artigo 258º). No entanto, a entidade adjudicante
pode solicitar ao adjudicatário (cocontratante do acordo‐quadro) que pormenorize aspetos
constantes da sua proposta (n.º 4 do artigo 258.º).
Os contratos devem
São especificados todos
corresponder às
os aspectos da execução
condições contratuais
dos contratos a celebrar
estabelecidas no acordo‐
ao seu abrigo
quadro |27
Deve adotar‐se o
Permite celebração de
procedimento de ajuste
contratos de qualquer
direto para a formação
valor sem publicação em
de contratos ao abrigo
DR ou JOUE
destes acordos‐quadro
Nos termos previstos no n.º 5 do artigo 259.º do CCP, para a celebração de contratos ao abrigo desta
modalidade de acordo‐quadro, não é necessária a elaboração de um caderno de encargos, desde
que o convite indique:
Deve adotar‐se o
Deve cumprir as regras
procedimento de consulta
previstas no acordo‐quadro
prévia para a formação
para a formação e execução
de contratos ao abrigo
dos contratos
destes acordos‐quadro
Nos termos do artigo 255.º do CCP, salvo disposição em contrário constante do caderno de encargos relativo
ao acordo‐quadro, as entidades adjudicantes não são obrigadas a celebrar contratos ao seu abrigo, mas se
o fizerem, o cocontratante do acordo‐quadro obriga‐se a celebrar contratos nas condições naquele
previstas, desde que requeridas pela entidade adjudicante.
O prazo de vigência dos acordos‐quadro não pode ser superior a quatro anos, incluindo quaisquer
prorrogações expressas ou tácitas. A fixação de um prazo de vigência do acordo‐quadro superior deverá ser
fundamentada (n.º 1, 2 e 3 do artigo 256.º do CCP).
Ressalva‐se, no entanto, que nos termos do artigo 48.º do CCP, o prazo de vigência dos contratos de locação
ou de aquisição de bens móveis ou de aquisição de serviços (incluindo os celebrados ao abrigo de acordos‐
quadro) não pode ser superior a três anos, salvo se essa situação se encontrar devidamente fundamentada
no caderno de encargos.
A extinção do acordo‐quadro não tem qualquer efeito sobre os procedimentos já iniciados ou sobre os
contratos celebrados ao abrigo do mesmo.
As entidades adjudicantes abrangidas por sistemas de compra vinculada ao abrigo de um acordo‐quadro,
ficam excecionadas dessa vinculação, caso demonstrem que, para uma dada aquisição ou locação de bens
móveis ou aquisição de serviços, a utilização do acordo‐quadro levaria ao pagamento de um preço, por
unidade de medida, pelo menos, 10% superior ao preço demonstrado pela entidade adjudicante para objeto
com as mesmas características e nível de qualidade, nos termos do previsto no artigo 256º‐A).
O artigo 257.º do CCP define as regras gerais aplicáveis à celebração de contratos ao abrigo de acordos‐
quadro, destacando‐se as seguintes:
6.3. Centrais de Compras (artigo 260º a 266.º do CCP)
|29
Tanto as entidades adjudicantes do setor público administrativo tradicional como os “organismos de direito
público” podem constituir centrais de compras para centralizar a contratação de empreitadas de obras
públicas, de locação e de aquisição de bens móveis e de aquisição de serviços (n.º 1 do artigo 260º).
A constituição, a estrutura orgânica e o funcionamento das centrais de compras regem‐se por diploma
próprio (n.º 3 do artigo 260º).
As centrais de compras destinam‐se às seguintes atividades principais (n.º 1 do artigo 261º):
Adjudicação de propostas de execução de empreitadas de obras públicas, de fornecimento de bens
móveis e de prestação de serviços a pedido e em representação de entidades adjudicantes;
Locação ou aquisição de bens móveis e aquisição de serviços destinados a entidades adjudicantes
nomeadamente por forma a promover o agrupamento de encomendas;
Celebração de acordos‐quadro designados contratos públicos de aprovisionamento, que tenham
por objeto a posterior celebração de contratos de empreitadas de obras públicas ou de locação ou
de aquisição de bens móveis ou de aquisição de serviços;
Instituição de sistemas de aquisição dinâmicos para utilização por parte das entidades
adjudicantes, pelos mesmos abrangidos;
Instituir catálogos eletrónicos para utilização por parte das entidades adjudicantes.
Adjudicação de contratos públicos de prestação de atividades auxiliares de aquisição, que
consistam no apoio às atividades de aquisição.
O Decreto‐lei n.º 37/2007, de 19 de fevereiro, definiu os princípios orientadores do sistema nacional de
compras públicas (SNCP) e procedeu à criação da Agência Nacional de Compras Públicas, EPE (ANCP),
atualmente designada por ESPAP – Entidade de Serviços Partilhados da Administração Pública, I.P.
Nos termos deste diploma, o SNCP integra, além da ANCP, as Unidades Ministeriais de Compras (UMC), as
entidades compradoras vinculadas6 e as entidades compradoras voluntárias7, funcionando ainda junto da
ANCP, como órgão consultivo, a Comissão Interministerial de Compras.
Sendo a segregação das funções de contratação e de compras e pagamentos um dos princípios basilares do
SNCP, a contratação pelas entidades compradoras de bens móveis e serviços que façam parte da categoria
de obras, bens e serviços, definidos nas portarias dos membros do Governo responsável pela área das
finanças (Portaria n.º 772/2008, de 6 de agosto, substituída pela Portaria n.º 420/2009, de 20 de abril,
revista por sua vez pela Portaria n.º 103/2011, de 14 de março) e por portarias dos membros do Governo
responsáveis pelas áreas das finanças e do sector (consultar as diversas portarias publicadas referentes às
diferentes UMC), respetivamente, deve ser efetuada de forma centralizada pela ANCP ou pelas UMC, nos
moldes definidos no n.º 1 do artigo 5.º do Decreto‐lei n.º 37/2007, de 19 de fevereiro.
O Regulamento n.º 330/2009, de 30 de julho, veio definir as regras concretas sobre o funcionamento do
SNCP.
Nos termos do n.º 4 do artigo 5.º do Decreto‐lei n.º 37/2007, de 19 de fevereiro conjugado com o n.º 1 do
artigo 256.º‐A do CCP, para as entidades compradoras vinculadas é obrigatória a contratação centralizada |30
de obras, bens móveis e serviços abrangidos pelas categorias definidas nas Portarias acima referidas, sendo‐
lhes proibida a adoção de procedimentos tendentes à contratação direta, salvo nas seguintes situações:
mediante autorização prévia expressa do membro do Governo responsável pela área das finanças
ou do conselho diretivo da ESPAP, I.P., se lhe tiver sido delegada tal competência, precedida de
proposta fundamentada da entidade compradora interessada;
caso demonstrem que, para uma dada aquisição ou locação de bens móveis ou aquisição de
serviços, a utilização do acordo‐quadro levaria ao pagamento de um preço, por unidade de medida,
pelo menos, 10% superior ao preço demonstrado pela entidade adjudicante para objeto com as
mesmas características e nível de qualidade.
Para as entidades compradoras voluntárias, de acordo com o estipulado no n.º 2 do artigo 9.º do
Regulamento n.º 330/2009, a não aquisição centralizada de bens móveis e serviços, nos termos e dentro
dos limites constantes dos respetivos contratos de adesão e no que diz respeito às categorias de bens móveis
e serviços objeto desses contratos, é fundamento de resolução do referido contrato, por parte da ESPAP, I.P.
7. MECANISMOS DE PREVENÇÃO DA OCORRÊNCIA DE FRAUDE
De acordo com o n.º 2 do artigo 59.º do Regulamento (UE) n.º 966/2012, do Parlamento Europeu e do
Conselho, de 25 de outubro de 2012, os Estados Membros devem tomar todas as medidas necessárias,
incluindo medidas legislativas, regulamentares e administrativas, para proteger os interesses financeiros
da União Europeia, nomeadamente através da prevenção, deteção e correção de irregularidades e fraudes.
Para além do estabelecido na alínea h) do artigo 72.º do Regulamento (UE) n.º 1303/2013, do Parlamento
Europeu e do Conselho, de 17 de dezembro de 2013 – os sistemas de gestão e controlo dos programas
devem assegurar a prevenção, deteção e correção de irregularidades, incluindo fraudes, e a recuperação de
montantes indevidamente pagos – a alínea c) do n.º 4 do artigo 125.º do mesmo regulamento institui que
as Autoridades de Gestão devem estabelecer medidas antifraude eficazes e proporcionadas, tendo em
consideração os riscos identificados.
Nesse quadro legal, a AG do PO ISE definiu os pilares da sua estratégia antifraude e do processo de gestão
de risco, designadamente de fraude, escorada nas orientações emanadas pela Agência para o
Desenvolvimento e Coesão, I.P. e pela Comissão Europeia, e que encontra suporte na sua Declaração de
Política Antifraude. Nesta declaração, a AG do PO ISE formaliza e exprime, a nível interno e externo, a sua
posição oficial no que concerne à fraude e à corrupção e compromete‐se a manter elevados padrões
jurídicos, éticos e morais e a respeitar os princípios da integridade, objetividade e honestidade.
Com esta estratégia, a AG pretende promover uma cultura antifraude, com base no princípio da “tolerância |31
zero”, no que respeita a práticas fraudulentas, e na aplicação dos princípios de cultura ética por parte de
todos os seus dirigentes e colaboradores.
A estratégia antifraude da AG visa garantir a adoção de medidas antifraude eficazes e proporcionadas, tendo
em conta os riscos identificados no âmbito da sua atividade e estabelece o seu posicionamento em relação
à fraude, assim como os procedimentos a serem seguidos relativamente a este tema, nos domínios da
prevenção, deteção e correção da fraude.
Considerando que a contratação pública é uma das áreas onde se considera existir maior incidência do risco
de fraude, a AG está empenhada em desenvolver mecanismos de prevenção adequados às novas exigências
nesta matéria, entre os quais a divulgação do presente guia, do qual fazem parte integrante um conjunto de
recomendações suscetíveis de contribuir para a prevenção da ocorrência de fraude na aplicação dos fundos
públicos.
De entre essas recomendações, destaca‐se, em particular, a adoção da “Checklist do Beneficiário para
verificação dos procedimentos de contratação pública”, que deve ser aplicada pelo beneficiário a cada
procedimento de contratação pública abrangido pela operação financiada.
Pese embora a AG tenha já divulgado, através da Circular Normativa n.º 1/UC/2017, de 21 de março, uma
“Checklist do Beneficiário para verificação dos procedimentos de contratação pública” a adotar para os
procedimentos de contratação pública iniciados até 31/12/2017, a mesma deixa de ser aplicável com a
publicação do Decreto‐Lei n.º 111‐B/2017, de 31 de agosto, ou seja, não deve ser adotada para os
procedimentos iniciados após 01/01/2018.
A nova checklist encontra‐se em fase de elaboração pela AG, prevendo‐se a sua divulgação a breve prazo.
8. VERIFICAÇÕES DE GESTÃO
Nos termos da alínea a) do n.º 4 do artigo 125.º do Regulamento (UE) n.º 1303/2013 e da alínea a) do n.º 2
do artigo 26.º do Decreto‐lei n.º 137/2014, de 12 de setembro, a AG assegura a realização de verificações
de gestão garantindo a legalidade, conformidade e regularidade da despesa, por via da conferência
apropriada dos aspetos administrativos, financeiros, técnicos e físicos das operações.
Desde logo, em sede de análise de candidaturas, a AG tem que garantir que as candidaturas que reúnem
condições técnicas para aprovação e que iniciaram em data anterior à data de submissão são sujeitas a
verificações em matéria de contratação pública.
Para esse efeito, e tendo por base a “Lista de Contratos” (Anexo II) apresentada pelas entidades, a AG
desenvolve, por amostragem, testes de conformidade suscetíveis de garantir o cumprimento da legislação
nacional e comunitária aplicável.
Salienta‐se que os procedimentos que não tiverem sido objeto de análise em sede de candidatura, por não
estarem ainda concluídos ou não terem sido selecionados na amostra, serão analisados em sede de
execução, por via de verificações de gestão. A AG tem a obrigação de verificar, por cada operação, todos os
contratos acima dos limiares comunitários e uma amostra mínima de 30 contratos abaixo dos limiares,
quando existirem.
O incumprimento pelos beneficiários da legislação nacional e comunitária em matéria de contratação |32
pública leva à aplicação de correções financeiras, nos termos das Orientações anexas à Decisão da Comissão
C (2013) 9527, de 19‐12‐2013. De salientar que esta Decisão dispõe, em anexo, uma tabela de correções
financeiras, designada por Tabela COCOF (Anexo III).
9. RECOMENDAÇÕES AOS BENEFICIÁRIOS
No que respeita à contratação pública, constitui requisito fundamental de todo e qualquer beneficiário que
pretenda aceder a fundos públicos, a devida documentação do processo de contratação e a justificação de
todas as decisões tomadas neste âmbito, de forma a garantir a regularidade e legalidade das despesas
associadas, caso venham a ser posteriormente objeto de verificação ou auditoria.
No sentido de alinhar os procedimentos no âmbito da contratação pública e de fomentar as melhores
práticas nesta matéria, com vista à prevenção da ocorrência de fraude na aplicação dos fundos públicos, a
AG do PO ISE, recomenda aos beneficiários que:
Em conformidade com o disposto no artigo 290.º‐A do CCP, designem um gestor do contrato, com
a função de acompanhar permanentemente a execução do contrato. Caso o gestor detete desvios,
defeitos ou outras anomalias na execução do contrato, deve comunicá‐los de imediato ao órgão
competente pela decisão de contratar, propondo em relatório fundamentado as medidas corretivas
que, em cada caso, se revelem adequadas. Nos termos da alínea i) do n.º 1 do artigo 96.º do CCP, a
identificação do gestor do contrato deve constar do contrato, quando este for reduzido a escrito;
Consultem o documento “Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most
common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds” (Anexo IV),
elaborado pelos serviços da Comissão Europeia, em conjunto com o Banco Europeu de |33
Investimentos, o qual chama a atenção para os erros mais frequentes e divulga boas práticas a
adotar no âmbito da tramitação de procedimentos de adjudicação de contratos públicos;
Adotem políticas relativas a conflitos de interesse, promovendo a existência de:
8 Alerta‐se que a Tabela COCOF prevê uma correção financeira de 100% sobre a despesa que esteja associada a irregularidades de contratação pública
|34
“RELAÇÕES ESPECIAIS” – A existência de relações especiais no âmbito de procedimentos de contratação
pública assume especial relevância por ser passível de consubstanciar uma situação geradora de conflito
de interesses.
O n.º 4 do artigo 63.º do Código do Imposto sobre o Rendimento das Pessoas Coletivas (CIRC) contém
uma definição do conceito de relações especiais, estabelecendo que:
"Considera‐se que existem relações especiais entre duas entidades nas situações em que uma tem o poder de exercer,
direta ou indiretamente, uma influência significativa nas decisões de gestão da outra, o que se considera verificado,
designadamente, entre:
a) Uma entidade e os titulares do respetivo capital, ou os cônjuges, ascendentes ou descendentes destes, que detenham,
direta au indiretamente, uma participação não inferior a 20 % do capital ou dos direitos de voto;
b) Entidades em que os mesmos titulares do capital, respetivos cônjuges, ascendentes ou descendentes detenham, direta
ou indiretamente, uma participação não inferior a 20 % do capital ou dos direitos de voto;
c) Uma entidade e os membros dos seus órgãos sociais, ou de quaisquer órgãos de administração, direção, gerência ou
fiscalização, e respetivos cônjuges, ascendentes e descendentes;
d) Entidades em que a maioria dos membros dos órgãos sociais, ou dos membros de quaisquer órgãos de administração,
direção, gerência ou fiscalização, sejam as mesmas pessoas ou, sendo pessoas diferentes, estejam ligadas entre si par
casamento, união de facto legalmente reconhecido au parentesco em linha reta;
e) Entidades ligadas por contrato de subordinação, de grupo paritário au outro de efeito equivalente;
f) Empresas que se encontrem em relação de domínio, nos termos do artigo 486.º do C6digo das Sociedades Comerciais;
g) Entidades cujo relacionamento jurídico possibilita, pelos seus termos e condições, que uma condicione as decisões de
gestão da outra, em função de factos ou circunstâncias alheias à própria relação comercial ou profissional;
h) Uma entidade residente au não residente com estabelecimento estável situado em território português e uma entidade
sujeita a um regime fiscal claramente mais favorável residente em pais, território au região constante da lista aprovada
por portaria do membro do Governo responsável pela área das finanças".
A existência de relações especiais entre empresas ou empresas e os seus sócios ou gerentes constitui um
fator potenciador de uma situação de conflito de interesses, mas não implica, por si só, uma
irregularidade. A realização de correções financeiras assentes em tal factualidade tem lugar quando,
comprovadamente, se verifique que, no âmbito de um procedimento, as entidades em questão ou os seus
responsáveis obtiveram algum tipo de vantagem pessoal, direta ou indireta, decorrente da preterição
das obrigações que sobre si impendiam por força do seu envolvimento no referido procedimento.
Aconselha‐se a leitura do “Guia prático para gestores”, elaborado por um grupo de peritos dos Estados‐
Membros sob a coordenação da Unidade de Prevenção de Fraude da OLAF, o qual aborda a matéria dos
conflitos de interesses nos processos de adjudicação de contratos públicos (Anexo V).
Cofinanciado por:
UNIÃO EUROPEIA
LEGISLAÇÃO NACIONAL
Aprova o Código dos Contratos Públicos, que estabelece a
disciplina aplicável à contratação pública e o regime substantivo
Decreto‐Lei n.º 18/2008, de 29/01
dos contratos públicos que revistam a natureza do contrato
administrativo
Declaração de Retificação 18‐A/2008, de 28/03
Lei n.º 59/2008, de 11/09
Decreto‐Lei n.º 223/2009, de 11/09
Decreto‐Lei n.º 278/2009, de 02/10
Lei n.º 3/2010, de 27/04
Decreto‐lei n.º 131/2010, de 14/12
Alterações ao Decreto‐lei n.º 18/2008, de 29/01
Lei n.º 64‐B/2011, de 30/12
Decreto‐Lei n.º 149/2012, de 12/07
Decreto‐Lei n.º 214‐G/2015, de 2/10
Decreto‐lei n.º 111‐B/2017, de 31/08
Declaração de Retificação 36‐A/2017, de 30/10
Declaração de Retificação 42/2017, de 30/11
Decreto‐Lei n.º 37/2007, de 19/02 Cria o Sistema Nacional de Compras Públicas
Estabelece os termos a que deve obedecer a apresentação e
Decreto‐Lei n.º 143‐A/2008, de 25/07 receção de propostas, candidaturas e soluções no âmbito do
Código dos Contratos Públicos |1
Estabelece os modelos de anúncio de procedimentos pré‐
Portaria n.º 701‐A/2008, de 29/07 contratuais previstos no Código dos Contratos Públicos a
publicitarem no Diário da República
Portaria n.º 701‐D/2008, de 29/07 Aprova o modelo de dados estatísticos
Regula a constituição, funcionamento e gestão do portal único
Portaria n.º 701‐F/2008, de 29/07 da Internet dedicado aos contratos públicos (Portal dos
Contratos Públicos)
Define os requisitos e condições a que deve obedecer a
utilização de plataformas eletrónicas pelas entidades
Portaria n.º 701‐G/2008, de 29/07
adjudicantes, na fase de formação dos contratos públicos, e
estabelece as regras de funcionamento daquelas plataformas
Aprova o Regulamento de Publicação de Atos no Diário da
Despacho Normativo n.º 35‐A/2008, de 29/07 República. Revoga o Despacho Normativo 38/2006, de 30 de
junho
Estabelece as categorias a centralizar pela ESPAP e UMC e fixa a
Portaria n.º 772/2008, de 6/08
regra da sucessão de regimes
Estabelece o regime jurídico aplicável à constituição, estrutura
orgânica e funcionamento das centrais de compras, nos termos
Decreto‐Lei n.º 200/2008, de 19/10 (alterado pelo
do Código dos Contratos Públicos, aprovado pelo Código dos
Decreto‐Lei 108/2011, de 17/11)
Contratos Públicos
Regulamento n.º 330/2009, de 30/07 Regulamento do Sistema Nacional de Compras Públicas
Lei n.º 3‐B/2010, de 28/04
Decreto‐lei n.º 117‐A/2012, de 14/06 (Cria a Alterações ao Decreto‐Lei n.º 37/2007, de 19/02
ESPAP)
Anexo I - Lista da legislação nacional e comunitária relevante
LEGISLAÇÃO NACIONAL
Atualiza as categorias a centralizar pela ESPAP e UMC. Revoga a
Portaria n.º 103/2011, de 14/03
Portaria n.º 420/2009, de 20/04
Regula a disponibilização e a utilização das plataformas
eletrónicas de contratação pública e transpõe o artigo 29.º da
Diretiva 2014/23/UE, o artigo 22.º e o anexo IV da Diretiva
Lei n.º 96/2015, de 17/08
2014/24/UE e o artigo 40.º e o anexo V da Diretiva 2014/25/CE,
do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 26 de fevereiro de
2014, revogando o Decreto ‐Lei n.º 143 ‐A/2008, de 25 de julho.
Estabelece os modelos de anúncio aplicáveis aos procedimentos
Portaria n.º 371/2017, de 14/12
pré‐contratuais previstos no Código dos Contratos Públicos
Define as regras e os termos de apresentação dos documentos
Portaria n.º 372/2017, de 14/12 de habilitação do adjudicatário no âmbito de procedimentos de
formação de contratos públicos
Procede à regulação do funcionamento e gestão do portal dos
contratos públicos, denominado «Portal BASE», previsto no
Portaria n.º 57/2018, de 26/02 Código dos Contratos Públicos (CCP) e à aprovação dos modelos
de dados a transmitir ao Portal BASE, para efeitos do disposto no
CCP
LEGISLAÇÃO COMUNITÁRIA
Relativa à coordenação dos processos de adjudicação |2
Diretiva 2004/17/CE, de 31.03.2004 de contratos nos setores da água, da energia, dos
transportes e dos serviços postais
Relativa à coordenação dos processos de adjudicação
dos contratos de empreitada de obras públicas, dos
Diretiva 2004/18/CE, de 31.03.2004
contratos públicos de fornecimento e dos contratos
públicos de serviços
Estabelece os formulários tipo para publicação de
anúncios no âmbito dos processos de adjudicação de
Regulamento (CE) 1564/2005, da Comissão de 07.09.2005 contratos públicos em conformidade com as Diretivas
2004/17/CE e 2004/18/CE do Parlamento Europeu e
do Conselho
Altera o anexo XX da Diretiva 2004/17/CE e o anexo
Diretiva 2005/51/CE, da Comissão, de 07.09.2005 VIII da Diretiva 2004/18/CE do Parlamento Europeu e
do Conselho sobre os contratos públicos
Retifica a Diretiva 2004/18/CE relativa à coordenação
Diretiva 2005/75/CE, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho dos processos de adjudicação dos contratos de
de 16.11.2005 empreitada de obras públicas, dos contratos públicos
de fornecimento e dos contratos públicos de serviços
Sobre o direito comunitário aplicável à adjudicação de
contratos não abrangidos, ou apenas parcialmente,
Comunicação interpretativa da Comissão n.º 2006/C 179/02
pelas diretivas comunitárias relativas aos contratos
públicos
Altera o artigo 16° e o artigo 61° da Diretiva do
Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho CE n.º
2004/17/CE, de 30‐04, bem como o artigo 7º, o artigo
Regulamento (CE) 1422/2007, da Comissão, de 04.12.2007
8º, o artigo 56º, o artigo 63º e o artigo 67º da Diretiva
do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho CE n.º
2004/18/CE, de 30‐04
Anexo I - Lista da legislação nacional e comunitária relevante
LEGISLAÇÃO COMUNITÁRIA
Altera o Regulamento (CE) n.º 2195/2002 do
Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, relativo ao
Vocabulário Comum para os Contratos Públicos (CPV),
Regulamento (CE) 213/2008, da Comissão, de 28.11.2007 e as Diretivas do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho
2004/17/CE e 2004/18/CE, relativas aos processos de
adjudicação de contratos, no que respeita à revisão do
CPV
Diretiva 2009/81/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, Altera a Diretiva 2004/17/CE e a Diretiva 2004/18/CE
de 13.07.2009 nos domínios da defesa e da segurança
Altera a Diretiva 2004/17/CE e a Diretiva 2004/18/CE
Regulamento (CE) 1177/2009, da Comissão, de 30.11.2009
nos domínios da defesa e da segurança
Altera as Diretivas 2004/17/CE, 2004/18/CE e
Regulamento (UE) nº. 1251/2011 da Comissão, de 30 de 2009/81/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho no
novembro de 2011 respeitante aos seus limiares de aplicação no contexto
dos processos de adjudicação de contratos.
