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    Heat, Temperature, and Thermal Energy Notes

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    Athena Huynh
    The soup is not boiling at 100°C because the cooking utensil and soup are at the same temperature, so there is no heat transfer between them and they have reached thermal equilibrium. Heat transfers from hotter to colder objects until they reach the same temperature. Temperature indicates average particle kinetic energy, while thermal energy is the total particle energy. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures.

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    Heat, Temperature, and Thermal Energy Notes

    Uploaded by

    Athena Huynh
    444 views4 pages
    The soup is not boiling at 100°C because the cooking utensil and soup are at the same temperature, so there is no heat transfer between them and they have reached thermal equilibrium. Heat transfers from hotter to colder objects until they reach the same temperature. Temperature indicates average particle kinetic energy, while thermal energy is the total particle energy. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures.

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    Notes for Physics 11: Heat and Thermal Energy.

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    Heat, Temperature, And Thermal Energy Notes

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    The soup is not boiling at 100°C because the cooking utensil and soup are at the same temperature, so there is no heat transfer between them and they have reached thermal equilibrium. Heat transfers from hotter to colder objects until they reach the same temperature. Temperature indicates average particle kinetic energy, while thermal energy is the total particle energy. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    444 views4 pages

    Heat, Temperature, and Thermal Energy Notes

    Uploaded by

    Athena Huynh
    The soup is not boiling at 100°C because the cooking utensil and soup are at the same temperature, so there is no heat transfer between them and they have reached thermal equilibrium. Heat transfers from hotter to colder objects until they reach the same temperature. Temperature indicates average particle kinetic energy, while thermal energy is the total particle energy. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Chapter 12: Heat, Temperature, and Thermal Energy

    Cooking Up a Science: Why is the soup at 100 C not boiling?

    Explain how this cooking utensil can be used to keep the most flavor in the soup.

    Both bodies are at the same temperature, so there is no net change in heat to cause the water inside to boil; they are at thermal equilibrium. The Theory of Heat Heat travels from a hot surface to a colder surfacethe hot surface cools down and the cold surface warms up until they both have the same temperature. We say they have reached thermal equilibrium - no more heat is transferred. (2nd Law of Thermodynamics) Kinetic Molecular Theory Particles are always in motion. Particles in a hotter substance move fastermore EK Energy is transferred (Conservation of Momentum) as heat when faster particles collide with slower particles, causing the slower ones to increase in speed and kinetic energy.

    We can measure temperature which indicates the average kinetic energy of all of the particles in the chosen object. We use a thermometer to do this. Temperature is measured in C or K (Kelvins). (Note: 0 F freezing of brine; 100 F temperature of a horse)

    Thermal energy is defined as the total energy of all of the particles in the object. Thermal energy is measured in J. Determining Absolute Zero

    An ideal gas will not have any volume at absolute zero. By plotting a graph of Volume against Time for the gas, we can extrapolate (ie. extend) the linear relationship to experimentally derive a value for absolute zero273.15 C. Heat (Q or EH) Heat is the transfer of some of the thermal energy. Heat moves from a hot object to a colder object. The amount of heat transferred, Q, depends on 1. The type of materialindicated with the specific heat of the material, c, in J/kgK or J/kgC (water c = 4200 J/kgK). 2. The amount of materialindicated by the objects mass, m, in kg. 3. How much the object gets hotter of colder byindicated by the temperature change, T, in K or C.

    Question: How much energy is needed to heat a piece of copper of mass 5.0 g to increase its temperature 20 C? (ccopper = 385 J/kgCp.248)

    (Note: C = K 385 J/kgC = 385 J/kgK) Thermal Equilibrium

    Hot

    Cold

    When two objects of different temperatures are placed in contact with each other, heat will be transferred and their temperatures will change until they reach the same temperature equilibrium temperature, Teq. (Tfinal) ( ) ( )

    Question: A 5.0 g piece of copper coin is placed in 100 mL of water. The coins initial temperature is 85 C and the waters initial temperature is 19 C. What is their equilibrium temperature? (cwater = 4200 J/kgC; ccopper = 385 J/kgC)

    Latent Heat Heat is needed during phase changes such as liquid to gas (vaporization) because bonds are broken and the molecules are moved further apart. The amount of heat per unit mass to do this is called the latent heat of the material: Latent heat of fusion, HF (J/kg): solid liquid Latent heat of vaporization, HV (J/kg): liquid gasp. 254

    Question: Calculate the heat needed to turn 150 g of ice at 5.0 C into water, then increase its temperature to boiling point and boil all of it off. Data: cice = 2060 J/kgC; HF = 3.34 105 J/kg; HV = 2.26 106 J/kg

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