Endocrine Function of Digestive System. 2

DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
By:
Abdulelah Ghreep Alanezi
Rayid Radhy Alanezi
Khalid Fahad Alanezi
Introduction
THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
(ALIMENTARY CANAL) AND ITS GLAND
MAKE UP THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
THE DUTIES OF GIT INCLUDE:
a. Ingestion
b. Digestion
c. Absorption
e. Excretion of waste products.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
1.Mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Oesophagus
4. Stomach
5. Small intestine
6. Large intestine
7. Rectum
8. Anus
MOUTH
it's upper enlarged section, which serves

as the alimentary canal's entry point.
The tongue, teeth, and salivary gland
are the mouth's key structural
components.
Tongue
The tongue is joined to the hyoid bone and
rests in the floor of the mouth. The root of
the tongue is where blood vessels and
nerves flow.On the upper surface, taste
buds come in four different varieties:
a. Circumvallate papillae
b. Fungiform papillae
c. Filiform papillae
d. Folate papillae
TEET
H
Mastication is an issue for TEETH. Teeth
can be categorized into the following
groups
based on when they first appear: a.
Permanent teeth- 32
twenty temporary teeth. There are 8 teeth in
each half of the upper and lower jaws. 2
inc isors, 1 c a nine, 2 prem ola rs, a nd 3
m ola rs are among them.
Salivary gland
In the mouth, there are three pairs of salivary
glands. As follows:
1.parotid is situated beneath and in front of each ear on
each side. These are the biggest salivary glands.
2. The submandibular glands are a significant pair of
salivary
glands that are situated below the lower jaws.
3.Sublingual: It is located in front of the
submandibular glands, inferior to the tongue.
Processes of the
mouth-
Food mastication (chewing).
combining masticated food with
saliva to create bolus, an easily
digestible food.
Amylase, an enzyme found in saliva,
turns starch into maltose.
swallowing starts with the tongue.
allowing for the tastebuds.
The nasopharynx is not
a component of the
PHARYNX digestive system.

The oropharynx is
located behind the
mouth cavity.
The laryngopharynx
connects to the
oesophagus and is
located beneath
the oropharynx.
OESOPHAGU
S
Pharynx to stomach is
where it starts.
around 25 cm.
A muscle membrane
and mucus line the tube.
They engage in an
uncontrollable rhythmic
muscular contraction
known as peristalsis.
STOMAC
H
On the left side of the
abdominal cavity, it is situated.
The stomach's cardiac
area Fundus area
the pylorus of the body
At the pyloric sphincter, food is
emptied into the small intestine.
CELLS IN STOMACH:
1.Mucus cells: These cells produce an alkaline mucus that shields the epithelium
from hydrochloric acid.
2.The parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid, which triggers the release of
pepsin to breakdown proteins. Ingested bacteria are also destroyed by the acid
along with the food.
3. The chief cells release pepsin. The fundic area contains these cells.
4.G-Cells: Gastrin, which is secreted by them, induces the release of hydrochloric

acid.
PANC REA
S
The pancreas and small intestine's
duodenum have a close relationship.
The pancreas' head is situated in the
duodenum's C-shaped curve, while its
tail rests on the spleen.
PANCREATIC JUICE: This juice contains
digestive enzymes for proteins, lipids,
and carbohydrates.
Amylase converts glucose from starch.
The first is lipase, which converts fat into
fatty acids and glycerol. ch
2. Tripsin and chymotrypsin—Proteolytic
enzymes are responsible for breaking
down protein.
SMALL INTESTINE
The small intestine is the portion of the alimentary canal that
connected the pyloric end of the stomach to the caecum,
which is the first segment of the large intestine.
The components of the small intestine are as follows:
a. Duodenum
Jejunum,
b. Ileum c
The duodenum receives the stomach's
acidic chyme. There, it combines with
entericus, an alkaline intestinal liquid that
comes from the glands that line the
walls of the small intestine.
the bile and alkaline pancreatic
(amylase, lipase, etc.) secretions
from the liver.
LARGE INTESTINE
It runs from the ileum's terminus

to the rectum. The following are
the components of the large
intestine: the caecum, the
appendix, the ascending colon,
the transverse colon, the
descending colon, and the
sigmoid colon.
Functions of large intestine-
1.Digestion: The microorganisms in the colon

are responsible for this. They operate on the
small intestine's undigested and unabsorbed
waste.
2.Absorption – All proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
are absorbed in the small intestine. In the colon,
only glucose and water are absorbed.
3.There is only one secretion, mucin. It lubricates
the colon and makes feces easier to move
through.
4.Excretion: The large intestine is where iron
and some purgatives are eliminated.
Conta c t
Us
1.F, Singh RP (June 2008). KSA"Disintegration
of solid foods in h u m a n stomach".
Journal of Food Science. 73 (5): R67–R80.
doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00766.x. PMID
18577009.
2. "Large intestine". Encyclopedia
Britannica. 2016. Retrieved 1 Oc tob er
2016.
3. Hopkins J, Maton A, Charles WM, Susan
J, M ar yan n a QW, David L, Jill DW (1993).
Hu m an Biology a n d Health. Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, US: Prentice Hall. ISBN
978-0-13-981176-0.
Thank
you

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DIGESTIVE

it's upper enlarged section, which serves

PHARYNX digestive system.

4.G-Cells: Gastrin, which is secreted by them, induces the release of hydrochloric

It runs from the ileum's terminus

1.Digestion: The microorganisms in the colon

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