Altera as Diretivas 2004/17/CE, 2004/18/CE e
Regulamento (UE) Nº 1336/2013 da Comissão, de 13 de 2009/81/CE, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho no
dezembro de 2013 respeitante aos limiares de aplicação no contexto dos
processos de adjudicação de contratos.
Relativa à definição e à aprovação das orientações
para a determinação das correções financeiras a
Decisão da Comissão C (2013) 9527, de 19‐12‐2013 introduzir nas despesas financiadas pela União no
âmbito da gestão partilhada, em caso de
incumprimento das regras em matéria de contratos |3
públicos
Diretiva 2014/23/UE, do Parlamento Europeu e do Relativa à adjudicação de contratos de concessão.
Conselho, de 26/02 Revoga a Diretiva n.º 2014/17/CE
Diretiva 2014/24/UE, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho,
de 26/02 Relativa à adjudicação de contratos públicos em geral.
Revoga a Diretiva n.º 2014/18/CE
Altera a Diretiva 2004/18/CE do Parlamento Europeu e
do Conselho no respeitante aos limiares de aplicação
Regulamento (UE) 2015/2342 da Comissão, de 15.12.2015
no contexto dos
processos de adjudicação de contratos
Altera a Diretiva 2014/24/EU do Parlamento Europeu
Regulamento Delegado (UE) 2015/2170 da Comissão, de e do Conselho no respeitante aos limiares de aplicação
24.11.2015 no contexto dos
processos de adjudicação de contratos
Altera a Diretiva 2014/23/EU do Parlamento Europeu
Regulamento Delegado (UE) 2015/2172 da Comissão, de e do Conselho no respeitante aos limiares de aplicação
24.11.2015 no contexto dos processos de adjudicação de
contratos
Estabelece os formulários‐tipo para publicação de
Regulamento de Execução (UE) 2015/1986 da Comissão, de anúncios no âmbito dos processos de adjudicação de
11.11.2015 contratos públicos e revoga o Regulamento de
Execução (UE) n.º 842/2011.
Anexo I - Lista da legislação nacional e comunitária relevante
LEGISLAÇÃO COMUNITÁRIA
|4
Anexo II - Lista de Contratos
LISTA DE CONTRATOS
Tipologia de Operações:
Beneficiário:
NIF:
COMISSÃO
EUROPEIA
Bruxelas, 19.12.2013
C(2013) 9527 final
DECISÃO DA COMISSÃO
de 19.12.2013
PT PT
Anexo III - Decisão da Comissão C(2013) 9527, de 19-12-2013
DECISÃO DA COMISSÃO
de 19.12.2013
A COMISSÃO EUROPEIA,
Tendo em conta o Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da União Europeia,
Considerando o seguinte:
(1) As presentes orientações têm como objetivo fornecer indicações aos serviços
pertinentes da Comissão sobre os princípios, critérios e tabelas indicativas a aplicar na
determinação das correções financeiras introduzidas pela Comissão nas despesas
financiadas pela União no âmbito da gestão partilhada, em caso de incumprimento das
regras aplicáveis em matéria de contratos públicos, tal como especificado nas
orientações.
(2) Em conformidade com o artigo 80.º, n.º 4, do Regulamento (UE, Euratom)
n.º 966/2012 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 25 de outubro de 2012,
relativo às disposições financeiras aplicáveis ao orçamento geral da União1, compete à
Comissão: i) aplicar correções financeiras aos Estados-Membros, a fim de excluir do
financiamento da União as despesas efetuadas em infração do direito aplicável; ii)
basear as suas correções financeiras na identificação dos montantes despendidos
indevidamente e no impacto financeiro no orçamento, podendo, caso esses montantes
não possam ser identificados com precisão, aplicar correções extrapoladas ou fixas em
conformidade com as regras setoriais; iii) estabelecer o montante da correção
financeira, tendo em conta a natureza e a gravidade da infração do direito aplicável e o
impacto financeiro no orçamento, inclusive no caso de deficiências dos sistemas de
gestão e controlo.
(3) Em conformidade com os artigos 99.º e 100.º do Regulamento (CE) n.º 1083/2006, de
11 de julho de 2006, que estabelece disposições gerais sobre o Fundo Europeu de
Desenvolvimento Regional, o Fundo Social Europeu e o Fundo de Coesão2, a
Comissão pode proceder a correções financeiras mediante o cancelamento da
totalidade ou de parte da participação da União num programa operacional. Existem
disposições similares noutras regras setoriais, nomeadamente: nos artigos 97.º e 98.º
do Regulamento (CE) n.º 1198/2006 do Conselho, de 27 de julho de 2006, relativo ao
Fundo Europeu das Pescas3; no artigo 44.º da Decisão 2007/435/CE do Conselho, de
25 de junho de 2007, que cria o Fundo Europeu para a Integração de Nacionais de
Países Terceiros para o período de 2007 a 2013 no âmbito do programa geral
«Solidariedade e Gestão dos Fluxos Migratórios»4; no artigo 46.º da Decisão
573/2007/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 23 de maio de 2007, que cria
1
JO L 298 de 26.10.2012, pp. 1-96.
2
JO L 210 de 31.7.2006, pp. 25-78.
3
JO L 223 de 15.8.2006, pp. 1-44.
4
JO L 168 de 28.6.2007, pp. 18-36.
PT 2 PT
Anexo III - Decisão da Comissão C(2013) 9527, de 19-12-2013
o Fundo Europeu para os Refugiados (FER III) para o período de 2008 a 2013 no
âmbito do programa geral «Solidariedade e Gestão dos Fluxos Migratórios»5; no
artigo 48.º da Decisão 574/2007/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 23 de
maio de 2007, que cria o Fundo para as Fronteiras Externas para o período de 2007 a
2013 no âmbito do programa geral «Solidariedade e Gestão dos Fluxos Migratórios»6,
no artigo 46.º da Decisão 575/2007/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, que
cria o Fundo Europeu de Regresso para o período de 2008 a 2013 no âmbito do
programa geral «Solidariedade e Gestão dos Fluxos Migratórios»7 e no artigo 31.º do
Regulamento (CE) n.º 1290/2005 do Conselho, de 21 de junho de 2005, relativo ao
financiamento da política agrícola comum8. No que diz respeito ao Fundo de
Solidariedade da União Europeia, é igualmente aplicável o artigo 80.º, n.º 4, do
Regulamento (UE, Euratom) n.º 966/2012 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de
25 de outubro de 2012, relativo às disposições financeiras aplicáveis ao orçamento
geral da União Europeia9, em conformidade com o artigo 5.º, n.º 3, do Regulamento
(CE) n.º 2012/2002 do Conselho, de 11 de novembro de 2002, que institui o Fundo10.
(4) As presentes orientações são aplicáveis a todos os fundos sob gestão partilhada
incluídos no quadro financeiro plurianual de 2014-2020, incluindo os que não
constituem uma continuação dos fundos existentes, como o instrumento de apoio
financeiro à cooperação policial, à prevenção e luta contra a criminalidade e à gestão
de crises, no âmbito do Fundo para a Segurança Interna.
(5) Estas orientações constituem uma atualização das orientações para a determinação das
correções financeiras a aplicar em caso de incumprimento das regras em matéria de
contratos públicos, no que diz respeito aos períodos de programação de 2000-2006 e
de 2007-201311. Refletem a experiência adquirida com a aplicação das anteriores
orientações e procuram clarificar o nível de correções a aplicar em conformidade com
o princípio da proporcionalidade e tendo em conta a jurisprudência do Tribunal de
Justiça da União Europeia. Além disso, pretendem responder à recomendação de
quitação do Parlamento Europeu, para 2010, no sentido de harmonizar o tratamento
dos erros de contratos públicos nos domínios da agricultura e dos recursos naturais, da
coesão, da energia e dos transportes, e de promover uma maior harmonização da
quantificação de irregularidades nos contratos públicos pelo Tribunal de Contas
Europeu e a Comissão.
(6) As presentes orientações destinam-se a ser utilizadas pelos serviços da Comissão para
garantir a igualdade de tratamento entre os Estados-Membros, a transparência e a
proporcionalidade na aplicação de correções financeiras relacionadas com despesas
financiadas pela União. O objetivo das correções financeiras é restabelecer uma
situação em que a totalidade das despesas declaradas para financiamento pela União
esteja legal e conforme com as regras nacionais e da União aplicáveis.
5
JO L 144 de 6.6.2007, pp. 1-21.
6
JO L 144 de 6.6.2007, pp. 22-44.
7
JO L 144 de 6.6.2007, pp. 45-65.
8
JO L 209 de 11.8.2005, pp. 1-25.
9
JO L 298 de 26.10.2012, pp. 1-96.
10
JO L 311 de 14.11.2002, pp. 3-8.
11
Ref. COCOF 07/0037/03-EN de 29/11/2007 aplicável ao Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento
Regional, ao Fundo de Coesão e ao Fundo Social Europeu; Ref. EFFC/24/2008 de 1/4/2008, aplicável ao Fundo
Europeu das Pescas; e «SOLID/2011/31 REV» de 11/01/2012, ou seja, as orientações para determinar as
correções financeiras a aplicar em caso de incumprimento das regras da União em matéria de contratos públicos
cofinanciados pelos quatro fundos do programa geral «Solidariedade e Gestão dos Fluxos Migratórios», durante
o período de programação 2007-2013.
PT 3 PT
Anexo III - Decisão da Comissão C(2013) 9527, de 19-12-2013
DECIDE:
Artigo 1.º
A presente decisão estabelece em anexo as orientações para a determinação das correções
financeiras a introduzir nas despesas financiadas pela União em regime de gestão partilhada,
para os períodos de programação de 2007-2013 e 2014-2020, em caso de incumprimento das
regras relativas aos contratos públicos.
Artigo 2.º
As orientações estabelecidas em anexo substituem as orientações sobre as correções
financeiras em caso de incumprimento das regras relativas aos contratos públicos para os
períodos de programação de 2000-2006 e de 2007-2013, como especificado no considerando
5.
As orientações em anexo devem ser aplicadas pela Comissão ao efetuar correções financeiras
relacionadas com irregularidades detetadas após a data de adoção da presente decisão.
Feito em Bruxelas, em 19.12.2013
Pela Comissão
Johannes HAHN
Membro da Comissão
PT 4 PT
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
1
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
DISCLAIMER
This document contains guidance on how to avoid errors frequently seen in public procurement for projects
co-financed by the European Structural and Investment Funds. It is intended to facilitate the implementa-
tion of operational programmes and to encourage good practice. It is not legally binding but aims to provide
general recommendations and to reflect best practice.
The concepts, ideas and solutions proposed in the guidance are without prejudice to national legislation and
should be read and may be adapted taking into account the national legal framework.
This guidance is without prejudice to the interpretation that the Commission may in the future give to any
provision of the applicable legislation. This guidance does not commit the European Commission. Only the
Court of Justice of the European Union is competent to authoritatively interpret Union law.
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
GUIDANCE FOR
PRACTITIONERS
on avoiding the most common errors
in projects funded by the European
Structural and Investment Funds
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Table of contents
Glossary of acronyms 4
Foreword 7
2
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
6. Toolkit 118
6.1. Most common errors in public procurement 118
6.2. Resources and references 120
6.3. Checklist for specifications drafting 125
6.4. Checklist for the control of public procurement 127
6.5. Template declaration of absence of conflict of interest and confidentiality 132
3
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Glossary of acronyms
Acronym Definition
CA Contracting authority
CN Contract notice
DG EMPL Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion of the European
Commission
DG GROW Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs of the
European Commission
DG REGIO Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy of the European Commission
EC European Commission
EU European Union
4
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Acronym Definition
TED Tenders Electronic Daily, the Supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union
5
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
6
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Foreword
Following on the great success of the first edition with more than 70,000 downloads, we are particularly happy to present you with
the new and updated version of the Public Procurement - Guidance for practitioners on the avoidance of the most common errors in
projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds. This improved document takes into account the new and simpli-
fied EU rules on public procurement and the first direct experience from their implementation on the ground.
The aim is to support public procurement officials in Europe’s Member States, regions and cities, taking them step-by-step through
the process, highlighting areas where mistakes are typically made and showing how to avoid them.
Efficient, effective, transparent and professional public procurement is essential for strengthening the Single Market and stimulating
investment in the European Union. It is also a key instrument to deliver the benefits of the Cohesion Policy to the European citizen
and businesses.
This updated guidance was prepared by the Commission services involved in public procurement, as well as in consultation with the
public procurement experts in the Member States. It is one of the building blocks of our ambitious Action Plan on Public Procurement
and contributes to the objectives of the recently adopted EU public procurement package.
We are confident that this instrument, along with the other Commission’s initiatives in this field, will continue to help Member States,
regions and cities in applying public procurement and increase the impact of public investment for the benefit of the EU citizens
and economy.
7
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
This guidance aims to offer practical assistance to Submission of tenders and selection of tenderers
procurement officers, helping them avoid some of
the most common errors and financial corrections Evaluation of tenders and award
observed in recent years by the Commission in the
use of ESI Funds (see section 6.1. Most common er- Contract implementation
rors in public procurement).
The status of this document is that of ‘guidance’. It In addition, a toolkit provides some ready-to-use
is intended as a support to and not a substitute for instruments and additional resources on specific
internal rules and procedures. topics.
8
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Public contracts having as Public contracts having as their Public contracts other than
their objective either the object the purchase, lease, public works or supply
execution, or both the design rental or hire purchase with contracts having as their object
and execution, of works, for or without option to buy, of the provision of services such
example building or civil products such as stationery, as consultancy, training or
engineering works such as a vehicles or computers. cleaning services.
road or sewage plant.
1
irective 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing
D
Directive 2004/18/EC. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/24/oj.
9
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
This guidance provides advice and recommenda- al rules. However, they must still comply with the
tions to contracting authorities on the basis of the general principles of the Treaty on the Functioning
European legal framework, in particular Directive of the EU3.
2014/24/EU. This legislation applies above a set of
EU thresholds, which means that it sets minimum Even though this guidance does not deal with pro-
requirements only for procurement procedures curement below these thresholds, the general les-
above a certain monetary value (i.e. contract value)2. sons and examples it provides can be useful for all
If the contract value is below these EU thresholds, kinds of procurement procedures, including smaller
the procurement processes are regulated by nation- ones.
2
T he current EU thresholds are presented in detail in the following chapter on the Key changes introduced by the public
procurement Directive 2014/24/EU.
3
Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 2012/C 326/01.
Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012E%2FTXT.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
āā The principles deriving from the Treaty on the āā incorporate relevant case-law of the Court of
Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) such Justice of the European Union.
as equal treatment, non-discrimination, mutual
recognition, proportionality and transparency; This section presents the key changes5 brought
and about by the reform that procurement practitioners
should pay attention to, especially if they are accus-
āā The three public procurement Directives: Direc- tomed to referring to the former Directives.
tive 2014/24/EU on public procurement, Directive
2014/25/EU on procurement by entities operat-
ing in the water, energy, transport and postal ser- New definitions, new thresholds,
vices sectors, Directive 2014/23/EU on the award and a new category of contracting
of concession contracts. authority
While the tenets of public procurement regulation Directive 2014/24/EU provides new definitions to
are mostly unchanged, the 2014 Directives have in- clarify the different notions used in procurement
troduced a number of changes. These may be ap- procedures, sUch as procurement document and
plicable starting on 18 April 2016 even if the trans- economic operator (including candidate and tender-
position process in all Member States has not been er). The Directive also presents new concepts that
finalised. are essential now in public contracts, such as elec-
tronic means, life cycle, innovation or label.
4
uropean Commission, DG GROW, Public procurement — Legal rules and implementation.
E
Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/public-procurement/rules-implementation/.
5
uropean Commission, DG GROW, EU public procurement reform: Less bureaucracy, higher efficiency.
E
An overview of the new EU procurement and concession rules introduced on 18 April 2016.
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/newsroom/cf/itemdetail.cfm?item_id=8562.
11
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Two categories of contracting authorities are The thresholds above which European legislation
introduced to differentiate between central govern- for public procurement applies have changed and
ment authorities (national public bodies) and sub- are now different for central and sub-central au-
central contracting authorities operating at regional thorities (see Table 2 below). The thresholds change
and local level. These two categories mainly have an on a regular basis, generally every 2 years, and can
impact on the thresholds for applying the Directives be regularly checked on the Commission’s website6.
(see below). The threshold is higher for sub-central
contracting authorities in the cases of supply con-
tracts and most service contracts.
Table 2. EU thresholds for public contracts from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019
Central
government €5 548 000 €144 0007 €750 000 €221 000 €144 000
authorities
Sub-central
contracting €5 548 000 €221 000 €750 000 €221 000
authorities
Source: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/2365 of 18 December 2017 amending Directive 2014/24/EU in respect of
the application thresholds for the procedures for the award of contracts.
Making SME participation in Economic operators can use the online tool
public contracts easier ‘e-CERTIS’8 to find out the administrative docu-
ments they may be asked to provide in any EU coun-
Contracting authorities are encouraged to divide try. This should help them to participate in cross-
contracts into lots to make it easier for SMEs border procurement if they are unfamiliar with the
to participate in public procurement procedures. requirements of other countries.
They are free not to divide but then need to explain
why not. The European Single Procurement Document
(ESPD)9 enables economic operators to electroni-
Contracting authorities cannot set turnover cally self-declare that they fulfil the required condi-
requirements for economic operators at more tions to participate in a public procurement proce-
than two times the contract value except where dure. Only the successful tenderer needs to provide
there is a specific justification. full documentary evidence. In the future, even this
6
G GROW publishes the updated values of the EU procurement thresholds at:
D
http://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/public-procurement/rules-implementation/thresholds/index_en.htm.
7
F or procurements under Directive 2009/81/EC on defence and sensitive security procurement, the applicable thresholds are
€5,548,000 for works contracts and €443,000 for supplies and services contracts.
8
e-CERTIS. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/markt/ecertis/login.do?selectedLanguage=en.
9
ommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/7 of 5 January 2016 establishing the standard form for the European Single
C
Procurement Document. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:JOL_2016_003_R_0004.
12
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
obligation could be lifted once evidence can be linked some common practices could be developed. For
electronically to national databases. instance, all procurement officers could be asked to
sign a declaration for each procurement procedure
Beginning on 18 October 2018 at the latest, an eco- to confirm they have no interests with any partici-
nomic operator may no longer have to provide ad- pating tenderer.
ministrative supporting documents if the contract-
ing authority already has these documents. Economic operators excluded from public procure-
ment for bad practices can be included again if they
clearly demonstrate that they have acted appropri-
More provisions on grounds for ately to prevent misconduct and wrongdoings.
exclusion and award criteria
Where the period of exclusion was not set in a fi-
New provisions on grounds for exclusion allow nal judgment, the period of exclusion cannot exceed
contracting authorities to reject economic operators 5 years from the date of the conviction in cases of
who have shown poor performance or significant mandatory exclusion grounds or 3 years from the
shortcomings in a previous public contract. The new date of the relevant event in cases of optional exclu-
provisions also allow the authorities to reject them if sion grounds.
they distort competition by practising collusive ten-
dering with other economic operators. New provisions regulate the modification of con-
tracts in order to avoid abuse and ensure fair com-
For award criteria, contracting authorities are en- petition for potential new tasks.
couraged to move from the ‘price-only’ criteria to the
‘MEAT’ criteria (most economically advantageous Member States have to ensure that the application
tender). The MEAT criteria can be based on cost and of public procurement rules is monitored and that
can also include other aspects within a ‘best price- monitoring authorities or structures report viola-
quality ratio’ (e.g. quality of tender, organisation, tions of public procurement rules to national
qualification and experience of staff, delivery condi- authorities and make the results of their monitoring
tions like processes and time frame). Award criteria available to the public. They also have to submit a
must be clearly defined and weighted in the contract report to the Commission every 3 years on the most
notice or procurement documents. In addition, every frequent sources of misapplication or legal uncer-
public procurement award must be documented in a tainty, on prevention measures as well as on the de-
specific evaluation report that must be sent to the tection and adequate reporting of cases of procure-
Commission upon request. ment fraud, corruption, conflict of interest and other
serious irregularities.
10
OECD, Preventing Corruption in Public Procurement, 2016.
Available at: http://www.oecd.org/gov/ethics/Corruption-in-Public-Procurement-Brochure.pdf.
13
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
āā Contracting authorities are encouraged to make Within the Internal Market Information System (IMI),
the best strategic use of public procurement the Commission has established the online service
to spur innovation. Buying innovative products, e-CERTIS to identify the administrative docu-
works and services plays a key role in improving ments frequently requested in procurement proce-
the efficiency and quality of public services while dures across the 28 Member States, one candidate
addressing major societal challenges. country (Turkey) and three EEA/EFTA countries (Ice-
land, Liechtenstein and Norway).
āā Contracting authorities are allowed to reserve
the award of certain services contracts to mu-
tual companies and social enterprises for a Changes in procedures
limited period of time.
The open and restricted procedures remain the
āā Contracting authorities can request labels, cer- main types of procedures available for all types
tifications or other equivalent forms of confir- of public procurement.
mation of social and/or environmental character-
istics. The minimum time limits for economic operators
to present their offers and other tender documents
āā Contracting authorities are allowed to take into have been reduced by about a third (see Section 2.4
account environmental or social factors in award Set the time limits). This will help to speed up proce-
criteria or contract performance conditions. dures but still permits longer timeframes in specific
cases.
āā Contracting authorities are allowed to take the
full life-cycle cost into account when awarding The use of the competitive procedure with ne-
contracts. This may encourage more sustainable gotiation is more flexible (formerly the negoti-
and better value offers which might save money ated procedure with publication of a contract notice)
in the long term despite initially appearing to be and can be used under certain conditions, including
more costly. when the contract is complex or cannot be procured
11
European Commission, Communication: Electronic public procurement will reduce administrative burden and stop
unfair bidding, January 2017. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/newsroom/cf/itemdetail.
cfm?item_id=8716&lang=en&title=Electronic-public-procurement-will-reduce-administrative-burden-and-stop-unfair-bidding-.
