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    Thermal Physics

    Uploaded by

    Khawaja Esha
    This document discusses key concepts in thermal physics. It defines temperature and explains that heat will flow from hotter objects to colder objects. It also introduces thermal equilibrium, which is reached when two objects in contact have the same temperature. Finally, it discusses concepts like internal energy, heat capacity, and specific heat capacity, and provides formulas for calculating energy absorbed based on mass, temperature change, and specific heat capacity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Thermal Physics

    Uploaded by

    Khawaja Esha
    28 views13 pages
    This document discusses key concepts in thermal physics. It defines temperature and explains that heat will flow from hotter objects to colder objects. It also introduces thermal equilibrium, which is reached when two objects in contact have the same temperature. Finally, it discusses concepts like internal energy, heat capacity, and specific heat capacity, and provides formulas for calculating energy absorbed based on mass, temperature change, and specific heat capacity.

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    This document discusses key concepts in thermal physics. It defines temperature and explains that heat will flow from hotter objects to colder objects. It also introduces thermal equilibrium, which is reached when two objects in contact have the same temperature. Finally, it discusses concepts like internal energy, heat capacity, and specific heat capacity, and provides formulas for calculating energy absorbed based on mass, temperature change, and specific heat capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views13 pages

    Thermal Physics

    Uploaded by

    Khawaja Esha
    This document discusses key concepts in thermal physics. It defines temperature and explains that heat will flow from hotter objects to colder objects. It also introduces thermal equilibrium, which is reached when two objects in contact have the same temperature. Finally, it discusses concepts like internal energy, heat capacity, and specific heat capacity, and provides formulas for calculating energy absorbed based on mass, temperature change, and specific heat capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    THERMAL

    PHYSICS
    Temperature
    TEMPERATURE determines the direction of flow of
    thermal energy between two bodies in thermal
    contact

    Thermal physics HOT COLD


    COLD

    This is another way of saying that if


    an object is hotter than another, Obvious, but important to
    heat energy will flow from the hotter remember!
    object to the colder!
    Thermal Equilibrium
    Two bodies in thermal contact
    will eventually reach the same
    temperature. The two bodies are
    Thermal physics now said to be in thermal
    equilibrium.

    WARM WARM
    •Lord Kelvin
    •1824-1907
    KELVIN
    TEMPERATURE
    Absolute/Kelvin temperature and Celsius

    T (in Kelvin) = T (in degrees Celcius) + 273

    Just to mention for now that zero Kelvin is


    the lowest possible temperature.
    Internal Energy
    This is the sum of the kinetic energies and
    potential energies of the particles in a
    substance

    If you imagine the forces between particles as a spring, you can see
    if the particles are pulled apart or squashed together that energy is
    stored in the spring. Similarly there is potential energy between the
    particles in a substance.
    Relative formula mass

    We can use the idea of moles and apply it to


    molecules using relative formula mass.

    C2H5OH

    RFM = (2 x 12) + (6 x 1) + (1 x 16) = 46

    46g of ethanol = I mole of ethanol molecules


    Heat Capacity

    The relationship between the amount of heat


    energy a substance requires to raise its
    temperature by a given amount is called its
    thermal capacity. It is measured in J.°C-1 or J.K-1.
    Thermal Capacity
    Thermal capacity is the amount of energy
    needed to raise the temperature of a substance
    by 1K.

    Calculations using Thermal capacity


    Energy absorbed = Thermal capacity x Temp rise

    J J.°C-1 °C

    E = QΔT
    SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

    Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy


    needed to raise the temperature of unit mass of a
    substance by 1K

    Specific heat capacity of water = 4186 J.kg-1.°C-1


    Specific heat capacity of kerosene = 2010 J.kg-1.°C-1
    Specific heat capacity of mercury = 140 J.kg-1.°C-1
    Calculations using S.H.C.
    Energy absorbed = Mass x Specific Heat capacity x Temp rise

    J kg J.kg-1.°C-1 °C

    Q = mcΔT
    For example
    500 g of olive oil is heated until its temperature rises by
    120°C. If the specific heat capacity of olive oil is 1970 J.kg-1.°C-1,
    how much heat energy was used?

    Energy absorbed = Mass x Specific Heat capacity x Temp rise

    Energy absorbed = 0.5 x 1970 x 120

    Energy absorbed = 118200 J


    THANK
    YOU

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