12
European Commission, DG GROW, European Single Procurement Document — Service to fill out and reuse the ESPD. Available
at: https://ec.europa.eu/tools/espd.
14
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
A new light-touch regime has been introduced for Works concessions contracts are excluded from Di-
social and health services and some other services. rective 2014/24/EU on public contracts. The new
This regime implies a higher threshold (EUR 750 000) Directive 2014/23/EU13 covers all concessions
but also some obligations, including an advertising contracts for both works and services.
requirement in the Official Journal of the European
Union (OJEU). This regime replaces the former sys- Forms of public-public cooperation that do not re-
tem in Annex II B of Directive 2004/18/EC. sult in a distortion of competition in relation to pri-
vate economic operators fall outside the scope of
The Directives now explicitly refer to pre-commer- public procurement legislation:
cial procurement and have encouraged a wider
use of this type of procurement by clarifying the ex- āā Contracts between entities within the pub-
emption for R&D services. lic sector may be concluded directly provided
three conditions are cumulatively met: first, the
A new procedure, the innovation partnership, was contracting authority must exercise a control over
also introduced. It combines the purchase of R&D the contractor which is similar to that which it ex-
services and the purchase of the developed innova- ercises over its own departments; second, more
tive solutions in one procedure. This is done through than 80 % of the activities of the contractor must
a partnership between the economic operator and come from the controlling contracting authority;
the contracting authority. and finally, there must be no direct private capital
participation of the contracting authority in the
With mixed contracts, it is possible to combine contractor. The nature and extent of this control
several types of procurement (works, services or is described in full in Directive 2014/24/EU and
supplies) in one procurement procedure. The rules should be carefully checked on a case-by-case
applying in that case are those applicable to the basis before contracting ‘in house’14.
type of procurement corresponding to the main sub-
ject matter of the contract. āā Where inter-administrative cooperation
leads two or more contracting authorities to con-
Contracting authorities are expressly recommended clude a contract to achieve common objectives
to carry out market consultation to better prepare of public interest, the contract falls outside the
their procurement procedures and inform economic scope of Directive 2014/24/EU. In this case, the
operators of their needs, provided that they do not contracting authorities must perform on the open
distort competition. market less than 20 % of the activities concerned
by the cooperation.
13
Directive 2014/23/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the award of concession
contracts. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AJOL_2014_094_R_0001_01.
14
More details on the nature and extent of this control are provided in Article 12. Public contracts between entities within the
public sector of Directive 2014/14/EU.
15
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
As detailed in the figure below, a public procurement nected steps and phases that go from planning to im-
procedure is composed of multiple, closely inter-con- plementation and closure.
If the preparatory phase of the procurement proce- ing authority either underestimates the planning
dure is done correctly then the rest is more likely to stage of the process or does not carry it out at all.
flow without difficulty. However, often the contract-
16
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
reviews concluding that poor planning, particularly at the start of the procurement process, was to
blame for the biggest errors.
As a result, contracting authorities increasingly employ dedicated procurement officers, particularly
when conducting complex, risky and high-value public procurements. This increasing professionali-
sation of the procurement function is considered best practice.
This section will take practitioners through the Indeed, the need comes from a gap in the ability of
different ‘must-dos’ in preparing a procurement the public sector to perform one of its tasks. Public
procedure. authorities cannot fulfil them with their internal re-
sources and that is why they need to purchase ex-
ternal support.
1.1 Assess future needs
Any contracting authority should therefore be able
The first thing a contracting authority should do be- to duly justify a procurement procedure because it
fore launching a procurement procedure is to think should meet a specific need or be required to carry
of the need the whole process is supposed to satisfy. out an activity of public interest.
17
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Working plans for EU-funded projects or pro- Once needs have been identified, contracting au-
grammes are normally defined for several years, thorities have to carefully assess them before en-
meaning it should be easier for contracting authori- gaging in procurement. To do so, it is preferable to
ties to anticipate which works, supplies or services gather a small team and to get internal and exter-
they will need to purchase. nal stakeholders on board (see section 1.2. Engage
stakeholders).
18
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Apart from analysing the need and determining the or services. Furthermore, it enables contracting au-
scope of the future procurement procedure, assess- thorities to take into account other considerations
ing the need in this way makes it possible to be open such as potential environmental and social impacts
about alternative means of fulfilling a need, which when defining the procurement need.
are not necessarily linked to specific works, products
Source: SIGMA Public procurement policy briefs, Brief 28: Audit of Public Procurement, September 2016.
19
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
that will benefit from the product or service pur- The core team has to make sure it involves these
chased, or other members who have dealt with internal groups as soon as possible so that they can
similar purchase and can bring their experience bring their expertise to the preparation phase and
to the group. External specialist advisors may in order to develop their ownership of the project.
also be needed depending on the planned num-
ber and complexity of the contracts. Designing competent technical specifications is vi-
tal for implementing the contract and achieving
Roles and responsibilities during the procurement the desired result, so technically qualified stakehol-
process should be clearly defined in the operational ders should be involved from the beginning. As the
manuals of the contracting authority, in particular contract progresses and its focus changes, differ-
to engage internal and external customers or users. ent stakeholders may need to be involved, and their
needs may also change.
1.2.1. Internal key stakeholders
1.2.2. External key stakeholders
Recognition of internal stakeholders is a vital to the
success of the future contract. Stakeholders may be It can be very useful to involve external stakehol-
customers/users or other internal parties that have ders if the required expertise is not available within
an interest in the contract. It may also be relevant the contracting authority. They may be specialised
to involve elected representatives at this early stage experts (e.g. architects, engineers, lawyers, econo-
of the procedure. mists) or even business organisations, other public
authorities or businesses.
Not involving the right people early on can cost you at a later stage
Failing to recognise the need to involve both internal and external stakeholders is a common criticism
of many contracts. It often has a negative impact on the contract’s success, sometimes resulting in
additional costs to rectify omissions or errors. Inadequate specifications lead to complex adjustments
and higher workload covering unforeseen questions and corrections. In addition, when tender docu-
ments are unclear the tenderers tend to cover their risks by higher prices.
Best practice shows that it is worth the contracting authority investing in outside technical expertise
when preparing the procurement to ensure it makes the most of the money spent and avoids modifi-
cations or the costs of relaunching the procedure at a later stage.
However, working closely with and consulting exter- 1.2.3. Integrity and conflict of interest
nal experts should not jeopardise the independence
of the contracting authorities’ decision-making pro- In a public procurement procedure, a conflict of inter-
cess and/or create situations of potential conflict of est arises where a person’s ability to perform their
interest which would breach the principles of equal role in an impartial and objective way is compro-
treatment and transparency. It is therefore recom- mised. This applies to the people and the authorising
mended to apply the same principles of confiden- officer in charge of the procedure, and to anyone
tiality and integrity as for the market consultation involved in the opening and evaluation phases.
(see section 1.3.2. Preliminary market consultation).
20
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
More specifically, a conflict of interest covers any directly or indirectly, a financial, economic or other
situation where staff members of the contracting personal interest which might be perceived as com-
authority (or others) involved in the procurement promising their impartiality and independence.
procedure and who may influence its outcome have,
Source: European Commission, OLAF, Identifying conflicts of interests in public procurement procedures for structural actions,
November 2013.
From this basis, contracting authorities have to de- This declaration must include at least:
termine whether there are any possible conflicts of
interest and must take appropriate measures in or- āā The full definition of conflict of interest according
der to prevent and detect conflicts of interest, and to to Article 24 of Directive 2014/24/EU. Any stake-
remedy them. They can consult the practical guide15 holder should be aware of the exact definition
issued by OLAF in 2013 for help. and of its particularly large extent, covering for
example ‘financial, economic or other personal
In particular, an easy way to prevent conflicts of in- interest’;
terest is to require anyone taking part in the selec-
tion, evaluation or award of the contract to sign a āā A statement confirming that the person has no
declaration of absence of conflict of interest once conflict of interest with the operators who have
the contracting authority has decided to launch the submitted a tender for this procurement, and
procurement procedure (see chapter 3. Submission that there are no facts or circumstances, past,
of tenders and selection of tenderers). present, or that could arise in the foreseeable fu-
ture, which might call into question the person’s
independence;
15
European Commission, OLAF, Identifying conflicts of interests in public procurement procedures for structural actions, November
2013. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/sfc/sites/sfc2014/files/sfc-files/2013_11_12-Final-guide-on-conflict-of-interests-EN.pdf.
21
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
āā A statement that the person will report any con- Public buyers should also take appropriate measures
flict of interest as soon as it is detected to their to effectively prevent, identify and remedy conflicts
superior within the contracting authority, and will of interest in procurement procedures so as to avoid
withdraw from further participation in the pro- any distortion of competition and to ensure equal
curement process. treatment for all. In particular, Directive 2014/24/EU
considers conflict of interest as grounds for exclud-
Additional provisions can be added concerning ing an economic operator.
whistleblowing or confidentiality of information. A
template declaration of absence of conflict of inter- More advice can be drawn from the best practices
est and of confidentiality is proposed in the appendix. listed below.
16
OECD, Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement, 2009. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/gov/ethics/48994520.pdf.
22
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
1.3. Analyse the market āā apply the principle of sound financial manage-
ment and achieve the best value for money.
When determining what to buy, estimating costs,
and before developing selection and award criteria It is strongly recommended that contracting authori-
in a procurement procedure, it is helpful for public ties conduct a preliminary market analysis when
buyers to know and understand the market. There- planning a negotiated procedure without prior pub-
fore, an important stage of the preparation phase lication for a contract that can be awarded only to
is to conduct a preliminary market analysis of the one particular economic operator.
needs identified. For smaller contracts the scope
of this analysis can be limited, but is still useful in A preliminary market analysis is also needed for
better defining the subject matter and scope of the pre-commercial procurements and innovation part-
contract. nerships, because these types of procurement are
used only when the desired product does not exist
Analysing the market allows the contracting autho- on the market.
rity to:
Innovation partnerships also require a preliminary
āā gain prior knowledge and understanding of the market analysis to establish the number of poten-
potential solutions available to satisfy the needs; tially interested suppliers on the market. This helps
avoid crowding out other R&D investments and ex-
āā further focus and define the subject matter and cluding some competitors from supplying the inno-
the budget of the contract; vative solutions.
23
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
As a general rule and regardless of the method r eported in writing for each procurement procedure.
chosen, all initiatives linked to the preliminary mar- This ensures transparency and auditability.
ket analysis have to be properly documented and
17
OECD/SIGMA, Public Procurement Brief 32, Market Analysis, Preliminary Market Consultations, and Prior Involvement of
Candidates/Tenderers, September 2016.
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Public-Procurement-Policy-Brief-32-200117.pdf.
24
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Trade Associations
25
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
In terms of planning, good practice shows that market gathering information, mainly from the internet and
research carried out well in advance of publication of mail or phone contacts.
the contract notice can be extremely useful. Moreover,
advertising in the OJEU for open pre-tender dialogue Desk-based market research can provide informa-
by publishing a prior information notice is positively tion on the availability of products or services which
accepted by the market, results in more qualitative meet the contracting authority’s needs. The autho-
procurement documents and submitted tenders and rity can then determine the most appropriate pro-
reduces the risk of complaints at a later stage. curement approach without much time or resources.
Two ways to analyse the market are: Frequently-used sources of information are:
1. market research;
2. preliminary market consultation involving candi- āā internal departments dealing with the subject
dates or tenderers. matter;
The scope and depth of the market analysis will āā catalogues of producers, distributors, dealers;
vary depending on the nature and size of the pro-
curement. Using desk-based research to clarify the āā press publications (specialised journals, maga-
market structure, identify active economic operators zines, newsletters, etc.);
and understand prices may be an appropriate ap-
proach for standard procurement procedures. āā trade associations, business organisations or
chambers of commerce;
1.3.1. Market research
āā existing market studies.
The most commonly used method of market analy-
sis before preparing a procurement procedure is the Public buyers should analyse these different sources
desk research that can be carried out using the con- of information using the following criteria.
tracting authority’s internal resources. It consists of
Market capacity to deliver Within the required timeframe, on the required scale, within the
available budget.
Standards and conditions Conditions usually applied to similar contracts, potential market
constraints, capacity of economic operators to meet certain
standards.
Contract value Recent market prices, price structure, breakdown of costs for similar
contracts, fixed and variable costs within a similar budget.
Selection and award criteria Minimum requirements in similar contracts, relevant qualitative
considerations, takeaways from similar experiences.
Contract performance Potential risks, key milestones, time management, lessons learnt
from similar experiences.
26
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
For complex contracts, a series of pre-determined A dialogue with the market before the procurement
benchmarks should be established to show what process begins can help identify innovative solutions
would be considered an acceptable tender. An op- and new products or services which the public au-
timum theoretical tender could even be prepared thority may not have been aware of. It can also help
beforehand by the contracting authority. the market meet the criteria which will be applied
in the procurement process by explaining what the
Where relevant or necessary, other more active public authority’s requirements are likely to be.
market prospecting activities can be carried out,
such as participation in conferences, fairs, seminars, Even though there are no specific rules regulating
or market consultations with prior involvement of the market consultation process, it must always fol-
candidates. low the fundamental principles of non-discrimina-
tion, equal treatment and transparency. This is par-
1.3.2. Preliminary market consultation ticularly important if the contracting authority seeks
or accepts advice from external parties or individual
A preliminary market consultation involves interview- economic operators.
ing market stakeholders or contacting knowledgeable
people in the relevant field, for example independent The market must be approached in a way that en-
experts, specialised bodies, business organisations or sures compliance with the principles of transparency
economic operators. and equal treatment and avoids disclosing privileged
information and/or privileged market positions.
The purpose of market consultation is to:
1. better prepare the procurement procedure;
2. inform businesses in the relevant market about
the planned procurement.
27
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The contracting authority should pay attention when excluding a potential candidate because of its
prior involvement in the procedure preparation. Exclusion should indeed be considered if there is no
other way to ensure equal treatment, but economic operators should be given the right to prove that
their involvement did not distort competition.
The analysis made by the contracting authority in this regard should not be formal and should also
compare the tender with others received from tenderers not involved in the procedure preparation.
Pre-commercial procurement18 and specific proce- The subject matter of the contract should be based
dures such as competitive dialogues or innovation on a clear business case.
partnerships enable public authorities to engage in
market dialogue. The business case is the justification for a proposed
project or contract on the basis of its expected be-
nefits. The contracting authority should arrange for
1.4. Define the subject matter the business case to be prepared within the depart-
ment initiating the procurement request and have it
Contracting authorities tend to consider that defin- approved by the corresponding hierarchy.
ing the subject matter of the contract (i.e. its sub-
ject, duration and value) is the first step of a pro- Business case
curement procedure. However, this should be done Sometimes a need is assessed and a procurement
only once the need has been assessed, the relevant process launched without documenting the reasons
stakeholders identified and mobilised and the mar- behind particular choices and showing that appro-
ket analysed. priate approvals were given. However, it is essen-
tial that any decision to initiate a public contract be
As well as defining the subject matter, during this based on a systematic assessment of the issues
phase the contracting authority has to determine involved and options available. Procurement pro-
the contract’s type, duration and timetable, value cedures based only on a cursory assessment and
and structure. untested assumptions might fail to deliver their
objectives.
1.4.1. Subject matter
Before initiating a procurement procedure, con-
It is essential that public buyers clearly identify the tracting authorities should prepare a business case
subject matter so that they select the correct pro- clearly setting out the reasons why the procurement
curement procedure to be followed and the right should go ahead and demonstrating that key plan-
type of contract. The reference codes provided by ning aspects have been considered.
the common procurement vocabulary19 gives a de-
tailed description of the various types of subject The resources and time dedicated to preparing the
matter and can help define the task. business case should always be proportional to the
size and complexity of the project: not every aspect
is necessary for smaller projects.
18
Commission Communication on ‘Pre-commercial Procurement: Driving innovation to ensure sustainable high quality public
services in Europe’ (COM(2007) 799, 14/12/2007).
19
European Commission, DG GROW, Common procurement vocabulary.
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/public-procurement/rules-implementation/common-vocabulary_en.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The purpose of the business case is to establish The basic structure below can be used as a model
a clear rationale for the proposed course of action for drafting the business case, detailing all items
by demonstrating that the project/contract will: that should be covered:
āā choose the most appropriate tender procedure; āā benefits to be obtained/problems that the con-
tract will solve;
āā be achievable;
āā estimated costs and budget availability;
āā be affordable;
āā outline of the timescale;
āā be a sound commercial arrangement; and
āā involvement of internal resources, stakeholders
āā be sustainable. or users; and
A business case should be approved at the appro- āā potential risks (see section 5.2.2. Risk manage-
priate level within the contracting authority to se- ment).
cure the required budget as part of the procurement
planning stage. It should always be approved before For more complex or bigger procurement proce-
launching the actual procurement procedure. dures, a well-prepared business case will be a key
tool for the contracting authority when preparing
The business case can follow a basic structure for and implementing the contract. It can be used if the
usual procurement procedures or a more complex contract is challenged and to help the authority face
one for bigger procedures. possible difficulties and unforeseen circumstances.
29
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Type of contract
The contracting authority must also determine This analysis can also conclude that a concession
whether the subject matter of the contract contract is appropriate.
constitutes a works, supply or service contract
(see Table 1. Type of public contracts). This will es- It is also possible in very specific cases to combine
pecially determine which thresholds to consider in works, supplies and services in mixed contracts.
applying EU legislation.
30
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
1.4.2. Single contract or lots made mandatory for all contracts, it should be con-
sidered when developing the business case.
Once the above steps have been taken, public buy-
ers can decide whether to have just one contract Splitting into lots is also appropriate when a con-
or to divide it into lots. Contracting authorities are tract for a single purchase is made up of a variety
encouraged to divide contracts into lots since this of products or services offered by companies oper-
is one way to help small and medium-sized busi- ating in different sectors of the economy (for exam-
nesses participate in public procurement. ple, information and communication activities often
include managing a website, producing videos or
Contracts covering a set of supplies or services serv- publishing written material). In such cases, a com-
ing a similar purpose, whose combined value is such pany which is highly efficient within its own sector
that few operators would be able to provide them but is not able to provide all the products or services
all in their entirety, should be split into lots. This will would be unfairly prevented from competing.
enable any operator who is interested to tender for
one or more lots. Dividing a contract into lots also makes it eas-
ier for SMEs to tender. For instance, in very high-
Dividing a contract into lots increases com- value contracts competition can only be achieved by
petition because contracting authorities are more splitting the contract, since only a small number of
likely to get more and a wider range of tenderers economic operators would be able to offer all the
by going to the market with more and smaller con- products or services requested, making the con-
tracts. So, although division into lots should not be tracting authority dependent on them.
31
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The contracting authority should indicate, in either 1.4.3. Duration of the contract
the contract notice or the invitation to confirm in-
terest, whether tenders may be submitted for all of The contracting authority must establish the re-
the lots, for certain lots or for only one lot. Even if quired duration of the contract, meaning the period
tenders may be submitted for several or all lots, the from the signature of the contract until the accept-
contracting authority may limit the number of lots ance of the final products or deliverables.
that may be awarded to one tenderer. However, they
need to state this maximum number of lots per ten- It is recommended that this duration includes both
derer in the contract notice. the execution of tasks and the approval of interim
deliverables if any (e.g. partial services, products or
The contracting authority must develop objective stages), since the approval of an interim deliverable
and non-discriminatory criteria or rules to apply usually determines whether or not the contractor
where the applying the award criteria would result should continue to execute the tasks. In addition, the
in one tenderer being awarded more lots than the time taken by the contracting authority to approve a
maximum number. When determining which lots will deliverable should not reduce the time given to the
be awarded, the evaluation committee (see 4.1. Set contractor to perform the contract.
up the evaluation committee) must apply the crite-
ria or rules indicated in the procurement documents. Normally, the contract ends when both parties have
fulfilled their obligations: the contractor has deliv-
The contracting authority may award contracts ered according to the terms of the contract and the
by combining several or all lots. In that case, the contracting authority has made the final payment.
contracting authority needs to specify in the con- However, some conditions linked to confidentiality
tract notice that it reserves the right to do so, and and access for auditors may remain in force long
must indicate the lots or groups of lots that may after the end of the contract.
be combined. Since Directive 2014/24/EU offers
this as an option, practitioners need to check in the
national law.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The public procurement of works, supplies or ser- The contracting authority must carry out an estima-
vices involving EU funds is often part a larger EU- tion of the contract value and document it so that
funded project that may be delivered through sever- the justification and reasoning behind the value of
al public contracts. Delays in one contract can affect a purchase is available in the future, either to other
implementation of the other contracts. The timing staff from the contracting authority or to potential
of grant approvals and payments is an additional auditors. The contracting authority will have to de-
constraint when launching procurement procedures. monstrate not only the sources and method used
Contracting authorities need to take this into ac- for the estimation but also that the purchase offered
count at an early stage. value for money.
33
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
For example, if a contracting authority needs to paint a building with 10 rooms, it cannot split the
contract into 10 contracts or fewer (for instance 6) and award the contracts without tendering. All
those services/supplies or works must be ‘pooled’ together to create a functional whole. Consequent-
ly, in this example the contract value must be the total value of the 10 contracts. The overall value
determines whether or not a tender is required to follow Directive 2014/24/EU.
Examples of artificial splitting or ‘salami-slicing’
1. The review of the project procurement plan for a public building project revealed a pattern of mul-
tiple lots with amounts just below the Directive threshold, without clear technical justification. All
these lots had been tendered locally, without taking into consideration the total amount of the lots
which was well above the threshold.
2. The project works were artificially split into one contract to be tendered, whose amount was 1 %
below the Directive threshold, and one ‘own works’ contract executed directly by the contracting
authority.
3. A proposed purchase of a certain total quantity of vehicles is artificially subdivided into several
contracts with the intention of ensuring that the value of each contract falls below the thresholds,
i.e. deliberately avoiding publishing the contract for the whole set of supplies in the OJEU.
Timing — When should the contract value In the case of works contracts, account must be
be defined? taken not only of the value of the works but also of
Procurement rules require that the value be valid the estimated total value of the supplies needed to
when the call for tenders is issued or the procedure carry out the works and made available to the con-
without publication is launched. However, it is re- tractor by the contracting authority.
commended that public buyers estimate the con-
tract value at the beginning of the process when de- 1.4.5. Joint procurement
fining the subject matter. In any case, when Directive
2014/24/EU applies, the estimated price with legal Joint procurement involves combining the procurement
value is the one published with the contract notice. procedures of two or more contracting authorities. In
concrete terms, only one procurement procedure is
Method — How do we estimate the launched on behalf of all participating contracting au-
contract value? thorities to purchase common services, goods or works.
Procurement practitioners should estimate the value
of a purchase on the basis of previous experience, This can be done either between several contract-
previous similar contracts and/or on the basis of pre- ing authorities from the same Member State, or be-
liminary market research or consultation. tween contracting authorities from different Mem-
ber States through cross-border procurement.
It must be calculated without VAT.
Occasional joint procurement
If the contract is split into lots, the value of the pur- Occasionally, two or more contracting authorities
chase is the combined value of all lots. may agree to conduct a single joint procurement
procedure. If a procurement procedure is carried out
Life-cycle costs can be taken into consideration at this jointly in the name and on behalf of all the contract-
point, since they are one method for assessing the ing authorities concerned, they must be jointly res-
budget needed (see section 2.3 Define the criteria). ponsible for fulfilling their legal obligations.
34
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
However, where a joint procurement procedure is In choosing which procedure to use, contracting au-
conducted by several contracting authorities but the thorities need to weigh a range of factors, including:
contract is not shared in its entirety (i.e. only some
tasks of the contract are jointly procured), the con- āā the specific requirements and purpose of each
tracting authorities are jointly responsible only for procedure;
those parts carried out jointly.
āā the benefits of full open competition;
Cross-border procurement
Contracting authorities from different Mem- āā the advantages of restricting competition;
ber States can conduct joint procurement. This can
involve public institutions from different Member āā the administrative burden entailed by each pro-
States or use centralised purchasing bodies located cedure;
in another Member State.
āā the likely risk of complaints and remedies often
If centralised purchasing activities are provided by a linked to corruption and collusion risks; and
central purchasing body located in another Member
State, the activities must be conducted in accord- āā the incentive for innovative or tailored solutions
ance with the national law of the Member State in to a specific need.
which the central purchasing body is located.
The decision matrix below aims to provide practi-
The allocation of responsibilities between contract- tioners with an overview of the possibilities offered
ing authorities from different Member States, in- by the different procurement procedures, as well as
cluding management of the procedure, distribution their advantages and disadvantages.
of the works, supplies or service to be procured,
conclusion of contracts and the applicable national
law must be clearly specified in the procurement
documents.
35
Table 5. Decision matrix to support the choice of the procurement procedure
Procedures Specific requirements for using Stages Minimum Level of Workload for Risk of complaints, Incentive
the procedure number of competition contracting remedies or for
candidates authorities irregularities innovative
or tailored
ideas/
products
Open None. 1. Selection None. HIGH HIGH LOW LOW
and evaluation
It can be used for all purchases. All interested Unlimited All compliant tenders Decision made with a
candidates can number of must be examined by straightforward focus
submit a tender. tenders. the CA and this can on the award.
delay the award.
Limited transparency
Resource intensive for risks as an open,
both the CA and the transparent, competitive
candidates who have procedure
to prepare a complete
tender.
36
Restricted None. 1. All interested MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW
Prequalification candidates
It can be used for all purchases. can submit an Limited number Limited number of Greater potential for
2. Selection expression of of candidates tenders to evaluate and collusion/corruption
and evaluation interest. allowed to therefore less resource due to the increased
submit a tender. intensive for the exercise of discretion by
At least 5 evaluation committee/ the CA.
pre-selected Possibility CA.
candidates can to restrict
submit a tender. participation Two-stage procedures
only to market might be longer in order
operators with to respect the required
high level of time limits.
specialisation.
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Competitive Fulfil one or more of the following 1. MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM
procedure criteria: Prequalification
with Limited number The burden of proof Greater potential for
negotiation An open or restricted procedure 2. Negotiation of candidates for the circumstances collusion/corruption
has attracted only irregular or and evaluation allowed to allowing for the use of due to the increased
unacceptable tenders. submit a tender. the procedure rests with exercise of discretion by
the CA. the CA.
The needs of the CA cannot be met All interested Possibility
without the adaptation of available candidates to restrict The CA is highly
solutions. may request participation involved in the
participation in only to market negotiation/dialogue
The subject matter includes design response to a operators with with tenderers.
or innovative solutions. contract notice. high level of
specialisation. Limited number of
Competitive The technical specifications cannot 1. At least 3 tenders to evaluate and HIGH HIGH
dialogue be established with sufficient Prequalification pre-selected therefore less resource
precision by the CA with reference candidates can Greater potential for
intensive for the
to defined standards or technical 2. Dialogue submit a tender collusion/corruption
evaluation committee/
requirements. due to the increased
3. Selection CA.
exercise of discretion by
37
The contract cannot be awarded and evaluation the CA.
Two-stage or three-
without prior negotiations due to stage procedures might
specific risks or circumstances Transparency
be longer in order to
related to the nature, complexity, or requirements are
respect the required
legal and financial matters. particularly challenging
time limits.
during the dialogue.
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Procedures Specific requirements for using Stages Minimum Level of Workload for Risk of complaints, Incentive
the procedure number of competition contracting remedies or for
candidates authorities irregularities innovative
or tailored
ideas/
products
Innovation The CA procures both the 1. All interested MEDIUM HIGH HIGH HIGH
partnership development and purchase of Prequalification candidates
innovative products, services may request Limited number The burden of proof Greater potential for
or works which are not already 2. Negotiation participation in of candidates for the circumstances collusion/corruption
available on the market. response to a allowed to allowing for the use of due to the increased
3. Delivery submit a tender. the procedure rests with exercise of discretion by
contract notice.
the CA. the CA.
At least 3 Possibility
pre-selected to restrict The CA is highly Transparency
candidates can participation involved in the contract requirements are
submit a tender only to market execution since it particularly challenging
operators with procures and monitors during the negotiation
high level of both the research and and the contract
specialisation. development and the implementation.
38
delivery/deployment
of a non-existing new Risk of crowding out of
product or service. other R&D investments
and foreclosing of
Potentially, limited competition for the
number of tenders to delivery/deployment
evaluate and therefore stage (2014 R&D&I
less resource intensive State aid rules consider
for the evaluation there is no risk of State
committee/CA. aid only when the
procedure is limited to
Three-stage procedures the purchase of unique/
might be longer in order specialised products
to respect the required or services for which
time limits. there are no other
potential suppliers on
the market).
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Design The jury must be composed 1. Selection All interested MEDIUM HIGH LOW HIGH
contest exclusively of natural persons and evaluation candidates
independent of participants in the may request Limited number Resource intensive for Decisions are related to
contest. participation in of candidates both the CA/jury and the a one-stage procedure.
response to a allowed to candidates who have
submit a tender. to prepare a complete Decision coming from
contract notice. an independent jury
tender.
Possibility to often including external
restrict the stakeholders,
number of
participants
based on clear
and non-
discriminatory
selection
criteria.
39
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Procedures Specific requirements for using Stages Minimum Level of Workload for Risk of complaints, Incentive
the procedure number of competition contracting remedies or for
candidates authorities irregularities innovative
or tailored
ideas/
products
Negotiated This procedure is a derogation from 1. Selection Possibility to LOW LOW HIGH LOW
procedure general rules and can be used only and evaluation restrict the
without under one or more of the following number of The CA chooses Reduced workload for The use of the
prior exceptional instances: participants the economic the CA due to the small procedure has to be
publication down to 1. operators for number of tenders to be exceptional and be
For works, supplies or services: the negotiation. assessed. easily challenged by
An open or restricted procedure has prejudiced economic
not attracted any tenders or any Negotiation skills are operators.
suitable tenders; required to conduct the
procedure properly. Greater potential for
Extreme urgency justified by collusion/corruption
unforeseeable circumstances; due to the increased
exercise of discretion by
Contract can be performed only the CA.
40
by a particular economic operator
in case of unique work of art or
artistic performance, absence of
competition for technical reasons or
protection of exclusive rights.
41
procurement test innovative products, services submit a tender. Unlimited The burden of proof Decision made with a
or works which are not already number of for the circumstances straightforward focus
Note: This available in the market. Pre-commercial tenderers allowing for the use on the award. Limited
procedure procurement allowed to of the procedure rests transparency risks as
does not awards submit a tender. with the CA. However, an open, transparent,
fall under contracts the burden of proof competitive procedure.
Directive to several is lower compared to
2014/24/EU. contractors in innovation partnerships
parallel and (no crowding out of
is budgeted R&D investments
to end with or foreclosing of
minimum 2 competition for final
contractors up delivery of solutions).
to the final R&D
step.
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
20
uropean Commission, DG REGIO, Stock-taking of administrative capacity, systems and practices across the EU to ensure
E
the compliance and quality of public procurement involving European Structural and Investment (ESI) Funds, January 2016.
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/policy/how/improving-investment/public-procurement/study/.
42
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Source: OECD/SIGMA, Public Procurement Brief 10, Public procurement procedures, September 2016.
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Public-Procurement-Policy-Brief-10-200117.pdf
43
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
1.5.5. Innovation partnership the resulting solutions are submitted at the start
of the competitive procurement procedure and that
An innovation partnership is implemented through the solutions are actually further developed during
a three-stage procurement process (prequalifica- the implementation of the contract.
tion, negotiation, delivery). The contracting author-
ity buys both R&D services to develop an inno- This constitutes a major difference compared to
vative solution and the resulting innovative the competitive dialogue procedure where dialogue
products, services or works. continues until the contracting authority identifies
the solution that best meets its needs.
The underlying logic of an innovation partnership is
that tenders for both the R&D and the delivery of
44
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
45
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The plan or design is selected by a jury and the sub- This is a significant derogation from the core princi-
sequent winner is then invited to negotiate before ples of openness, transparency and competition and
signing the contract. The negotiated procedure with- is a very exceptional procedure. The burden of
out prior publication of a contract notice can be used proof for the circumstances allowing for the use of
for that purpose (see section 1.5.7. Negotiated pro- the negotiated procedure rests with the contracting
cedure without prior publication). authority.
In addition to the design contract, the outcome of The negotiated procedure without prior publication
the procedure may also include the award of prizes. can be used only in exceptional circumstances which
must be duly justified. These possibilities are clearly
There are no detailed requirements relating to the defined by Article 32 of Directive 2014/24/EU and
number of stages to be used, or to the process to are listed in the table below.
be followed.
Table 6. Overview of the instances where the negotiated procedure without prior
publication can be used
An open or restricted procedure has not attracted any tenders or any suitable tenders,
provided all those who submitted tenders are included in the negotiations and the specifications of
the requirement are not altered substantially. No suitable tenders mean that tenders are unusable,
irrelevant to the contract, being manifestly incapable of meeting the contracting authority’s needs and
requirements as specified in the procurement documents.
Cases of extreme urgency justified by unforeseeable circumstances. These are situations a CA
could not have predicted from the beginning of the procurement procedure and not attributable to
actions of the CA (e.g. natural disasters, floods, security attacks). This applies also to additional works/
services/supplies requiring immediate action and arriving even if the CA has prepared the project and/
or the technical specifications in a diligent way.
The contract can be performed only by a particular economic operator for one of the
following reasons: creation or acquisition of a unique work of art or artistic performance, absence
of competition for technical reasons (provided that the technical requirements are not artificially
narrowed), protection of exclusive rights including intellectual property rights.
46
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
For technical or artistic reasons or due to the existence of special or exclusive rights,
only one possible supplier or service provider exists.
21
uropean Commission, COM(2007) 799 final, Pre-commercial Procurement: Driving innovation to ensure sustainable high
E
quality public services in Europe. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2007:0799:FIN:EN:PDF
47
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
By using this exemption, a contracting authority can financial capacity requirements for the research and
procure R&D services outside of the EU and WTO development, not for deploying commercial volumes
rules, provided that it still complies with the EU of solutions.
Treaty principles and selects the economic operators
in a transparent and non-discriminatory manner. Contracting
A pre-commercial procurement contract must be of
Sharing of intellectual property and limited duration and may include the development
benefits of prototypes or limited volumes of first products or
In pre-commercial procurement the contracting au- services in the form of a test series.
thority does not reserve all the intellectual property
and the benefits of the R&D exclusively to itself, However, the purchase of the newly created prod-
but shares them with the economic operators un- ucts or services must not be part of the scope of
der market conditions, thus ensuring that there is the same contract. Pre-commercial procurement
no state aid. differentiates the R&D contract from potential sub-
sequent contracts for the purchase of commercial
Benefit sharing means that the contracting author- volumes of the innovative solution created.
ity leaves the intellectual property ownership rights
with the participating economic operators, while 1.5.9. Light regime for procurement of
keeping licence-free rights to use the R&D results social and health services
and the right to (require the economic operators to)
give licences to third parties. For a number of categories of services contracts
in the health and social sectors, contracting au-
The interest of the contracting authority is primarily thorities can use a ‘light’ regime.
the right to use the solution and possibly to license it
in any follow-up procurement. Furthermore, the con- These services, often referred to as ‘services to the
tracting authority encourages competition between person’, are provided within a particular context
more economic operators by progressively selecting which can differ between Member States. In addi-
them based on their performance obtained for pre- tion, they usually have, by essence, a very limited
defined milestones and their tenders for the next cross-border dimension.
phase. Lastly, the contracting authority should have
the possibility to terminate the project at any point The threshold of EUR 750 000 applies to this light
if the results do not meet expected objectives. approach. This is much higher than the threshold
that applies to services under the full regime.
The main advantage for economic operators is that
it allows them to bring a solution to a need in public This light approach can be taken when procuring
service that is not satisfactorily addressed by the health, social and other services that fall within the
current market. They also can test this solution and common procurement vocabulary codes listed in
gather users’ feedback throughout the R&D phase. Annex XIV to Directive 2014/24/EU.
If successful, this process enables them to test the
solutions and sell them to other public procurers or The list of those services includes:
in other markets.
āā health, social and related services;
In addition, pre-commercial procurement can be
particularly interesting for SMEs because tenderers āā administrative, social, educational, health care,
only need to fulfil the professional qualification and and cultural services;
uropean Commission, Commission staff working document — Example of a possible approach for procuring R&D services
E
applying risk-benefit sharing at market conditions, i.e. pre-commercial procurement, 2007.
Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1511547965552&uri=CELEX:52007SC1668.
48
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
āā legal services, to the extent that they are not ex- āā postal services.
cluded altogether from the Directives;
Directive 2014/24/EU includes very few provisions Framework agreements can be applied to works,
on the procurement of light regime services. Thus, supplies or services and are concluded within one
Member States must put in place national rules contracting authority (or between several con-
complying with the principles of transparency and tracting authorities) with one or several economic
equal treatment of economic operators, taking into operators.
account the specific nature of the services.
The contracting authority advertises the framework
Nevertheless, under the light regime, contracting agreement in the OJEU and uses one of the stand-
authorities are required to advertise the contract ard procurement procedures set out in the Directive
opportunity in the OJEU, using a contract notice or to select and evaluate the tenders. Once it has re-
prior information notice, and to publish a contract ceived and evaluated the tenders, the contracting
award notice in the OJEU. authority awards the framework agreement to one
or more economic operators.
1.5.10. Framework agreements
The successful tenderers (normally selected using
Framework agreements are not a specific proce- an open or restricted procedure) benefit from the
dure or a type of contract, but rather a tool that exclusivity of the framework agreement. The agree-
is recommended for established and repeti- ment governs the way in which contracts will be
tive needs when the contracting authority does not awarded to framework members and the terms ap-
know in advance either the contract amount or ex- plying to that award for a certain amount of time.
actly when their need will occur. Framework agree-
ments are one of the tools and techniques for ag-
gregated procurement defined in EU legislation.
49
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The rationale behind using a framework agreement Framework agreements are frequently used by cen-
for purchasing is that it helps make savings, both in tral purchasing bodies, acting either on their own
the costs of the procurement thanks to economies behalf or on behalf of a number of contracting au-
of scale, and the time spent on the procurement thorities. Framework agreements can also be eas-
process. ily combined with joint procurement, such as in the
examples below.
Source: OECD/SIGMA, Public procurement Brief 19, Framework Agreements, September 2016.
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Public-Procurement-Policy-Brief-19-200117.pdf.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
1.6. Plan the procedure and management of the contract. This can be done
on the basis of all the key elements that have al-
At this stage, it is recommended to draw up a com- ready been defined: need to be satisfied, team and
prehensive plan for the whole procurement proce- stakeholders, subject matter, duration and value of
dure in order to organise the future implementation the contract as well as the procedure.
The contracting authority should draw up a compre- 1.6.1. Planning complex contracts
hensive timetable, standard tools or rules (e.g. for
communication with tenderers) and devise a system For complex contracts, a Gantt chart can be estab-
for recording key decisions (i.e. register information lished in order to take into account all the required
known at that stage, available options and justifica- tasks, distribute responsibilities and clearly identify
tion of the preferred option). The plan should include the causal relationships between the steps of the
realistic and regular milestones to help track pro- process.
gress while implementing both complex and simpler
contracts. In order to proceed with scheduling in a Gantt chart
you need the following inputs:
The contracting authority is also recommended to
have rules concerning contract management, in- āā the sequence of tasks to be carried out;
volvement from stakeholders, monitoring and con-
trol of the procurement procedures (see chapter 5. āā the task duration estimates;
Contract implementation).
āā human resources requirements;
āā deliverables or equivalent;
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
A Gantt chart focuses on the sequence of tasks nec- corresponds to the duration of the task or the time
essary to complete a certain project. Each task is needed to complete it. Arrows connecting the tasks
represented as a horizontal bar. The horizontal axis represent the causal relationship between some of
is the time scale over which the project will be im- the tasks (see example below)22.
plemented. Therefore, the length of each task bar
The Gantt chart is an excellent tool for quickly as- 1.6.2. Simple planning tool
sessing the status of a project. It is therefore suit-
able for status reports and for communicating in- For more routine contracts, a comprehensive dash-
formation regarding the progress of a project to all board in the form of a simple table can be easily and
stakeholders. quickly completed to plan and monitor the contract
preparation and implementation.
It can be developed using software like Microsoft
Project or via a Microsoft Excel template which has The indicative table below allows to gather in one
less functionality but is easier and faster to use. single sheet the necessary information for each of
the main phases of the procurement process.
22
Public Procurement Directorate (PPD) of the Treasury of the Republic of Cyprus, PUBLIC PROCUREMENT BEST PRACTICE GUIDE,
2008. Available at: http://www.publicprocurementguides.treasury.gov.cy/OHS-EN/HTML/index.html?7_4_1_5_time_planning_of_
activities.htm.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Engage stakeholders
(appoint working group)
Analyse market
Draft procurement
documents
Provide clarifications to
potential tenderers
4. Contract implementation
Issue payments
If relevant, modification
of contract
If relevant, termination of
contract
Ideally, this dashboard table should be prepared to ensure a common agreement and understanding
jointly and should be shared among the relevant in- of the overall planning.
ternal stakeholders at the beginning of the process
53
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Document Description
Invitation to tender, The invitation is a brief letter inviting economic operators to submit to
or invitation for pre- the contracting authority a tender, or a request to participate in the case of
qualification two-stage procedures (such as the restricted procedure or the competitive
procedure with negotiation).
Contract notice The contract notice is the document that formally and publicly launches
the procurement procedure. Depending on the value of the contract
and on national rules, the contract notice will be published in the Official
Journal of the EU and/or in national, regional or local publications (see
section 2.5.2 Notices to be advertised). It provides essential information
about the contract, refers to the main relevant bodies and indicates where
interested parties can access the full procurement documents.
Technical The technical specifications are the key document in the procurement
specifications dossier. They may include general background information about the
contract, a description of the subject matter, the exclusion grounds, the
selection and award criteria, and details of the specific scope of work
required from the economic operator.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Document Description
Instructions to The instructions consist of guidelines and formal rules regulating the
tenderers procurement procedure.
Draft contract A draft contract may be included in the procurement documents to provide
clear information to economic operators on the required contractual
arrangements. A draft contract is a detailed legal document, which
generally indicates the contract value, subject matter, duration and
timeframe, payment conditions, and other legal provisions including
protection of parties, representations, warranties, indemnifications, terms
and all applicable laws and regulations.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The key elements concerning the administrative part The ESPD enables economic operators to declare
of tenders are further described below, while spe- electronically that they meet the required conditions
cific sections deal in more depth with the technical to participate in a public procurement procedure. In
part of tenders (see sections 2.2. Define specifica- other words, the ESPD consists of a formal state-
tions and standards and 2.3. Define the criteria). ment from economic operators confirming that they
are not excluded under the grounds for exclusion
2.1.1. Set up the ESPD and that they meet the selection criteria.
The European Single Procurement Document (ESPD) Only the successful tenderer will need to provide full
aims to reduce the administrative burden on eco- documentary evidence supporting this declaration.
nomic operators, and in particular SMEs, that arises In the future, even this obligation may be lifted once
from the need to produce a substantial number of evidence can be linked electronically to national
certificates and administrative documents relating databases.
to the exclusion grounds and selection criteria.
The figure below sets out the main steps relating to
the ESPD.
1 2
Contracting authority creates/ Tenderer indicates its eligibility
reuses an ESPD template, defining and submits the ESPD
the exclusion grounds and with the tender
selection criteria
4 3
Contracting authority only ESPD system automatically
requests originals from generates an overview
the successful tenderer for all tenders
How does the ESPD work? curement platforms, or use the ESPD tool developed
As of 18 April 2018, EU Member States will put in by the Commission (see Figure 5. below).
place exclusively electronic public procurement. Un-
til that date, the ESPD can be printed, filled in manu- The Commission has developed a tool that allows
ally, scanned and sent electronically. contracting authorities to create their ESPD and at-
tach it to tender documents23. It is then possible for
To create and use the ESPD, contracting authorities contracting authorities to tailor the ESPD to their
can either use a tool integrated into their own e-pro- needs and to export it in a machine-readable format.
23
European Commission, DG GROW, European Single Procurement Document and e-Certis, 2017.
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/public-procurement/e-procurement/espd/.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The ESPD must be included alongside the other pro- In addition, economic operators may reuse an ESPD
curement documents. In addition, the contract no- which has already been used in a previous procure-
tice should indicate that candidates or tenderers are ment procedure, provided that they confirm that the
required to fill in and submit an ESPD as part of the information contained therein remains correct.
application or tender.
e-Certis, online database on
Before awarding the contract, the contracting au- administrative documentary evidence
thority must require the tenderer to which it has e-Certis is a free source of information which is
decided to award the contract to submit up-to-date meant to help economic operators and contracting
documents supporting the information declared in authorities to identify the different certificates and
the ESPD. If the contracting authority already pos- attestations frequently requested in procurement
sesses or has full access to the relevant, up-to-date procedures across the EU.
supporting documents or other documentary evi-
dence via a national database, the successful ten- The system is available online: https://ec.europa.eu/
derer is not required to submit the supporting docu- growth/tools-databases/ecertis/
ments again.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
It helps tenderers find out what evidence is request- by an economic operator. It is particularly useful in
ed by a contracting authority (e.g. in relation to ex- the framework of cross-border procurement proce-
clusion grounds or selection criteria) and helps con- dure when the different parties come from several
tracting authorities understand documents provided Member States.
2.1.2. Draft contract to the contractor that are totally beyond its control,
as these may limit the number of tenders, have a
Contracting authorities should publish, within the significant impact on the price or lead to contract
procurement documents, a draft of the contract disputes.
that is to be signed with the successful tenderer so
that all economic operators are aware of the legal It is recommended that contracting authorities use
framework regulating the contract implementation standardised pro forma contract issued by their le-
(see section 5. Contract implementation). gal department or their national public procurement
bodies. It might also be useful to divide contract
A well-drafted contract should include provisions on templates into ‘specific conditions’ and ‘general
applicable regulation, subject matter, price, delays, conditions’, the latter being standardised, and the
misconduct, liability, dispute resolution, revision former being tailored to each specific procurement
clauses, intellectual property rights, confidentiality procedure. If there is any doubt, contracting authori-
obligations and any other relevant aspects. ties should always seek appropriate legal advice.
The contract should be fair and balanced in terms The full set of procurement documents and the full
of risk sharing. In particular, contracting authorities tender from the successful tenderer should be at-
should avoid clauses or contract terms shifting risks tached to the final contract signed by all parties.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
As a general rule, well-prepared technical specifica- āā be drawn up so as to take into account acces-
tions should: sibility criteria for persons with disabilities or be
designed for all users where the procurement is
āā be precise in the way requirements are described; intended for use by natural persons, either the
general public or staff of the contracting authority;
āā be easily understood by economic operators and
all other stakeholders; āā be approved by the contracting authority’s rel-
evant management chain depending on the ap-
āā have clearly defined, achievable and measurable plicable internal rules.
inputs, outputs and outcomes;
Works technical specifications should cover, as a
āā provide sufficiently detailed information to allow minimum: technical works description, technical re-
economic operators to submit realistic and tai- port, design package (design drawings, design calcu-
lored tenders; lations, detailed drawings), assumptions and regula-
tions including working conditions (traffic deviation,
āā take into account as much as possible the views night works), bill of quantities (if applicable), works
of the contracting authority, potential users of price list and a time schedule.
or beneficiaries from the contract, and external
stakeholders, as well as inputs from the market; If relevant, technical specifications should provide
explicit review clauses to allow for a certain degree
āā be drafted by persons with sufficient expertise of flexibility for possible modifications of the con-
either from the contracting authority or using ex- tract during implementation. Review clauses must
ternal expertise; specify the scope and nature of possible changes
in a clear and precise way and must not be drafted
āā not mention any brand names or requirements in broad terms with a view to covering all possible
which limit competition; modifications. They must also indicate the condi-
tions under which they may be used (see section
5.3. Deal with contract modifications).
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The procurement documents including the contract 2.2.2. Strategic use of green, social and
notice must state clearly whether or not variant innovation criteria in public procurement
tenders will be allowed. If variant tenders are al-
lowed, then contracting authorities should ensure Traditionally, the main goal of public procurement is
the following: to achieve the best value for money while purchas-
ing works, supplies or services. However, in a context
āā The possibility of variant tenders should be ad- of financial scarcity and budgetary constraints, pub-
dressed at planning stage. Market research lic authorities increasingly use public procurement,
should show whether there is a possibility that not only to satisfy a need and to purchase works,
the draft specifications can be delivered by a con- supplies or services, but also to serve strategic pol-
tractor by methods other than those anticipated. icy objectives.
If so, and if the contracting authorities is willing
to make use of this possibility, then the specifica- Given the significant proportion of public-sector con-
tions should be drafted accordingly. tracts in European economies (about 14 % of GDP
in the EU), public procurement seems a powerful
āā Contracting authorities can invite variant ten- tool to promote environmental, social and innova-
ders only in the case of specifications based tion goals and to stimulate SME access to public
on output or outcome, but not on input where contracts.
the contracting authorities provide instructions to
tenderers. The contracting authorities should set There are three commonly used forms of strategic
out the minimum requirements that the variants public procurement24:
have to meet.
āā Green public procurement (GPP) consists of
āā The award criteria and evaluation method procuring goods, services and works with a re-
must be designed in such a way that both ‘com- duced environmental impact throughout their
pliant’ and ‘variant’ tenders can be evaluated us- life cycle, when compared to goods, services and
ing the same criteria. In these cases, it is crucial works with the same primary function that would
that the award criteria are thoroughly tested at otherwise be procured25;
the procurement planning stage to ensure that
they enable a fair, open and transparent evalua- āā Socially responsible public procurement
tion. In extreme cases, if this is not the case, this (SRPP) allows contracting authorities to take
can lead to the tender having to be cancelled and into account different social considerations, such
restarted. as social inclusion, labour standards, gender
equality and ethical trade26;
Allowing for variants in technical specifications is
a challenging task which will require appropriate āā Public procurement for innovation (PPI) al-
technical expertise during the evaluation of tenders. lows contracting authorities to purchase innova-
Therefore, the acceptance of variants needs to be tive goods and services that are not yet com-
addressed and agreed as early as possible, before mercially available on a large-scale basis. With
the procurement procedure is advertised. the contracting authority acting as the launch
24
European Commission, DG GROW, Study on Strategic use of public procurement in promoting green, social and innovation
policies — Final Report, 2016. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/17261.
25
uropean Commission, Communication (COM(2008) 400) Public procurement for a better environment.
E
Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52008DC0400.
26
uropean Commission, DG EMPL, Buying social: a guide to taking account of social considerations in public procurement, 2011.
E
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=89&newsId=978.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
customer, this is a demand-side tool to encour- āā lay down conditions related to the way the con-
age innovation while satisfying the needs of the tract is carried out, including environmental or
contracting authority27. social considerations. These conditions must be
non-discriminatory and compatible with EU law
The EU procurement legislative framework explicitly (e.g. clauses related to labour conditions must
allows contracting authorities to use some specific be drawn up in compliance with the EU rules on
provisions to facilitate work towards strategic minimum standards applicable to all European
goals in procurement procedures. They may: workers);
āā include specific requirements (e.g. social or envi- āā reserve some service contracts for specific or-
ronmental) as award criteria when using the best ganisations, provided that they meet five condi-
price-quality ratio, provided that these require- tions:
ments relate to the contract;
they pursue a public service mission;
āā require certifications, labels or other equivalent
evidence of the application of quality, environ-
they reinvest profits in the organisation’s
mental or social standards (see section 2.2.3. objective;
Use of standards or labels);
they are managed on the basis of employee
āā take into account the life-cycle cost when setting ownership or participatory principles;
the award criteria in order to encourage more
sustainable purchases. This practice might save they must not have been awarded a contract
money in the long term, despite appearing on ini- within the past three years;
tial examination to be more costly (see section
2.3.3. Award criteria);
contracts awarded using this option cannot
have a duration of more than three years.
āā use procedures designed to support innovation in
public procurement such as the competitive dia- āā reserve some contracts for organisations where
logue and the innovation partnership (see sec- at least 30 % of the workforce consists of people
tions 1.5.4. Competitive dialogue and 1.5.5. Inno- with disabilities or disadvantaged people.
vation partnership);
27
OECD, Public Procurement for Innovation — Good practices and strategies, 2017.
Available at: http://www.oecd.org/gov/public-procurement-for-innovation-9789264265820-en.htm.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
2.2.3. Use of standards or labels Contracting authorities should only refer to stand-
ards which are drawn up by independent bodies,
The use of standards, labels or certifications in pub- preferably at European or international level such as
lic procurement is widespread, as these are objec- the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) or
tive and measurable and represent a practical and certifications from the International Organisation for
reliable way for contracting authorities to verify the Standardisation (ISO).
compliance of tenderers with certain minimum re-
quirements. Contracting authorities may reference If they chose to mention a national or regional certi-
commonly known standards or labels in the procure- fication, contracting authorities must accept equiva-
ment documents in order to ensure that the product lent certifications from other Member States or any
or service is delivered in compliance with particular other evidence proving that the requirement is met.
sectoral or quality standards.
28
uropean Commission, DG ENV, EU Green Public Procurement criteria (all EU languages).
E
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/eu_gpp_criteria_en.htm.
29
uropean Commission, DG ENV, List of existing EU and international eco-labels.
E
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/pdf/ecolabels.pdf.
30
uropean Commission, DG ENV, Buying green! A handbook on green public procurement, 2016.
E
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/buying_handbook_en.htm.
31
European Commission, DG ENV, GPP good practices. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/case_group_en.htm.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Who must be excluded from Who is capable of executing Whose proposal will deliver the expected
the procurement procedure? the contract? results in the best possible way?
When identifying the criteria, contracting authorities should have these questions in mind in order to
avoid any confusion and the potential inclusion of inappropriate criteria.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
āā economic and financial capacities; and The selection criteria must always mention ‘or
equivalent’ when specifying standards, brands or
āā technical and professional abilities. origins of any type.
Defining the selection criteria Since the selection criteria depend upon the specific
The selection criteria are the minimum levels of nature and scope of the procurement, best practice
ability which are required to participate, and they is to define them when drafting the specifications.
must be:
The table below summarises potential selection cri-
āā compliant with the EU Treaty principles, in par- teria provided for in Directive 2014/24/EU, which
ticular the principles of transparency, equal can be used by contracting authorities to select
treatment and non-discrimination; tenderers.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Assess suitability Be enrolled in one of the official professional or trade registers kept in the
to pursue the relevant Member State
professional
activity Official authorisation to perform a certain type of service (e.g. civil engineers,
architects)
Valid professional insurance certificate (this can also be requested at the time
of signing the contract)
Assess economic Minimum yearly turnover, which must not exceed twice the estimated contract
and financial value (e.g. EUR 2 million where the contract value is EUR 1 million per year),
capacity including a particular minimum turnover in the area covered by the contract
Assess technical Appropriate human resources (e.g. relevant qualifications for key staff) and
and professional technical resources (e.g. specific equipment) to carry out the contract to the
ability required quality standard
The necessary skills, efficiency, experience and reliability to provide the service
or to execute the installation or the work
Substantial changes to the selection criteria once set are not acceptable
After publication of the procurement documents, only minor changes to the main selection criteria
are acceptable, such as changes in the wording or the address to which applications should be submit-
ted.
Changes in requirements such as financial details (yearly turnover or equity rate), the number of
references, or the required insurance cover are considered significant changes. These require an exten-
sion of the application/submission deadline (see section 2.4 Set the time limits) or a cancellation of
the procedure.
32
The full list of professional or trade registers in EU Member States is provided in Annex XI of Directive 2014/24/EU.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Assessing the selection criteria āā the minimum number of candidates they intend
The methodology to select tenderers depends on the to invite; and
nature and complexity of the procurement proce-
dure. The methodology should enable the contract- āā where appropriate, the maximum number of
ing authority to objectively and transparently deter- candidates that will be invited.
mine which tenderers are capable of delivering.
When scoring applicants, the decision on points
The selection criteria can be assessed via: must always be followed by comments, in order to
be able to explain the results in the future.
āā a ‘comply or fail’ question;
As with many procurement aspects, the selec-
āā a weighting system for the criteria; tion criteria and the methodology for select-
ing tenderers must be transparent and made
āā an assessment methodology, for more compli- available in the procurement documents.
cated contracts.
When defining the selection criteria, common errors
A numerical scoring methodology can also be used made by contracting authorities are:
to help contracting authorities rank and shortlist
tenderers, if needed. In restricted procedures, af- āā failing to check that all the selection criteria are
ter screening out those tenderers that do not meet relevant and proportionate to a particular pro-
the minimum selection criteria, a numerical rating curement, and simply reusing the same criteria
should be allocated if the number of applicants in new procedures;
needs to be reduced in order to make a shortlist.
In these cases, contracting authorities must set out, āā adding questions without any thought as to the
in the contract notice or in the invitation to confirm potential responses;
interest:
āā failing to publish the methodology for assessing
āā the objective and non-discriminatory method and scoring compliance with the selection criteria.
they intend to apply;
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
3. having at least 5 similar references from the public sector only, and not the private sector (e.g. for
cleaning contracts), unless justified and non-discriminatory;
4. providing references for previous works that are significantly higher in value and scope than the
contract being tendered, unless justified and non-discriminatory;
5. already having qualifications/professional certificates recognised in the country of the contracting
authority at the time of submission of tenders, as this would be difficult for foreign tenderers to
comply with in such a short timeframe;
6. complying with a particular professional standard without using the wording ‘or equivalent’ (e.g.
standards set by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), global standards
from the International Federation of Social Workers, NSF Water Treatment Standards, norms from
the International Civil Aviation Organisation or the International Air Transport Association, etc.).
2.3.3. Award criteria The approach chosen for the award criteria must be
clearly stated in the contract notice. In addition, when
Following the selection of tenderers who comply using the best price-quality ratio, detailed award cri-
with both the exclusion grounds and the selection teria and their weighting should be indicated either
criteria, contracting authorities must choose the best in the contract notice or in the procurement docu-
tender on the basis of the award criteria. As with the ments (e.g. technical specifications) through a scor-
selection criteria, the award criteria must be set in ing matrix or a clear evaluation methodology33.
advance, published in the procurement documents
and must not impair fair competition. Price only or lowest price
The price-only approach means that price is the only
Contracting authorities must base the award of con- factor that is taken into account when choosing the
tract on the most economically advantageous best tender. The tender with the lowest price wins
tender. The application of this criterion can be done the contract. No cost analysis and no quality consi-
through three different approaches, all of which in- derations are assessed in this choice.
volve an economic element:
The use of the price-only criterion can be useful in
āā price only; the following cases:
āā cost only, using a cost-effectiveness approach āā For works where the designs are provided by the
such as life-cycle costing; contracting authority or for works with a pre-
existing design, it is common to use the lowest
āā best price-quality ratio. price criterion.
Contracting authorities are free to choose one of āā For supplies which are simple and standardised
these three methods, except in cases of the compet- off-the-shelf products (e.g. stationery), the price
itive dialogue and the innovation partnership, where may be the only relevant factor on which the
the criterion of the best price-quality ratio must be contract award decision is based.
used. The price criterion can also take the form of a
fixed price on the basis of which economic operators āā For some standardised services (e.g. cleaning
will compete on quality criteria. services for buildings or publishing services), a
33
OECD/SIGMA, Public procurement Brief 8, Setting the Award Criteria, September 2016.
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Public-Procurement-Policy-Brief-8-200117.pdf.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
contracting authority may prefer to define in de- āā acquisition costs (e.g. purchase, installation, ini-
tail the exact specification requirements and then tial training);
select the tender that meets the requirements
and offers the lowest price. āā operational costs (e.g. energy, consumable, main-
tenance);
It should be noted that, even though the application
of the price-only criterion is still allowed and can be āā end-of-life related costs (e.g. recycling, disposal);
useful for simple purchases, contracting authorities
may decide to limit the use of this criterion because āā environmental impacts (e.g. polluting emissions).
it might not help reach the best value for money.
Contracting authorities must specify the method
Cost-effectiveness, life cycle costing which will be used to assess life-cycle costs in the
With the cost-effectiveness approach, the winning procurement documents and must indicate precisely
tender is the one with the lowest total cost, taking which data will be needed from tenderers to do this.
into account all costs of the goods, works or ser-
vices throughout the duration of their life cycle. The
life-cycle costs cover all costs incurred by the con-
tracting authority, either one-off or recurrent costs,
including34:
34
OECD/SIGMA, Public procurement Brief 34, Life-cycle Costing, September 2016.
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Public-Procurement-Policy-Brief-34-200117.pdf.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Best price-quality ratio tial. Experience has shown that when procuring
The purpose of the best price-quality ratio is to this type of service, using the best price-quality
identify the tender that offers the best value for ration delivers the best results in terms of value
money. It must be assessed on the basis of criteria for money.
linked to the subject matter of the public contract
in question. These criteria may include qualitative, The award criteria based on price-quality ratio will
environmental and/or social aspects. generally be scored using a system that assigns
weightings to the different criteria. The relative
The best price-quality ratio is considered appropri- weighting of each criterion used to evaluate the
ate in cases such as: tenders must be stated in percentages or in quanti-
fiable scores, for example ‘price 30 %, quality 40 %,
āā works designed by the tenderer; service 30 %’. Where this is not possible for objec-
tive reasons, the criteria should be listed in descend-
āā supplies that involve significant and specialised ing order of importance (see section 4.2. Apply the
product installation and/or maintenance and/or award criteria).
user training activities - for this type of contract,
quality is normally of particular importance; The table below sets out typical award criteria and
sub-criteria that can be used when the contract-
āā services linked to intellectual activity such as ing authority choses the best price-quality ratio
consultancy services where the quality is essen- approach.
Table 10. Examples of award criteria of the best price-quality ratio approach
Criteria Sub-criteria
Life-cycle cost
Risk analysis
Quality control
Staff assigned to carry out the Where the quality of the staff assigned has a significant
contract impact on the way the contract will be carried out:
āā Qualification of staff;
āā Experience of staff.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Criteria Sub-criteria
Maintenance
After-sale service
Technical assistance
The award criteria should be specific to each public when preparing the procurement documents and
contract. Contracting authorities should define them must not modify them afterwards.
Setting the award criteria for a complex contract Since award criteria must be specific to each pro-
requires considerable technical skills and therefore curement procedure and closely linked to the sub-
contracting authorities may need to seek expert ad- ject matter of the contract, one-size-fits-all award
vice either internally or externally (see section 1.2. criteria cannot and should not be drawn up. Nev-
Engage stakeholders). Technical advisors can also ertheless, in order to provide further guidance to
be used as non-voting members of evaluation com- procurement practitioners, it is possible to point out
mittees (see chapter 4. Evaluation of tenders), but common mistakes that should be avoided and to list
it is important that they do not have any conflict of some examples of do’s and don’ts when designing
interest with regard to potential tenderers (see sec- award criteria.
tion 1.2.3. Integrity and conflict of interest).
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The table below sets out some examples of good practices when designing criteria.
Don’ts Do’s
Tenderer’s minimum opening hours from Minimum opening hours from 08.00 to 16.00.
08:00 to 16:00. Long opening hours will be Longer opening hours up to 24/7 will be
evaluated positively. evaluated and weighted positive.
→ ‘Long opening hours’ are not defined by the → The tenderers compete between opening
contracting authority. hours from 8:00-16:00 to 24/7.
Days of delivery from ordering. Short delivery Days of delivery from ordering within a
time will be evaluated positively. maximum of 12 days. An offer of 4 days will
be evaluated and weighted positively.
→ ‘Short delivery time’ is not defined by the
contracting authority, e.g. maximum days → The tenderers compete between 12 and 4
and days in the offer that will be weighted days. No extra points will be awarded for a
positively. delivery time faster than 4 days.
Extra cost for urgent orders. Extra cost for urgent orders. The estimated
number of ‘urgent orders’ per year is 500.
→ The contracting authority should provide an
estimated number of ‘urgent orders’ per year → The tenderers can calculate a total cost per
to enable tenderers to calculate the related year for urgent order which is realistic and
costs. clear.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Formula to rank tenders To calculate which tender offers the best price-qual-
Once the award criteria have been evaluated and ity ratio, contracting authorities should take into ac-
scored, a specific formula should be used to rank count the quality score and the price, both expressed
tenders and to establish which tender should win in the form of indices. The method used must be
the competition. This does not apply if the price-only indicated in the procurement documents and must
criterion has been used, where the ranking of ten- remain unchanged during the entire procedure.
ders can be easily done by comparing the financial
offers. There is no one required way to define the best price-
quality ratio but two formulas are commonly used:
(a) a basic method with no particular weighting between price and quality:
cheapest price
Score for tender X = x total quality score (out of 100) for tender X
price of tender X
(b) a method applying a weighting for quality and price expressed as a percentage (e.g. 60 %/40 %):
cheapest price
Score for tender X = x 100 x price weighting (in %) + total quality score
price of tender X
(out of 100) for tender X x quality criteria weighting (in %)
The weighting determines how much extra money The example below shows the differences in calcu-
the contracting authority is prepared to spend in or- lating results and ranking for three valid tenders (A,
der to award the contract to an economic operator B and C) using the two methods above.
whose tender provides a higher technical value.
The weighting formula (b) clearly emphasises the
Both formulae give a final mark out of 100 points. importance of quality compared to formula (a).
The tender with the highest mark must be awarded
the contract.
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At this stage of the process, the contracting author- As explained above (see section 1.5. Choose the
ity must set the length of time between the publica- procedure), the choice of procedure should be made
tion of the procurement procedure and the deadline and justified at the planning stage. For each type
for the submission of tenders or requests to partici- of procedure, contracting authorities must comply
pate by economic operators. with the minimum timescales set out in Directive
2014/24/EU.
Contracting authorities can choose to provide eco-
nomic operators with more or less time to prepare The table below summarises the required minimum
their proposals, taking into account the size and time limits that must be respected for procedures
complexity of the contract. above EU thresholds.
In practice, contracting authorities usually face sig- It should be noted that the publication of a prior in-
nificant time constraints and tight internal deadlines. formation notice (PIN) combined with the possibility
Therefore, they tend to apply the minimum time for economic operators to submit their tenders elec-
limits allowed in the legislation. Also, in exceptional tronically substantially reduces the minimum time
cases, contracting authorities can use accelerated limits.
procedures in order to speed up the procurement
process.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The period can be reduced to 15 days from the Written invitations to tender must then be issued
date of the CN publication if a prior information to those selected, allowing a minimum of 30 days
notice (PIN) was published between 35 days and from despatch of the invitations to the receipt of
12 months before the date of the CN publication. tenders. This period can be reduced by 5 days if the
The PIN must include all the information required for contracting authority accepts tenders submitted
the contract notice in Directive 2014/24/EU (Annex electronically.
V, part B, section I), provided that this information
was available at the time the PIN was published. If a prior information notice (PIN) was published
electronically between 35 days and 12 months
All responses to questions from tenderers must be before the date of publication of the CN, the time-
anonymised and sent out to all interested parties frame for submission of tenders can be reduced to
at the latest 6 days before the tender submission 10 days. As with the open procedure, the PIN must
deadline. include all the information required for the contract
notice in Directive 2014/24/EU (Annex V, part B, sec-
Clarifications provided to tenderers should not have tion I), provided that this information was available
the effect of changing important aspects of the ini- at the time the PIN was published.
tial specifications (including the initial selection and
award criteria). To ensure full transparency, all clari- All responses to questions from tenderers must be
fications should be published prior to the deadline anonymised and sent out to all interested parties
for submission of tenders on the website of the con- at the latest 6 days before the tender submission
tracting authority, so that they are available to all deadline.
potential tenderers.
A contract award notice must be published within 30
A contract award notice must be published within 30 days of the conclusion of the contract (signature of
days of the conclusion of the contract (signature of all parties).
all parties).
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
2.4.2. Extension of time limits initially or fewer 4 days in an accelerated procedure (see
set out section 2.4.3. Reduction of time limits: the accel-
erated procedure);
These time limits can be extended so that economic
operators are aware of all relevant information re- āā on-the-spot access to information is necessary
garding the procurement documents if: for economic operators to prepare their tenders
- for example, information that can only be ac-
āā t here have been significant modifications to the cessed via on-site visits, data that doesn’t exist
procurement documents; in machine-readable format or particularly large
documents.
āā answers to requests for clarification have been
provided to potential tenderers fewer than
6 days before the deadline for receipt of tenders,
Lack of publication of extended time limits in the OJEU for either receipt
of tenders or requests to participate
Details of extensions to the time limits for receipt of tenders (or receipt of requests to participate)
must be published in accordance with the relevant rules.
All time limit extensions need to be published in the OJEU, for contracts where publication of a
contract notice in the OJEU was required in accordance with Articles 18, 47and 27-31 of Directive
2014/24/EU.
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2.4.3. Reduction of time limits: the āā the use of the accelerated procedure must be ap-
accelerated procedure propriately justified in the contract notice with a
clear and objective explanation;
The accelerated provisions provided for in Directive
2014/24/EU allow contracting authorities to speed āā these accelerated provisions apply only to three
up a particularly urgent public procurement proce- types of procedure: the open procedure, the re-
dure when the normal time limits would be impracti- stricted procedure and the competitive procedure
cal. Although this is not a separate procurement pro- with negotiation.
cedure (see 1.5. Choose the procedure), this practice
is referred to as an ‘accelerated procedure’. The table below sums up the reduction of time limits
possible as a result of the accelerated procedure.
The time limits can be shortened under the following
conditions:
Source: Directive 2014/24/EU, Articles 27 and 28, in number of days from date of dispatch of the contract notice in the OJEU.
The accelerated procedure is often mis-used, and use with clear and objective facts.
contracting authorities must be able to justify its
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
35
OECD/SIGMA, Public procurement Brief 6, Advertising, September 2016.
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Public-Procurement-Policy-Brief-6-200117.pdf.
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2.5.2. Notices to be advertised All notices submitted to the OJEU must use a
standard vocabulary. The Common Procurement
A fundamental tenet of EU public procurement law Vocabulary (CPV) is an 8-digits (with a 9th for
is that all contracts above EU thresholds should be verification) classification system which aims to
published in notices following a standard format at standardise the references used by contracting au-
EU level in the OJEU, so that economic operators in thorities to describe the subjects of procurement
all Member States are able to tender for contracts contracts. The CPV codes may be accessed online,
for which they consider they meet the requirements. via the SIMAP website37.
Contracting authorities can prepare the notices ei- Public procurement practitioners can also refer to
ther via their usual e-procurement platform if it the specific guidance developed by the European
can generate notices which are compliant with the Commission to complete the standard forms to be
EU standard forms, or via eNotices, the online ap- used above EU thresholds38.
plication to prepare and publish public procurement
notices36. The essential documents that must be advertised in
the OJEU above EU thresholds are the three notices
described below.
Table 14. Main notices that have to be published for contracts above EU thresholds
36
European Commission, SIMAP, eNotices. Available at: http://simap.europa.eu/enotices/.
37
European Commission, SIMAP, Common Procurement Vocabulary (CPV). Available at: http://simap.ted.europa.eu/web/simap/cpv.
38
European Commission, DG GROW, Public procurement standard forms guidance, version 1.05, 2015-09-19.
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/14683/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf.
39
European Commission, SIMAP, Standard forms for public procurement.
Available at: http://simap.ted.europa.eu/en/web/simap/standard-forms-for-public-procurement.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
40
uropean Commission, DG REGIO, Stock-taking of administrative capacity, systems and practices across the EU to ensure
E
the compliance and quality of public procurement involving European Structural and Investment (ESI) Funds, January 2016.
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/policy/how/improving-investment/public-procurement/study/.
41
European Commission, Commission Decision of 19.12.2013 on the setting out and approval of the guidelines for determining
financial corrections to be made by the Commission to expenditure financed by the Union under shared management, for non-
compliance with the rules on public procurement, COCOF(2013)9527 final.
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/cocof/2013/cocof_13_9527_en.pdf.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
42
OECD/SIGMA, Public Procurement Training Manual, Update 2015. Module E, Conducting the procurement process, 2.11.1
Advertising the award of the contract.
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/public-procurement-training-manual.htm.
43
European Commission, SIMAP, F14 Corrigendum — Notice for changes or additional information.
Available at: http://simap.ted.europa.eu/documents/10184/99173/EN_F14.pdf.
European Commission, SIMAP, Instructions for the use of the standard form 14 ‘Corrigendum’. Available at: http://simap.ted.
europa.eu/documents/10184/166101/Instructions+for+the+use+of+F14 _EN.pdf/909e4b38-1871-49a1-a206-7a5976a2d262.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
If the decision is to extend the tender submission structure for the submission and generate automat-
date (2.4.2. Extension of time limits initially set out) ic confirmation for receipt to tenderers.
then all tenderers should be immediately informed
in writing and a notice sent to the OJEU or other The submission of tenders should be kept confiden-
e-procurement platform used. This aims to make tial and in safe custody.
all potential tenderers aware of the new deadline
in case they may be interested in submitting a ten- The following task of the contracting authority is to
der given the extended timeframe. This includes any check all tenders to ensure that they are formally
tenderers who have already submitted their tenders compliant with the instructions to tenderers (e.g.
and can then submit a replacement tender by the number of copies, packaging, structure of the ten-
new deadline. der). If they are not, and there is no possibility to ask
for clarifications (either because the non-compliance
goes beyond what is allowed by rules on clarifica-
3.2. Acknowledge receipt and tions, or clarifications themselves are simply not al-
open tenders lowed in national law), they should immediately be
rejected as non-compliant and an explanation given
Whether tenders are submitted in paper or via elec- to the tenderer as to why it has been rejected. The
tronic means, contracting authorities are advised to rejection and the reason(s) must be recorded.
establish a list of the incoming tenders, with the
name of tenderers as well as the dates and times It is considered as good practice that contracting au-
of receipt. thorities organise a formal opening ceremony of
the tenders that are compliant with formal require-
In addition, tenderers should receive an official writ- ments. At least two persons from the Evaluation
ten confirmation of receipt with the date and time of Committee should be present to record the tender
delivery recorded, whether their tenders have been details (4.1. Set up the evaluation committee). The
submitted by post, courier, in person or electronically. place, time and date of the opening ceremony may
be included in the contract notice so that all tender-
In the case of e-submission of tenders, e-procure- ers or other interested stakeholders can attend.
ment portals should provide a reliable delivery
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
It should be noted that this practice varies among The assessment of exclusion grounds and selec-
European countries and that, in case of doubt con- tion criteria could be conducted thanks to a matrix
cerning the organisation of such event, contracting gathering the criteria disclosed in the procurement
authorities should consult their national procure- documents and the different tenders (see below
ment authorities. Table 15. Matrix for the assessment of exclusion
grounds and selection criteria). Exclusion grounds
and selection criteria must not be modified during
3.3. Assess and select tenders the assessment.
The selection of tenders consists in assessing the Even if exclusion grounds and selection are trans-
tenders on the basis of the exclusion grounds and parent and objective criteria, it is recommended that
the selection criteria set out in the procurement at least two persons from the contracting authority
documents (see section 2.3. Define the criteria). The and/or the Evaluation Committee (see section 4.1.
evaluation of tenders will be done after this phase Set up the evaluation committee) perform this as-
on the basis of the award criteria (see chapter 4. sessment, one analysing each criterion, and one re-
Evaluation of tenders). viewing the assessment.
Table 15. Matrix for the assessment of exclusion grounds and selection criteria
Exclusion ground … … … …
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Selection criteria … … … …
First, the contracting authority will establish whether gotiate or participate in dialogue. In the case of the
there are grounds for excluding economic operators open procedure, the tenders that they have already
from participating and if any derogation has been submitted will be evaluated44.
established (see section 2.3.1. Exclusion grounds).
The contracting authority will then consider whether If a tenderer fails to comply with an exclusion ground
the economic operators that have not been excluded or a selection criterion, the tender should be treated
meet the relevant requirements to be selected as as ineligible, and the rest of the tender should not
tenderers. The economic operators that have been be evaluated.
selected will then be invited to submit tenders, ne-
44
OECD/SIGMA, Public procurement Brief 7, Selecting Economic Operators, September 2016.
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Public-Procurement-Policy-Brief-7-200117.pdf.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Clarifications are not to be understood as negotia- For example, a contracting authority could ask for
tions. Missing certificate or supporting documents, a particular document (e.g. an existing certificate)
accidental calculation, arithmetic errors, spelling which the tenderer had overlooked enclosing with
mistakes or typos will be accepted as supplements the others. However, once it does it, the contracting
or clarifications. Substantial changes or modifica- authority is obliged to treat all tenderers equally and
tions of the tender is not allowed. has to ask for additional documentation from all ten-
derers whose documents need to be supplemented.
To ensure maximum competition, contracting au- However, to ensure adequate competition, it is re-
thorities may request supplementary information as quired that a minimum of five tenderers are invited
well, provided that this does not change the tender’s to submit tenders provided that there is at least this
content. number meeting the selection criteria, and a mini-
mum of three tenderers in the case of competitive
Following the assessment of the additional infor- procedure with negotiation, competitive dialogue
mation requested, the Evaluation Committee should and innovation partnership.
then proceed to evaluate all the selected tenders.
It should be noted that shortlisting is not allowed in
3.3.3. Shortlist open procedures.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
The evaluation of tenders should be carried out by The evaluation committee is often chaired by the
an evaluation committee (sometimes referred to contract manager in charge of the procurement pro-
as evaluation panel) whose objective is to issue a cedure within the contracting authority.
recommendation on the contract award to the con-
tracting authority. He/she can be assisted by a secretary with a finan-
cial and/or legal background in public procurement.
The evaluation must be conducted in a fair and In smaller procurement procedures, the roles of
transparent manner on the basis of the award crite- chair and secretary can be taken on by one single
ria published in the procurement documents. person (e.g. the contract manager).
Leads, coordinates, gives Supports the chair and carries Assess the tenders
guidance and controls the out the administrative tasks (independently or jointly) on
evaluation of tenders; linked to the evaluation; the basis of the award criteria
according to the evaluation
Ensures that the evaluation is Drafts and records minutes
method stated in the
carried out in accordance with of meetings and evaluation
procurement documents;
procurement law and Treaty reports;
principles; Sign a declaration of absence
Does not necessarily have
of conflict of interest and
Signs a declaration of absence voting power.
confidentiality.
of conflict of interest and
confidentiality.
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Contracting authorities should require that all mem- In addition, separate red flag or data mining tech-
bers of the evaluation committee sign a declaration niques should be used to identify and investigate
of absence of conflict of interest and confidentiality any possible undisclosed links between members of
(see section 6.5. Template declaration of absence of the evaluation committee and tenderers (see sec-
conflict of interest and confidentiality). tion 1.2.3. Integrity and conflict of interest).
During the drafting of procurement documents, the āā cost only using a cost-effectiveness approach,
contracting authority will have taken a decision as to such as life-cycle costing;
which evaluation method to follow. This method has
to be clearly presented in the procurement docu- āā best price-quality ratio.
ments (2.3. Define the criteria) according to the type
of award criteria:
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4.2.1. Price only āā any arithmetical error must be corrected and re-
corded;
If the lowest price criterion is chosen, the evalua-
tion method is rather simple and transparent since āā any discount must be applied;
it only involves comparing the different financial of-
fers, provided that the technical offer, if any, is com- āā tenders that appear to be abnormally low must
pliant with the technical specifications. be duly investigated.
Nevertheless, some important aspects need to be The lowest price or price-only criterion is only ad-
taken into account when assessing tendered prices: visable on condition that the technical specifications
and quality minimum requirements are defined up-
āā financial offers must include all price elements, front by the contracting authority and, therefore,
in accordance with the requirements set in the must be the same in all tenders.
procurement documents;
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
If a cost-effectiveness approach is used, the evalu- The most economically advantageous tender on the
ation committee has to apply the method published basis of the best price-quality ratio has become a
in the procurement documents to calculate the costs commonly used evaluation method among con-
over the life-cycle of the products, services or works. tracting authorities, even though in some countries
Whenever a common method for calculating life- the price-only criterion remains the main practice.
cycle costs (LCC) has been made mandatory in the
legislation of the Member States, that method must In that context, contracting authorities need to have
be applied. the capabilities to carry out an evaluation based on
price and quality, technical merits and functional
Life-cycle costs may cover costs borne by the con- characteristics. The tenderers equally need to un-
tracting authority or other users as well as costs at- derstand how to prepare a tender on that basis.
tributed to environmental externalities linked to the
products, services or works during their life cycle, In some cases, contracting authorities may seek
provided their monetary value can be determined help from external experts who are independent
and verified46. of any tenderers (see section 1.2.2. External key
stakeholders).
The Evaluation Committee should make sure that:
If a best price-quality ratio approach is used, the
āā tenders include the data that has been indicated evaluation committee has to apply the published
in the LCC method published in the procurement specific criteria and their relative weighting. If a
documents; more detailed evaluation methodology was dis-
closed in the tender documents, this methodology
āā the published method to determine the LCC has must be followed45.
not been changed during the evaluation process;
An evaluation matrix may be used to carry out
āā The same method is used for each tender. the evaluation of tenders. This matrix could serve
as both a practical instrument and a record-keeping
When evaluating and scoring the financial offers, the tool to be included in the evaluation report (see sec-
evaluators should follow the same logic as for the tion 4.5.2. Evaluation report).
price-only criterion, making sure that all costs are
included, arithmetical errors are corrected, discounts When scoring tenders against the award criteria,
are applied and that any tender that appears to be the scoring rationale must be decided before the
abnormally low is investigated. evaluation committee members start evaluating.
One suggestion is to have a graduated approach as
shown in the following table:
45
ECD/SIGMA, Public procurement Brief 9, Tender Evaluation and Contract Award, September 2016.
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Public-Procurement-Policy-Brief-9-200117.pdf
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Table 17. Matrix for the evaluation of tenders based on the best price-quality ratio
Tender ID A, B, …
Evaluation Evaluator(s) name: Date:
While conducting the evaluation, the evaluation The members of the evaluation committee must
committee should pay particular attention to the agree a consistent approach when scoring the ten-
following: ders to ensure a meaningful and quality evaluation.
āā the published award criteria should always in- When evaluating and scoring the financial offers, the
clude a criterion on the price; evaluators should follow the same logic as for the
price-only criterion, making sure that all costs are
āā the award criteria and their weightings, includ- included, arithmetical errors are corrected, discounts
ing sub-criteria as well as any evaluation metho- are applied and that any tender that appears to be
dology, cannot be modified during the evaluation abnormally low is investigated.
process.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
4.3. Deal with abnormally low The tenderer should explain why its financial offer is
tenders particularly low and whether there are any circum-
stances which would reasonably account for the low
Evaluating ‘abnormally low tenders’ can be chal- offer, such as:
lenging for contracting authorities since there is no
straightforward approach that can be used to iden- āā innovative technical solutions;
tify them. Abnormally low tenders refer to the situa-
tion where the price offered by an economic operator āā possibility of the tenderer to obtain state aid;
raises doubts as to whether the offer is economi-
cally sustainable and can be carried out properly46. āā particular circumstances allowing it to obtain
supplies or subcontract tasks at favourable con-
When the financial offer of a tender seems to be ditions.
abnormally low, the evaluation committee should
require the tenderer to clarify in writing that the of- Based upon the analysis of the justification provided
fer is economically sustainable and it can be carried by the tenderer, the evaluation committee should
out properly. It can be the case that the tenderer decide if the tender is to be rejected or accepted.
has misunderstood the specifications, has underes-
timated the workload or the risks or that the techni- The rejection of an abnormally low tender must be
cal requirements were unclear. duly justified in the evaluation report.
46
ECD/SIGMA, Public procurement Brief 35, Abnormally Low Tenders, September 2016.
O
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Public-Procurement-Policy-Brief-35-200117.pdf.
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4.4. Request clarifications documents when the text of the tender is too vague
or unclear and when certain circumstances, of which
In the case of open and restricted procedures, the the contracting authority is aware, suggest that this
evaluation committee can request clarifications ambiguity can be easily explained or eliminated. In
from tenderers concerning their tenders. It should such cases, the contracting authority should not ex-
be noted that other procedures also allow for clari- clude the tenderer without first requesting clarifica-
fications and even expect negotiations with the tion or that additional documents be submitted.
tenderers.
In accordance with the principle of equal treatment,
The requests for clarifications can only seek minor no substantial modifications to a tender can be
clarifications of information already submitted by sought or accepted through a request for clarifica-
the tenderer, regarding for example: tion. Besides, a clarification request does not imply
that there will be negotiations.
āā inconsistent or contradictory information within
the tender; In addition, a request for clarification must always
be sent in writing, preferably by the chair of the
āā unclear description of a product or service of- evaluation committee (and not by individual evalua-
fered; tors). The clarification correspondence must be sum-
marised in detail in the evaluation report, clearly
āā minor mistakes or omissions; indicating whether the answers received are satis-
factory to the evaluators. If they are not satisfactory
āā non-compliant aspects with the non-fundamen- then the report must give the reasons for this.
tal and/or formal requirements set out in the pro-
curement documents. Any clarification submitted by a tenderer concern-
ing its tender that is not provided in response to a
It is recommended that contracting authorities al- request from the evaluation committee must not be
ways ask a tenderer to clarify or complete submitted taken into account in the evaluation.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
4.5. F
inalise the evaluation member, in order to establish the ranking of the
and decide evaluated tenders and to agree on the recommen-
dation of the award to be included in the evaluation
The evaluation of tenders usually ends with an eval- report.
uation meeting where each tender can be jointly
analysed and discussed and where the evaluation If there are significant differences in the views and
committee members can make a common decision. scores within the committee, specific measures to
deal with this issue should be agreed in advance.
The committee’s decision is then communicated to These measures may involve requesting clarification
the contracting authority as a recommendation to from tenderers or engaging expert advice. In that
award the contract to a certain tenderer through a event, more than one moderation meeting would
detailed evaluation report. have to be held46. When members disagree the chair
should ultimately make a decision and make sure the
4.5.1. Evaluation meeting disagreement is reflected in the evaluation report.
It is considered good practice to hold an evalua- The winning tender should be chosen during the
tion meeting, gathering together all members of meeting, with this decision being communicated to
the evaluation committee. The meeting should be the contracting authority in the evaluation report.
scheduled in advance by the chair so that the com-
mittee members can have enough time to complete 4.5.2. Evaluation report
their individual evaluation, if that approach has
been adopted. The recommendation for the award of the contract
is contained in the evaluation report, which is nor-
Each member should have completed an evaluation mally prepared by the Evaluation Committee’s chair
matrix for each tender (see the example in Table 17. or secretary, with the support of the evaluators (see
Matrix for the evaluation of tenders based on the best section 4.2. Apply the award criteria).
price-quality ratio) in order to share the outcome and
discuss the different tenders with the other members. The evaluation report should be clear and sufficient-
Another option is to fill in one single evaluation ma- ly detailed to show how the decision to award the
trix per tender during the evaluation meeting. contract was taken.
During the meeting, the committee discusses the It should describe how the different criteria have
scores allocated and comments provided by each been applied as well as the outcome from the evalu-
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
ation activities. The recommendation for the award In addition, the work conducted during the evalua-
of the contract has to be clearly justified and sup- tion meeting should be recorded and an attendance
ported with the scoring mechanism, the clarifica- list should be included in the evaluation report.
tions when applicable and the decision-making pro-
cess within the evaluation committee. An indicative structure of the evaluation report con-
tent is provided below.
Tender ID A, B, …
1. Introduction
a. Name and address of the contracting authority
b. Composition of the evaluation committee
c. Timetable of the procurement procedure
2. Background and context
a. Description of the contract (subject matter and value)
b. Choice of the procedure and justification in the cases of competitive procedures with
negotiation, competitive dialogue and negotiated procedure without prior publication
c. Appointment of the members of the evaluation committee
d. Published criteria
e. List of tenderers
3. Evaluation activities
a. Assessment of exclusion grounds
b. Assessment of selection criteria
c. Evaluation of tenders
d. Clarifications (if applicable)
4. Recommendation for the award of the contract
a. Final scoring and ranking
b. Proposed candidate(s) or tenderer(s) (including subcontractors and their corresponding shares,
if any) and justification
c. Unsuccessful candidate(s) or tenderer(s) and justification
d. Rejection of abnormally low tenders and justification
e. Where applicable, reasons why the contracting authority has decided not to award a contract
f. Where applicable, reasons why other means of communication than electronic means have
been used for submitting tenders
g. Where applicable, conflicts of interests detected and measures taken
5. Annexes
a. Evaluation matrix(ces)
b. List(s) of attendance at evaluation meeting(s)
c. Signed declarations of absence of conflict of interest and confidentiality
d. Other relevant documents (e.g. clarifications, working papers)
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In the framework of national reporting on public Directive 2014/14/EU. A well-documented and de-
procurement, the European Commission can ask tailed evaluation report should help keep track and
any European contracting authority for an individual record all the necessary information. However, con-
report on the procedures used for the award of a tracting authorities may also choose to comply with
particular contract. In this context, contracting au- the requirements thanks to different sources of in-
thorities should make sure that they comply with formation (i.e. evaluation report, procurement deci-
the minimum requirements set out in Article 84 of sion, etc.) according to their internal processes.
4.6. Award the contract for the decision, and in particular the name of the
successful tenderer and the characteristics and rel-
Based on the evaluation committee’s recommenda- ative advantages of the selected tender. Usually a
tion, contracting authorities should launch the ne- summary table of the scoring and final ranking of
cessary internal procedure to get an official award the different tenders is included.
decision.
Upon request from any tenderer, contracting author-
They will then have to notify the tenderers and make ities must within 15 days from receipt of a written
the award public. request, further inform any unsuccessful tenderer of
the reasons for the rejection of its tender.
4.6.1. Notification of tenderers and
standstill period A period of at least 10 days, referred to as ‘stand-
still period’, must pass before the final contract can
Once the award approval has been given, contract- be concluded. The exact duration of the standstill
ing authorities must, as soon as possible, write to period must also be mentioned in the notification to
the successful tenderer stating that its tender has tenderers, so that they are aware of the amount of
been accepted for the contract award. time available to contest the award decision, if they
wish to do so.
The unsuccessful tenderers also need to be informed
about the award decision and its justification. The The contract can be awarded after the expiry of the
notification must include a summary of the reasons standstill period if no complaint has been filed.
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In addition, the contracting authority may also de- be that all tenders exceed the budget available, the
cide not to award the contract, which may happen circumstances of the contract have substantially
when no tenders or requests to participate were re- changed or some irregularities occurred during the
ceived or all of them were rejected. Other reasons evaluation of tenders46.
leading to the cancellation of the procedure could
4.6.2. Contract and award notice It should be recalled that the contract award notice
aims to present the decision that resulted from the
When the contracting authority has decided to whom procurement procedure. This means that contracting
the contract will be awarded, and once the standstill authorities may publish a contract award notice re-
period is over (assuming that no complaint has been gardless of whether the contract is finally awarded
filed), the contract can be signed between the suc- or not. In the case of non-award, it is not mandatory
cessful tenderer and the contracting authority. to publish the contract award notice, but is consid-
ered good practice since it provides the reasons for
In principle, the tenderer should be aware of the the decision.
content of the contract since it is recommended to
include a draft contract in the procurement docu- The content of the contract award notice is present-
ments (see section 2.1.2. Draft contract). ed above in section 2.5.2. Notices to be advertised.
46
OECD/SIGMA, Public Procurement Training Manual, Update 2015. Module E Conducting the procurement process, 2.6 Evaluation
report. Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/public-procurement-training-manual.htm.
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5. Contract implementation
After the award of the contract, the successful tenderer becomes the contractor in charge of
implementing the contract by delivering the work, supplies or services to the contracting authority.
The goal of this stage of the procurement proce- the implementation of the contract. A regular and
dure is to ensure that the contract is satisfactorily smooth communication will enable knowledge-shar-
implemented and that both the contractor and the ing, common understanding and a greater ability to
contracting authority meet their obligations. anticipate possible problems or risks.
Public contracts usually involve various interested It is in the contracting authority’s own interest to
parties, are carried out over long periods of time and make the relationship work, as the costs of early
require substantial resources. In that context, com- termination, the consequences of poor performance
plex situations, unforeseen circumstances can arise or unplanned changes of economic operator are
and delays can occur. That is why it is crucial that highly damaging47.
contracting authorities invest time and resources to
properly manage and monitor their contracts. To establish and keep a good relationship, con-
tracting authorities should make sure that regular
The contract implementation covers numerous meetings are organised in particular at the begin-
parts that contracting authorities have to carefully ning of the implementation of the contract.
consider:
A kick-off meeting should always take place at the
āā Communication and relationship management start of the contract. It should be a face-to-face
with the contractor; meeting with the main persons involved in the con-
tract both from the contractor and the contracting
āā Contract management (i.e. delivery, timeframe, authority.
risks, record keeping);
The goal of this meeting is twofold:
āā Contract modifications and the option to termi-
nate the contract before its end; āā Get to know each other and define clearly key
roles and responsibilities; and
āā Complaints and remedies mechanisms;
āā Agree on a common understanding of the context
āā Closing of the contract. and objectives of the contract as well as on the
means proposed to achieve them and ultimately
fulfil the needs of the contracting authority.
5.1. Manage the relationship with
the contractor During the course of the implementation, regular
communication, including feedback channels and
It is beneficial for all parties to create and main- review meetings need to take place to develop mu-
tain an open and constructive relationship between tual trust and understanding and ensure a joined up
the contractor and the contracting authority during approach to fulfilling the contract objectives.
47
OECD/SIGMA, Public procurement Brief 22, Contract Management, September 2011:
http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Contract_Managment_Public_Procurement_2011.pdf
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5.2. Manage the contract These tools do not have to create a disproportion-
ate extra-burden for procurement practitioners and
5.2.1. Contract management tools and can be implemented in a simple way. Furthermore,
techniques the small extra efforts that they will require at the
beginning will certainly help to save time and avoid
A number of project management tools and tech- difficulties in the course of the implementation.
niques can be used to help manage and monitor the
implementation of public contracts. The following table presents common and easy-to-
use contract management tools.
Inaugural kick- Physical meeting between the main interested parties from the All contracts
off meeting contracting authority and the contractor which allows to:
Progress Timely reporting at a high and/or summary level on progress All contracts
reports and achievements in relation to the work plan.
Interim Review by the contracting authority of the tasks accomplished All contracts
reviews and/or interim deliverables. Interim reviews allow to:
Issue logs Mechanism for notifying and managing issues arising during Complex
the contract implementation. It records issues as they arise contracts
along with the actions taken to address them.
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Risk Identification, analysing and monitoring of all kinds of risks All contracts
management throughout the contract implementation.
5.2.2. Risk management No major errors are due to poorly conducted risk
analysis exercises. The most common mistakes
Complex procurement procedures take significant arise when risks analysis exercises are not carried
time and effort and may involve a large number of out at all.
staff within the contracting authority as well as ex-
ternal interested parties. In this context, the com- There is no need for procurement practitioners to
bination of many different factors and influences have specific skills to carry out risk analysis and con-
leads to a number of risks that need to be properly tingency planning. A proper knowledge of the con-
identified, assessed, mitigated and monitored during text of the procurement procedure and a standard
the course of the implementation. methodology should be sufficient.
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Contracting authorities carrying out complex pro- To do so, contracting authorities can use the ‘risk
curement procedures should ensure that a risk reg- register’ tool (or risk matrix) which helps list the
ister and associated contingency plan are prepared risks, assess their probability, severity and define
during the early stages of the procurement lifecycle appropriate mitigation measures and responsible
and that they are regularly updated at key stages persons.
throughout the contract implementation. Good risk
management helps achieve the expected goals, re- The example below gives an overview of what con-
duces the likelihood of aborted processes, the need tracting authorities can prepare and provides a
for contract modifications during implementation few examples of potential risks for a procurement
and the risk of financial corrections in the context of procedure.
EU-funded projects.
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In order to fill in and use the risk register tool, con- external. External risks can arise from the con-
tracting authorities should follow the steps below: tractor but also from other factors beyond the
control of the parties (e.g. brutal socio-economic
āā Identify potential risks by spotting problems and changes, natural disasters);
obstacles to the correct implementation of the
contract. For instance from changes in staff (ei- āā Assess the consequences and impacts on the con-
ther within the contracting authority or the con- tracting authority if the identified risks were to
tractor) to low quality output or unexpected con- materialise and qualify them (high/medium/low);
flict of interests.
āā Assess the probability of the risks occurring and
āā Many risks involve the contractor being unable qualify them (high/medium/low);
to deliver, or not delivering the expected quality.
These could include: āā Define mitigation measures to reduce the risk
taking into account the cost/benefit;
āā Lack of capacity;
āā Identify who is best placed to reduce, control and
āā Key staff being redeployed elsewhere; manage the risk.
āā The contractor’s business focus moving to During the life of the contract, the contract manager
other areas after contract award, reducing the must monitor the risks regularly, and highlight
added value for the contracting authority in any emerging problems speedily.
the arrangement;
A solution that can also help identify and moni-
āā The contractor’s financial standing deteriorat- tor risks is to set up of ‘gateways’ throughout the
ing after contract award, eventually endan- procurement process. Gateways are a mechanism
gering their ability to maintain agreed levels to review procurement procedures at several
of service; or key points in their development, before impor-
tant decisions are taken. The use of public procure-
āā Problems within the contractor’s own supply ment gateways came as a result of various lessons-
chain. learned exercises (prompted by the question: ‘how
did this happen?’) on public contracts that had gone
āā Identify the source of the risk which can either wrong for various reasons, resulting in major cost or
internal (linked to the contracting authority) or time overruns or failure to deliver expected results.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
Gateways aim to ensure that the procurement is A simplified ‘gateway’ format is proposed below to
soundly-based, well-planned, that all relevant inter- support contracting authorities in carrying out regu-
ested parties are involved, so that the objectives are lar ‘go/no-go’ breakpoints in conducting the procure-
achieved. They should only be applied to complex, ment procedure.
strategically important or high-risk contracts.
Gateway 0 — Completion of This review should take place at the very early stages to check
the planning the set-up of realistic, coherent and achievable milestones for the
procurement procedure and contract implementation.
Gateway 1 — Contract scope This review should take place on the basis of the draft procurement
documents before any advertising or publication of information.
Gateway 2 — Shortlisting This review takes place following the evaluation of the selection
criteria (ESPD).
Gateway 3 — Tender This review takes place when the preferred tenderer has been
evaluation selected, but before the contract award; or before proceeding to
final tendering in the case of a two-stage procedure.
Gateway 4 — Contract This review takes place before the signature of the contract.
Gateway 5 — Interim and These reviews take place regularly during the contract
final deliveries implementation at each stage of delivery.
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audit trail to demonstrate the eligibility of expendi- The list below indicates what documents controllers
ture and to store it according to the time-limits or auditors may check in the context of procurement
stated in the fund-specific rules. procedures co-funded by the ESI Funds48.
Table 22. Key documents to be checked during ESI Funds controls or audits
Evidence of the selection of tenders including scoring against the set criteria;
Evidence of the evaluation of tenders including scoring against the set criteria;
Evaluation report;
Formal contract;
Proof/acceptance of deliveries;
Invoices;
The checklist on the control of public procurement tation to prepare in case of audits (see section 6.4.
can also provide useful information on the documen- Checklist for the control of public procurement).
48
European Commission, DG REGIO Training on Management Verifications in Structural Funds 2014-2020 — Public Procurement,
September 2014: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/expert_training/management_verifications.pdf
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5.3. Deal with contract However, in some very specific cases, the modifica-
modifications tion of contracts during their term are allowed as a
derogation from the general rule because of spe-
With good planning, a comprehensive, robust speci- cific circumstances or because they represent only
fication, and a well-designed contract prepared by a small part of the overall contract value (see Table
a diligent contracting authority, the need for any 23. Modifications of contracts without a new pro-
contract modifications or contracts for additional curement procedure).
works, supplies or services during the implementa-
tion stage should be minimised. As a result, this derogation should only be used in
exceptional circumstances and needs to be justified.
As a general rule, if a contracting authority wants to The burden of proof for the circumstances allowing
purchase additional works, supplies or services dur- for reliance on this derogation rests with the con-
ing the implementation of a contract, these supple- tracting authority.
mentary tasks should be tendered under the EU and
national procurement legislation.
It is up to each contracting authority to carefully For unforeseen (or more practically, unforeseeable)
study the clauses of their contract and the relevant situations, there are other rules.
circumstances that bring about the need for a modi-
fication. Yet, in practice, it is rather challenging for Contracting authorities should primarily check the
contracting authorities to determine if they can value of the modification compared to the initial
make use of the provisions for contract modifica- contract value. This is because a modification is
tions during its term. possible below 10 % for services and supplies, 15 %
for works, and below EU thresholds (see Table 2. EU
The best option is to envisage all of the possible thresholds for public contracts from 1 January 2016
changes and clearly include them in the procurement to 31 December 2017). Nevertheless, special care
documents. This is not always possible for every needs to be taken that such ‘low-value’ modifica-
modification but care should be taken in the prepara- tions do not alter the overall nature of the contract.
tion phase to try and identify all of the cases.
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The options and the relevant questions contracting authorities need to ask themselves before deciding a
contract modification are outlined in Table 23.
112
Table 23. Modifications of contracts without a new procurement procedure
GENERAL RULE A new contract for additional tasks should be tendered in line with the EU Directive and national rules during its term.
However, as an exception to that general rule, in specific exceptional circumstances the contract may be modified without a new public procurement proce-
dure.
Below are outlined the criteria which need to be met in order to determine whether the specific circumstances exist. If there is a need to modify the contract, the circum-
stances of any specific contract are to be checked against the criteria outlined below. However, the assessment of these criteria must be performed carefully and thor-
oughly by the contracting authority. They must be well documented and justified. The burden of proof for the circumstances rests with the contracting authority.
MODIFICATION None of the specific condi- a) the modifica- AND (meaning, a and b b) the modification Are you certain that even such a
IS NOT tions set out by the Direc- tion is below the have to be fulfilled at is below 10 % of low-value modification does not
SUBSTANTIAL tive need to be checked, EU thresholds the same time) the initial contract alter the overall nature of the
(based on the and the contract may be value for service and contract or framework agree-
value) modified without a new supply contracts and ment?
If all are If ‘no’, check
procurement procedure if: below 15 % of the
‘yes’, proceed other pos-
initial contract value
with modifi- sibilities, ten-
for works contracts.
cation. der out new
See note 1 below. contract.
113
MODIFICATION Modifications are allowed Regardless of a) modification intro- b) the modifica- c) the modifi- d) where a
IS NOT when they are not substan- the situation duces conditions which, tion changes the cation extends new contractor
SUBSTANTIAL tial. A modification of a con- described above had they been part economic balance of the scope of replaces the
(irrespective of tract or a framework agree- (non-substantial of the initial procure- the contract or the the contract one to which
the monetary ment during its term is modification ment procedure, would framework agree- or framework the contracting
If all are If any of
value) considered to be substan- based on the have allowed for the ment in favour of agreement authority had
‘no’, check these is ‘yes’,
tial when it renders the value), modifica- admission of other the contractor in a considerably. initially award-
for other DO NOT
contract or the framework tions are always candidates than those manner which was In other ed the contract
possible cir- proceed with
agreement materially considered sub- initially selected or for not provided for in words, such in other cases
cumstances the modifica-
different in character from stantial if one or the acceptance of a the initial contract or a changed than the ones
which render tion.
the one initially concluded. more of the fol- tender other than that framework agree- scope could presented
the modifica- Check other
Whether the modifica- lowing conditions originally accepted or ment. have at- below (re-
tion substan- possibilities,
tion is substantial is for are met: would have attracted In other words, tracted other placement of
tial, before tender out
the contracting authority additional participants if the economic economic contractor).
proceeding new con-
to decide, document and in the procurement operator is more operators. with modifi- tract.
justify on a case-by-case procedure. highly remuner- cation.
basis. In other words, if ated, which could
HOWEVER: other economic have attracted
operators could have other economic
participated under operators.
those new conditions.
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
FORESEEN Were the modi- Are Are these clauses Are these clauses un- Do the clauses state Do the clauses Can you
CHANGES fications envis- these precise? equivocal? the scope and nature state the con- justify that
(irrespective of aged by special clauses of possible modifica- ditions under the clauses
their monetary review clauses clear? tions or options? which they do not provide
value) (which may may be used? for modifica-
If all are If ‘no’, check
include price tions or options
‘yes’, proceed other pos-
revision clauses, which would
with modifi- sibilities, ten-
or options) alter the over-
cation. der out new
in the initial all nature of
contract.
procurement the contract or
documents? the framework
agreement?
NECESSARY Are there ad- Are you a) cannot be AND (meaning, a and b b) would cause Are you sure Are you sure
ADDITIONS ditional works, sure that made because have to be fulfilled at significant inconven- that increase in that such
services or sup- change of economic or the same time) ience or substantial price does not consecutive
plies (additional of con- technical rea- duplication of costs exceed 50 % modifications
meaning, not tractor: sons such as for the contracting of the value are not aimed
If all are If ‘no’, check
included in the requirements of authority of the original at circumvent-
‘yes’, proceed other pos-
initial procure- interchangeability contract? ing the applica-
with modifi- sibilities, ten-
ment) by the or interoperabi- See note 2 tion of public
cation. der out new
original contrac- lity with existing below. procurement
114
contract.
tor, which have equipment, ser- rules?
become neces- vices or instal-
sary? lations procured
under the initial
procurement.
UNFORESEEN Has the need Are you sure that Are you sure that Are you sure that such consecutive modifications are not
CIRCUMSTANCES for modification the modification increase in price is not aimed at circumventing the application of public procure-
been brought does not alter the higher than 50 % of the ment rules?
about by overall nature of value of the original
circumstances the contract? contract or framework
If all are If ‘no’, check
which a diligent agreement?
‘yes’, proceed other pos-
contracting See note 2 below. with modifi- sibilities, ten-
authority could
cation. der out new
not have fore-
contract.
seen?
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
REPLACEMENT Is there now a a) an b) OR a universal ***Extra conditions for ‘b’: c) OR the These condi-
OF CONTRACTOR new contractor une- or partial succes- - Does the other economic operator fulfil the contracting tions are NOT
which replaces quivocal sion into the posi- criteria for qualitative selection initially esta- authority itself cumulative.
the one to review tion of the initial blished? assumes the One of them
which the con- clause or contractor of main contrac- is enough, so
- Are you sure that this does not entail other If there is If ‘no’, check
tracting autho- option in another economic tor’s obliga- either a, or b
substantial modifications to the contract? a ‘yes’ on other pos-
rity had initially con- operator, follow- tions towards or c.
- Are you sure that this is not aimed at circum- either a, or b sibilities, ten-
awarded the formity ing corporate its subcontrac- All of the
venting the application of public procurement with all sub- der out new
contract as a with the restructuring tors where this sub-conditions
rules? questions, contract.
consequence of provi- (takeover, merger, possibility is under ‘b’ are or c, proceed
either: sions on acquisition or provided for cumulative, all with modifi-
foreseen insolvency etc.)? under national of them have cation.
changes ***! legislation in to be fulfilled.
line with Direc-
tive rules on
subcontracting
Note 1: Take care that where several successive modifications are made, the value must be assessed on the basis of the net cumulative value of the successive modifications. That means that all of
the modifications count toward the maximum. Example (supplies): Modification 1 is 3 %. This is ok. Modification 2 is 5 %. Total= 8 %. Still ok. Modification 3 is 3 %. Total would be=11 %. Not ok.
Modification 3 cannot take place.
115
Note 2: Take care that where several successive modifications are made, that limitation must apply to the value of each modification. That means that every modification can go up to 50 %. Exam-
ple1: Modification 1 is 20 %, modification 2 is 67 %. First is ok, second is not. Example 2: Modification 1 is 40 %, modification 2 is 45 %. Both are fine. For the purpose of this calculation of the
price in these cases, the updated price is the reference value when the contract includes an indexation clause. It should be stressed that the introduction of modifications without a new award
procedure constitutes an exception; the possibility of introducing consecutive modifications should be used with extreme caution and should not be aimed at circumventing the public procure-
ment directives and the principles of equal treatment, non-discrimination and transparency that underlie them.
5.4. Deal with complaints and On the European procurement legal framework,
remedies contracting authorities are allowed to terminate a
contract during its implementation on one of the fol-
Economic operators can launch legal actions to re- lowing grounds:
quest the enforcement of their rights under Euro-
pean or national public procurement rules in cases āā The contract has been substantially modified
where contracting authorities, either intentionally or whereas a new procurement procedure should
unintentionally, fail to comply with the legal frame- have been launched;
work for public procurement49.
āā The contractor should have been excluded from
Remedies are regulated by several EU Directives50 the procurement procedure because it is not
and allow for the suspension of any decision taken compliant with the exclusion grounds set out in
by a contracting authority, setting aside unlawful the procurement documents and/or in the nation-
decisions, including the contract itself and awarding al legislation;
damages to contractors.
āā The contract should not have been awarded to
In addition, failure to comply with the Remedies Di- the contractor in view of a serious infringement
rectives could prejudice future EU grants to the con- of the obligations under the Treaties and Direc-
tracting authority, or could lead to the reclaiming of tive 2014/24/EU that has been declared by the
grants already awarded. Court of Justice of the European Union in a pro-
cedure under Article 258 of the Treaty on the
Furthermore, failure to respect the rules on public Functioning of the European Union.
procurement can lead to financial consequences for
the contracting authority, but also for its staff who In addition, as in any contractual relationship, con-
may be personally liable in some jurisdictions. tracts may also be terminated because of evidenced
failure of the contractor to fulfil its obligations.
If necessary, contracting authorities can seek legal
advice on handling a complaint via their respective In all cases, the provisions ruling the termination of
national public procurement authorities. the contract must be determined in advance in the
public contract through dedicated provisions.
49
ECD/SIGMA, Public procurement Brief 12, Remedies, September 2016, September 2016:
O
http://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Public-Procurement-Policy-Brief-12-200117.pdf.
50
irective 89/665/EEC on the coordination of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the application of
D
review procedures to the award of public supply and public works contracts, 21 December 1989, as amended.
Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/1989/665/oj.
irective 92/13/EEC coordinating the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the application of Community
D
rules on the procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and telecommunications sectors,
25 February 1992, as amended. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/1992/13/oj.
Directive 2007/66/EC amending Council Directives 89/665/EEC and 92/13/EEC with regard to improving the effectiveness of
review procedures concerning the award of public contracts, 11 December 2007, as amended.
Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2007/66/oj.
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On completion of the contract, some economic op- For bigger contracts, the contract manager may or-
erators may ask the contracting authority to issue ganise a closure meeting with the main interested
a certificate of satisfactory execution and to fill in a parties involved to assess how the contract has per-
satisfaction survey or a questionnaire to gather feed- formed against its original expectations. This meet-
back and recommendations on their performance. ing should be an opportunity to:
Similarly, it is important that the contracting au- āā Communicate the results of the implementation
thority draws some conclusions and identifies key to all interested parties involved;
take-aways from the work achieved which can
be recorded in the contract file. For example, the āā Acknowledge the performance of those who con-
contract manager may briefly answer the following tributed to the success of the project. Expressing
questions: gratitude and recognition to useful contributors
will also help mobilise them in the future;
āā Did we get what we requested?
āā Learn from errors, external issues or risks real-
āā Did we get what we actually needed? ised and analyse how these problems could have
been overcome or minimised;
āā Can we see a difference between the two? If yes,
can we explain the difference between the two? āā Draw key take-aways and recommendations for
future contracts.
āā Are there any lessons-learned (positive or nega-
tive) for future contracts/projects?
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6. Toolkit
Publication Chapter 2
Non-compliance with time limits and/or extended time 2.4. Set the time limits
limits for receipt of tenders or requests to participate
Failure to publish the selection and/or award criteria in the 2.3. Define the criteria
contract notice or in the specifications
51
OECD/SIGMA, Public procurement Brief 29, Detecting and Correcting Common Errors in Public Procurement, July 2013.
Available at: http://www.sigmaweb.org/bytopic/publicprocurement/Common_Errors_Public_Procurement_2013.pdf.
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Insufficient definition of the subject matter of the contract 2.2. Define specifications and standards
Lack of transparency and/or equal treatment during 3.3. Assess and select tenders
evaluation
4. Evaluation of tenders and award
Changing of selection/award criteria after opening of 3.3. Assess and select tenders
tenders, resulting in incorrect acceptance of tenderers
4.2. Apply the award criteria
Changing a tender during evaluation
Insufficient rejection of abnormally low tenders 4.3. Deal with abnormally low tenders
Change in the scope and/or value of the contract 5.3. Deal with contract modifications
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6.2. Resources and references European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and repeal-
ing Council Regulation (EC) No 1083/2006. Available
6.2.1. Legal framework at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/1303/oj
European Commission, DG GROW, Public procure- Directive 89/665/EEC on the coordination of the
ment — Legal rules and implementation. Avail- laws, regulations and administrative provisions re-
able at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/ lating to the application of review procedures to the
public-procurement/rules-implementation/ award of public supply and public works contracts,
21 December 1989, as amended. Available at: http://
Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Function- eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/1989/665/oj
ing of the European Union 2012/C 326/01. Avail-
able at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Directive 92/13/EEC coordinating the laws, regula-
TXT/?uri=celex:12012E/TXT tions and administrative provisions relating to the
application of Community rules on the procurement
Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and procedures of entities operating in the water, en-
of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procure- ergy, transport and telecommunications sectors, 25
ment and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC. Available February 1992. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.
at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/24/oj eu/eli/dir/1992/13/oj
Directive 2014/25/EU of the European Parliament Directive 2007/66/EC amending Council Directives
and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on pro- 89/665/EEC and 92/13/EEC with regard to improving
curement by entities operating in the water, energy, the effectiveness of review procedures concerning the
transport and postal services sectors and repealing award of public contracts, 11 December 2007. Avail-
Directive 2004/17/EC. Available at: http://data.eu- able at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2007/66/oj
ropa.eu/eli/dir/2014/25/2016-01-01
World Trade Organisation, Agreement on Government
Directive 2014/23/EU of the European Parlia- Procurement — Revised version, 2012. Available
ment and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on at: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/
the award of concession contracts. Available at: gpa_1994_e.htm
http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/23/2016-01-01
6.2.2. General guidance and tools
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/7
of 5 January 2016 establishing the standard form European Commission, DG GROW, Public procure-
for the European Single Procurement Document. ment website. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/
Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ growth/single-market/public-procurement_en
EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:JOL_2016_003_R_0004
European Commission, DG GROW, Updated val-
Regulation (EU) No 1303/2013 of the European Par- ues of the EU procurement thresholds. Avail-
liament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 able at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-mar-
laying down common provisions on the European Re- ket/public-procurement/rules-implementation/
gional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, thresholds_en
the Cohesion Fund, the European Agricultural Fund
for Rural Development and the European Maritime European Commission, DG GROW, European Single
and Fisheries Fund and laying down general provi- Procurement Document — Service to fill out and
sions on the European Regional Development Fund, reuse the ESPD. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/
the European Social Fund, the Cohesion Fund and the tools/espd
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
European Commission, DG GROW, e-Certis, on- tory note on framework agreements. Available
line database on administrative documentary evi- at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/
dence. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/ public-procurement/rules-implementation_en
tools-databases/ecertis/
European Commission, DG REGIO, Stock-taking
European Commission, SIMAP, eNotices. Available of administrative capacity, systems and practices
at: http://simap.europa.eu/enotices/ across the EU to ensure the compliance and quality
of public procurement involving European Structural
European Commission, SIMAP, Common Procure- and Investment (ESI) Funds, January 2016. Available
ment Vocabulary (CPV). Available at: http://simap. at: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/policy/how/
ted.europa.eu/web/simap/cpv improving-investment/public-procurement/study/
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
European Commission, DG REGIO, Commission De- 6.2.6. Strategic use of public procurement
cision C(2013) 9527, Guidelines for determining
financial corrections to be made to expenditure fi- European Commission, DG GROW, Study on Strate-
nanced by the Union under shared management, for gic use of public procurement in promoting green,
non-compliance with the rules on public procure- social and innovation policies — Final Report,
ment, 2013. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/trans- 2016. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/
parency/regdoc/rep/3/2013/EN/3-2013-9527-EN- documents/17261
F1-1-ANNEX-1.Pdf
Green public procurement (GPP)
6.2.4. Integrity and conflict of interest European Commission, DG ENV, EU Green Pub-
lic Procurement criteria (all EU languages). Avail-
OECD, Preventing Corruption in Public Procurement, able at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/
2016. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/gov/ethics/ eu_gpp_criteria_en.htm
Corruption-in-Public-Procurement-Brochure.pdf
European Commission, DG ENV, GPP good practices.
European Commission, OLAF, Identifying conflicts Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/
of interests in public procurement procedures for case_group_en.htm
structural actions, November 2013. Available at:
https://ec.europa.eu/sfc/sites/sfc2014/files/sfc- European Commission, DG ENV, List of existing EU
files/2013_11_12-Final-guide-on-conflict-of-inter- and international eco-labels. Available at: http://
ests-EN.pdf ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/pdf/ecolabels.pdf
OECD, Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement, European Commission, DG ENV, Buying green! A
2009. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/gov/eth- handbook on green public procurement, 2016.
ics/48994520.pdf Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/
buying_handbook_en.htm
6.2.5. Management and control of ESI
funds European Commission, DG ENV, The uptake of green
public procurement in the EU27, 2012. Available at:
DG REGIO, Guidance on European Structural and http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/pdf/CEPS-CoE-
Investment Funds 2014-2020. Available at: http:// GPP%20MAIN%20REPORT.pdf
ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/information/
legislation/guidance/ European Commission, Communication (COM(2008)
400) Public procurement for a better environment.
DG REGIO, Action Plan on Public procurement. Avail- Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/
able at: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/policy/ EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52008DC0400
how/improving-investment/public-procurement
Socially responsible public procurement
DG REGIO, Training on Cohesion Policy 2014- (SRPP)
2020 for EU Member State Experts. Available at: The LANDMARK Project, Good practice in Socially
http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/information/ Responsible Public Procurement — Approaches to
legislation/guidance/training/ verification from across Europe, 2012. Available at:
http://www.landmark-project.eu/fileadmin/files/en/
European Structural and Investment Funds Regu- latest-achievements/LANDMARK-good_practices_
lations 2014-2020. Available at: http://ec.europa. FINAL.pdf
eu/regional_policy/en/information/legislation/
regulations/
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
European Commission, DG EMPL, Buying social: European Commission, DG GROW, Public procure-
a guide to taking account of social considerations ment as a driver of innovation in SMEs and pub-
in public procurement, 2011. Available at: http:// lic services, 2015. Available at: https://publica-
ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=89& tions.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/
newsId=978 f5fd4d90-a7ac-11e5-b528-01aa75ed71a1
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6.3. Checklist for specifications is important that those undertaking it have the nec-
drafting essary knowledge, authority and experience.
The ‘specifications’ are the key procurement docu- Unclear, inconsistent and misleading specifications
ment setting out the needs to be satisfied by the will negatively impact the whole procedure and will
contract. They form the basis for choosing the suc- certainly prevent the contract from achieving its pri-
cessful tenderer and will be incorporated into the mary goal.
contract setting out what the contractor has to
deliver. To avoid errors and to build the best specifications
possible, it is very useful if contracting authorities
The purpose of the specifications is to provide eco- carefully review and self-assess their own work, for
nomic operators with a clear, accurate and full de- example by using the checklist below.
scription of the contracting authority’s needs, and
thus to enable them to propose a solution to meet If the specifications are clear, comprehensive and
those needs. compliant, all answers should be ‘Yes’ or ‘N/A’ if ir-
relevant. If any of the answers is ‘No’, a comment
Their final review and validation is therefore a key and/or a justification must be provided and the spec-
decision point in the procurement procedure, and it ifications should be improved.
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
6.4. Checklist for the control of if they are on the right track and that they are not
public procurement overlooking an important aspect of the process.
Procurement procedures are often checked ex post, To avoid errors, it is very useful if contracting au-
particularly in the context of checks and audits thorities review this checklist as part of a self-as-
of ESI funds. However, numerous errors could be sessment while planning a procurement procedure,
avoided if contracting authorities (CA) were to carry as well as at each stage of that procedure.
out self-assessment of their ongoing work during
the preparation and implementation of procurement If the procurement procedure has been conducted
procedures. correctly, all answers should be ‘Yes’ or ‘N/A’ if ir-
relevant. If any of the answers are ‘No’, a comment
The checklist should not be used only by controllers and/or a justification must be provided and the pro-
and auditors, but also by practitioners while per- cess should be improved.
forming their tasks. This will enable them to verify
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
14. D
id the CA identify the full contract value and include options and
provisions for renewals?
15. W
as the estimated contract value based on realistic and up-to-date
prices?
16. W
as the estimated contract value in line with the final cost of the
contract awarded?
an it be confirmed that the contract has not been artificially split in
17. C
order to avoid the requirement to publish the contract notice in the
OJEU?
Advertising
18. W
as the contract advertised in the OJEU, and in relevant national
publications if needed?
19. W
ere the minimum time limits (depending on whether a prior
information notice was published) complied with?
20. A
s of 18 October 2018, did the CA check the availability of e-submission
and make sure it worked?
21. W
ere all procurement documents accessible to all tenderers in the same
way (i.e. specific documents were not easier to obtain for domestic
tenderers)?
22. D
id the CA make sure that the use of the European Single Procurement
Document was available above EU thresholds?
23. W
as the use of EU grant funding indicated in the contract notice? (This is
not compulsory, but it is good practice for EU grant-supported projects.)
24. D
id the contract notice or related documents clearly state the criteria
to be used for selecting capable tenderers and evaluating the most
economically advantageous tender?
ere weightings for the award criteria listed in the contract notice or in
25. W
a related procurement document?
128
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
129
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
130
Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
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Anexo IV - Public procurement guidance for practitioners on avoiding the most common errors in projects funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds
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ISBN: 978-92-79-77536-9
doi:10.2776/886010
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
COMISSÃO EUROPEIA
ORGANISMO EUROPEU DE LUTA ANTIFRAUDE (OLAF)
Direção D - Política
Unidade D2 - Prevenção da Fraude
O presente documento de trabalho foi redigido por um grupo de peritos dos Estados-Membros com
o apoio do OLAF e visa facilitar a execução de programas operacionais e incentivar as boas práticas.
Não é juridicamente vinculativo para os Estados-Membros, mas contém orientações gerais
acompanhadas de recomendações e reflete as melhores práticas.
As orientações gerais aqui apresentadas não prejudicam a aplicação das legislações nacionais,
devendo ser lidas e podendo ser adaptadas de molde a ter em conta os quadros jurídicos nacionais.
Estas orientações não prejudicam a interpretação do Tribunal de Justiça e do Tribunal Geral nem as
decisões da Comissão.
1
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Resumo
Outro fator que motivou a elaboração do presente guia foi o facto de as propostas legislativas
relativas à política de coesão para o período 2014-2020 exigirem aos Estados-Membros o
desenvolvimento de medidas antifraude relacionadas com a gestão de ações estruturais da UE.
Apresenta recomendações para os gestores e funcionários das autoridades de gestão e das entidades
adjudicantes em matéria de identificação e gestão de conflitos de interesses em processos de
adjudicação de contratos públicos financiados pelo orçamento comunitário no âmbito de programas
de ações estruturais e de política de coesão. Abrange todos os tipos de contratos públicos,
independentemente dos montantes envolvidos.
Não é vinculativo para os Estados-Membros, mas visa definir uma abordagem comum para a gestão
de conflitos de interesses pelas autoridades de gestão e entidades adjudicantes, sem prejuízo da
aplicação das legislações nacionais.
O presente guia pretende ser um instrumento útil e prático para os funcionários públicos, centrando-
se nas principais questões suscitadas no seminário:
4. Uma lista de sinais de alerta que poderá ajudar a identificar situações em que se verifica um
conflito de interesses
O guia apresenta quatro exemplos de casos reais com o intuito de ajudar a explicar o que se entende
por uma «situação de conflito de interesses» e sensibilizar o pessoal envolvido em tais situações.
2
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Introdução ........................................................................................................................................... 4
1 - Definições ..................................................................................................................................... 6
2.4. Explicação da função da declaração de ausência de conflitos de interesses aos funcionários ..... 14
3.3 Utilização de informações fornecidas por denunciantes e pelos meios de comunicação social.... 19
3
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Introdução
O resultado foi o presente guia prático para a gestão de conflitos de interesses, destinado
a gestores que tenham de lidar com a adjudicação de contratos públicos no âmbito de
ações estruturais e programas de política de coesão financiados pela UE.
os controlos necessários,
4
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
5
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
1 - Definições
(…)
2. Para efeitos do n.º 1, existe conflito de interesses sempre que o exercício imparcial e
objetivo das funções de um interveniente financeiro ou de outra pessoa, a que se refere
o n.º 1, se encontre comprometido por motivos familiares, afetivos, de afinidade política
1
Ver «Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Service» (Gestão do conflito de interesses no Serviço Público),
ORIENTAÇÕES DA OCDE E EXPERIÊNCIAS A NÍVEL DOS PAÍSES, p. 24-25,
http://www.oecd.org/corruption/ethics/48994419.pdf. A OCDE identificou igualmente três tipos de conflitos de
interesses:
Um conflito de interesses real envolve um conflito entre os deveres públicos e os interesses privados de um
funcionário público, em que o funcionário tenha interesses da sua esfera pessoal que possam influenciar
indevidamente o exercício das suas funções e responsabilidades oficiais.
Pode dizer-se que existe um conflito de interesses aparente quando parece que os interesses privados de um
funcionário público podem influenciar indevidamente o exercício das suas funções, mas tal não acontece na
realidade.
Surge um conflito de interesses potencial quando um funcionário público tem interesses privados que podem
gerar um conflito de interesses se o funcionário tiver de assumir responsabilidades oficiais incompatíveis no
futuro.
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Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Exemplos
Uma pessoa detém ações de uma empresa. A empresa em causa participa num processo
de concurso no qual a pessoa em questão é nomeada como membro da comissão de
avaliação.
2
Ver, em especial, TJUE T-277/97, de 15 de junho de 1999, e C-315/99, de 10 de julho de 2001, Ismeri
Europa Srl, T-160/03, de 17 de março de 2005, AFCon Management Consultants, Mc Mullin, O’Grady.
7
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
As situações de conflitos de interesses podem originar uma perda de confiança, por parte
dos operadores económicos, nos processos de adjudicação de contratos públicos no
âmbito de ações estruturais e desincentivar a participação dos operadores honestos.
Tal política deve abordar a prevenção, deteção e gestão de conflitos de interesses, assim
como as sanções aplicáveis. Deve ser definida em cada organismo que faça parte do
sistema de gestão e controlo de um programa operacional e ser recomendada aos
beneficiários que executem processos de adjudicação de contratos, independentemente
da sua forma jurídica.
Tal política deve ter em conta as disposições jurídicas do Estado-Membro em causa, bem
como as orientações e melhores práticas a que o presente documento faz referência.
3
No que se refere à gestão financeira e ao controlo do programa operacional, a autoridade de gestão é
responsável por: (…) adotar medidas antifraude eficazes e proporcionadas, tendo em conta os riscos
identificados. A Comissão fornece orientações em separado sobre a aplicação global deste artigo.
8
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
9
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Qualquer pessoa envolvida em qualquer uma das fases dos processos de adjudicação de
contratos públicos (preparação, elaboração, execução ou encerramento) deve assinar
uma declaração e entregá-la à pessoa responsável pelo processo de adjudicação.
O gestor responsável pelo processo de adjudicação deve ser responsável por solicitar a
cada uma das pessoas que venha a estar envolvida num processo de adjudicação de
contratos que apresente uma declaração de ausência de conflitos de interesses e
proceder à recolha das declarações.
10
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Deve incluir algumas orientações sobre a pessoa responsável pela execução dos
controlos, o método a utilizar e o calendário.
O comportamento dos funcionários deve ser regido por um código de ética. O código
deve incluir uma definição de conflito de interesses e as sanções pertinentes. Devem ser
previstas medidas disciplinares. Tais medidas poderão ir de uma nota escrita a avisos ou
multas, e mesmo até à despromoção ou ao despedimento. Em todo o caso, devem estar
em conformidade com a legislação nacional.
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Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Sem prejuízo da legislação nacional aplicável, devem ser tomadas medidas para
salvaguardar o processo de adjudicação de contratos públicos. Devem ser ponderadas as
seguintes medidas, dependendo da existência ou inexistência de uma declaração de
ausência de conflitos de interesses, da natureza do conflito de interesses e da fase em
que se encontra o processo:
Em casos muito excecionais, poderá não ser possível excluir um funcionário ou perito
devido à falta de recursos ou de peritos especializados em determinados domínios.
Nesses casos, a entidade adjudicante deve assegurar que a sua decisão é totalmente
transparente, estabelecer limites precisos aplicáveis ao contributo do funcionário/perito e
assegurar que a decisão final se baseia em elementos de prova transparentes e
equitativos.
Um membro da comissão não pode ser uma pessoa que seja ou que tenha sido, no ano
anterior à sua nomeação como membro da comissão:
b) a pessoa em relação à qual possam ter surgido dúvidas acerca da sua imparcialidade
relativamente ao proponente ou candidato, especialmente se a pessoa tiver estado
envolvida na preparação de documentação num determinado processo de adjudicação de
contratos da parte do candidato ou proponente ou puder ter sido beneficiada ou lesada
com o resultado da adjudicação.
Recomenda-se vivamente que seja solicitado às pessoas que assinem uma declaração de
ausência de conflitos de interesses a partir do momento em que as mesmas participem
no processo. Trata-se de uma obrigação a cumprir sem demora com o intuito de
salvaguardar o processo e a própria pessoa. As pessoas são mais propensas —
teoricamente — a declarar um conflito de interesses se estiverem cientes das obrigações
decorrentes da assinatura de uma declaração de ausência de conflitos de interesses.
Uma declaração de conflito de interesses seria, por natureza, voluntária, o que poderá
ser bastante incerto. Seria mais difícil demonstrar intencionalidade numa fase ulterior em
caso de conduta fraudulenta.
(b) o nome completo e a data de nascimento do signatário, assim como a sua posição
no seio da organização e a função que desempenha no âmbito do processo de
adjudicação de contratos públicos;
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Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Deve ser anexada à declaração uma nota explicativa que forneça aos signatários
orientações claras e sólidas sobre:
4
As informações apresentadas no presente guia prático não prejudicam a aplicação da legislação nacional,
devendo ser consideradas como orientações e melhores práticas.
14
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
3.1 Quando?
16
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Tais listas devem ser complementadas por mecanismos ex post para verificar se
existem, efetivamente, quaisquer conflitos de interesses.
Para além dos controlos baseados em listas de controlo, outros controlos devem basear-
se na declaração de ausência de conflitos de interesses do funcionário, tendo em
consideração os dados e as informações recebidos:
o registo comercial;
a base de dados da Internet que fornece informações acerca das relações entre
empresas e os respetivos administradores-delegados e representantes estatutários;
uma base de dados interna mantida com o objetivo de recolher informações sobre
destinatários de contribuições financeiras a fundo perdido e adjudicatários (ITMS ou uma
base de dados única criada para fins específicos);
informações publicadas pelos meios de comunicação social.
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Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Qualquer gerente que se depare com uma situação de um potencial conflito de interesses
que envolva um membro do pessoal deve favorecer uma abordagem «flexível», quando
adequado, e debater a questão abertamente com a pessoa em causa. O objetivo do
referido debate consiste em averiguar se existe um risco de conflito de interesses que
possa ser prejudicial para o processo e/ou a situação do funcionário. Se tal se confirmar,
o gerente tem de decidir quais as medidas mais adequadas a aplicar para salvaguardar
os interesses da organização e do funcionário.
19
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
outros dados e levar a cabo uma análise de riscos destinada a identificar domínios
sensíveis.
20
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
4- Sinais de alerta
Alguns destes sinais de alerta poderão parecer banais; os sinais em causa podem aplicar-
se a muitas situações, e não apenas a situações de conflitos de interesses. É importante
não esquecer que os sinais de alerta são indicadores destinados a desencadear a
realização de controlos de primeiro nível a fim de eliminar as dúvidas ou confirmar a
probabilidade de ocorrência de uma fraude ou irregularidade. Os sinais de alerta
apresentados a seguir devem conduzir à realização de controlos destinados a descartar
ou confirmar a possibilidade de ocorrência de um conflito de interesses.
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Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Sinais de alerta
São emitidos dois ou mais contratos relativos a itens idênticos num curto período
e sem qualquer motivo aparente, o que resulta na utilização de um método de
contratação menos competitivo.
22
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Sinais de alerta
SUGESTÕES:
23
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Sinais de alerta
SUGESTÕES:
Verificar que os membros da comissão assinam uma declaração que ateste que os
mesmos não têm um conflito de interesses que influencie o desempenho das suas
24
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
funções, e que não têm nem nunca tiveram qualquer relação com qualquer um
dos proponentes.
Sinais de alerta
25
Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
SUGESTÕES:
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Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Designação do contrato:
Caso tal risco exista, a pessoa em causa abstém-se de realizar esse ato e informa de tal facto o
gestor orçamental delegado, que deve confirmar por escrito a existência ou não de um conflito
de interesses. Além disso, a pessoa em causa deve informar o seu superior hierárquico. Caso se
verifique a existência de um conflito de interesses, a pessoa em causa deve cessar todas as
suas atividades nesse âmbito. O gestor orçamental delegado toma ele próprio todas as medidas
suplementares adequadas.
2. Para efeitos do n.º 1, existe conflito de interesses sempre que o exercício imparcial e objetivo
das funções de um interveniente financeiro ou de outra pessoa, a que se refere o n.º 1, se
encontre comprometido por motivos familiares,5 afetivos, de afinidade política ou nacional, de
interesse económico,6 ou por qualquer outro motivo de comunhão de interesses com o
destinatário.7»
Declaro pela presente que, tanto quanto é do meu conhecimento, não tenho qualquer conflito de
interesses com os operadores que [apresentaram um pedido de participação no presente
processo de adjudicação de contratos] [apresentaram uma proposta no âmbito do presente
concurso para adjudicação de contratos], quer na qualidade de pessoas singulares quer na
5
Grau de parentesco XX, casamento ou união de facto registada.
6
Relação contratual ou consultadoria paga ou não atualmente aplicável.
7
Incluindo trabalho voluntário, membro de um conselho ou de um conselho diretivo.
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Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Confirmo igualmente que vou manter a confidencialidade de todos os assuntos que me sejam
confiados. Comprometo-me a não divulgar quaisquer informações confidenciais que me sejam
comunicadas ou de que tome conhecimento. Comprometo-me a não fazer uma utilização
incorreta das informações que me sejam comunicadas. Comprometo-me, especificamente, a
manter a confidencialidade de todas as informações ou documentos que me sejam
comunicados, de que tome conhecimento ou que venha a preparar no decurso ou em
consequência da avaliação, bem como a utilizar tais informações ou documentos exclusivamente
para efeitos desta avaliação e a não os divulgar a terceiros. Comprometo-me igualmente a não
conservar cópias de quaisquer informações escritas que me sejam fornecidas.
Nome: ..................................
Função
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Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
Anexo 2: Exemplos
Caso n.º 1
O Departamento romeno de Luta contra a Fraude (DLCF) foi informado pelo Ministério do
Desenvolvimento Regional e do Turismo de um potencial conflito de interesses num
projeto financiado pelo FEDER.
Assim que as obras tiveram início, S pediu ao beneficiário que aceitasse substituir o
fornecedor de balastro inicialmente nomeado por outra empresa, F, alegando motivos
económicos, e tendo obtido a aprovação do supervisor do projeto para proceder a tal
alteração.
O DLCF concluiu que havia um conflito de interesses, uma vez que os documentos
de aceitação da empresa F como fornecedora dos materiais de construção
tinham sido assinados pelo Presidente do conselho distrital, que tinha uma
relação de parentesco de primeiro grau com um dos sócios da empresa F.
Caso n.º 2
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Anexo V - Guia prático para gestores (identificação de conflitos de interesse)
O DLCF descobriu que um dos membros da comissão de avaliação era um auditor que
tinha celebrado acordos de cooperação com o proponente vencedor.
Tal violava várias disposições do guia prático e do guia do candidato aplicáveis, bem
como um anexo do acordo de subvenção, uma vez que um membro da comissão de
avaliação responsável pela adjudicação do contrato tinha um conflito de
interesses, ao manter uma relação contratual com um dos proponentes.
Caso n.º 3
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Caso n.º 4
O beneficiário era uma universidade cujo representante legal era o seu reitor, o Sr. C.
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Este tipo de comportamento leva a condições menos favoráveis para o Estado do que as que
resultariam de uma situação de concorrência efetiva, traduzindo-se em preços mais elevados,
qualidade inferior ou menos inovação.
O conluio compromete, assim, a eficiência na afetação dos recursos públicos e mina o objetivo
de “mais e melhor por menos” da contratação pública, lesando os consumidores e os
contribuintes.
A Lei da Concorrência (Lei n.º 19/2012, de 8 de maio) refere serem “proibidos os acordos entre
empresas, as práticas concertadas entre empresas e as decisões de associações de empresas que
tenham por objeto ou como efeito impedir, falsear ou restringir de forma sensível a
concorrência” (art. 9.º, n.º 1).
O conluio constitui uma grave violação da lei da concorrência (nacional e da União Europeia),
sendo punível com coima aplicável: (i) à empresa infratora, até 10% do seu volume de negócios
e (ii) aos titulares do órgão de administração e aos responsáveis pela direção ou fiscalização da
empresa, até 10% da sua remuneração anual.
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Propostas rotativas
Os concorrentes combinam esquemas de rotatividade da proposta vencedora, alternando
entre si o vencedor do procedimento. Estes esquemas são potenciados pelo envolvimento
recorrente ao longo do tempo dos mesmos participantes nos procedimentos de contratação
pública.
Supressão de propostas
Esquema pelo qual uma ou mais empresas, participantes no conluio, acordam em não
submeter proposta ao procedimento ou em retirar uma proposta previamente apresentada,
para que o contrato seja adjudicado à empresa que escolheram para vencer o procedimento.
Propostas fictícias ou de cobertura
Neste esquema de conluio, as empresas combinam submeter propostas com um preço mais
elevado do que o da proposta da empresa previamente escolhida para vencer o
procedimento, para que o contrato lhe seja adjudicado, ou com outras condições que se sabe
serem inaceitáveis para a entidade adjudicante. Estas propostas servem apenas o propósito
de criar uma ilusão de concorrência no procedimento.
Subcontratação
As empresas acordam facilitar o sucesso da proposta da empresa que escolhem para vencer
o procedimento, em contrapartida da subcontratação de fornecimentos no âmbito do
contrato em causa.
Repartição de mercado
As empresas combinam um esquema de apresentação de propostas com o objetivo de
repartir o mercado entre si. Esta repartição pode incidir sobre a carteira de clientes, o tipo
de produtos/serviços ou a zona geográfica.
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Comportamentos suspeitos
Empresa vencedora subcontrata reiteradamente os demais concorrentes.
Empresa vencedora não aceita a adjudicação do contrato, vindo posteriormente a verificar-
se que foi subcontratada.
Apenas alguns dos concorrentes no procedimento solicitam orçamento a um fornecedor
imprescindível para o contrato em causa.
Vários concorrentes subcontratam as mesmas consultoras no apoio à elaboração de
propostas.
Uma empresa solicita os documentos do procedimento para si e para outro(s)
concorrente(s).
Uma empresa entrega a sua proposta em conjunto com a(s) de outro(s) concorrente(s).
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Em 2015, a Autoridade da
Concorrência condenou cinco
empresas de pré-fabricados ao
pagamento de coimas num valor total
superior a 830 mil €, por fixação de
preços e repartição do mercado, em
concursos públicos lançados pela
Parque Escolar E.P.E., para a
montagem e aluguer de módulos pré-
fabricados para salas de aula.
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Autoridade da Concorrência