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    Earthquake and Faults-Edited

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    Jayson Attaban
    1. Faults are breaks in the Earth's crust where significant movement has occurred. Different types of faults form due to tension, compression, or horizontal sliding of rock layers. 2. Earthquakes are caused by sudden slippage along faults. As the rocks slip, energy is released in the form of seismic waves that propagate outward from the focus. 3. The focus is where the fault slippage originates deep underground. The epicenter is the point directly above the focus on the surface. Earthquake magnitude describes the energy released while intensity rates the observed shaking effects.

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    Earthquake and Faults-Edited

    Uploaded by

    Jayson Attaban
    31 views67 pages
    1. Faults are breaks in the Earth's crust where significant movement has occurred. Different types of faults form due to tension, compression, or horizontal sliding of rock layers. 2. Earthquakes are caused by sudden slippage along faults. As the rocks slip, energy is released in the form of seismic waves that propagate outward from the focus. 3. The focus is where the fault slippage originates deep underground. The epicenter is the point directly above the focus on the surface. Earthquake magnitude describes the energy released while intensity rates the observed shaking effects.

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    earth sci 8

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    Earthquake and Faults-edited

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    1. Faults are breaks in the Earth's crust where significant movement has occurred. Different types of faults form due to tension, compression, or horizontal sliding of rock layers. 2. Earthquakes are caused by sudden slippage along faults. As the rocks slip, energy is released in the form of seismic waves that propagate outward from the focus. 3. The focus is where the fault slippage originates deep underground. The epicenter is the point directly above the focus on the surface. Earthquake magnitude describes the energy released while intensity rates the observed shaking effects.

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    31 views67 pages

    Earthquake and Faults-Edited

    Uploaded by

    Jayson Attaban
    1. Faults are breaks in the Earth's crust where significant movement has occurred. Different types of faults form due to tension, compression, or horizontal sliding of rock layers. 2. Earthquakes are caused by sudden slippage along faults. As the rocks slip, energy is released in the form of seismic waves that propagate outward from the focus. 3. The focus is where the fault slippage originates deep underground. The epicenter is the point directly above the focus on the surface. Earthquake magnitude describes the energy released while intensity rates the observed shaking effects.

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    of 67

    Prayer

    306112- BARUCBOC NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL


    Quezon, Isabela 3324
    (0926) 934-3805*[email protected]

    EARTHQUAKE AND FAULTS


    TOPIC CODE: S8ES-IIa14-S8ES-IIa-15 S8ES-IIc17

    JAYSON AGBAYANI
    Unit 2 ATTABAN
    Module 1 Science Teacher
    CONTENT STANDARD
    The learners demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between faults
    and earthquake.

    PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
    The learners shall be able to:
    1. participate in decision making on where to build structures based on
    knowledge of the location of active faults in the community
    2. make an emergency plan and prepare an emergency kit for use at home
    and in school

    LEARNING COMPETENCY
    The learners should be able to:
    1. using models or illustrations, explain how movements along faults generate earthquakes;
    2. differentiate the
    2.1 epicenter of an earthquake from its focus;
    2.2 intensity of an earthquake from its magnitude;
    2.3 active and inactive faults
    3. demonstrate how underwater earthquakes generate tsunamis;
    4. explain how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the earth
    Video play……..
    VIDEO PLAY….
    EARTHQUAKE
    •The shaking or trembling caused by
    sudden release of energy.
    •It occur when rocks along a fault suddenly
    move.
    TWO TYPES OF
    EARTHQUAKE

    1. TECTONIC
    2. VOLCANIC
    TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE

    It is produced by sudden movement


    along faults and plate boundaries.
     
    VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKE
    It is an earthquake induced by rising
    lava or magma beneath active
    volcanoes.
    STRESS
    It is a force that squeezes rocks
    together, stretches or pulls them apart,
    or pushes them in different directions.
    *As tectonic plates move, they cause stress in the
    crust, which in turn produces faults and folds.
    Where do
    earthquakes occur?
    FAULT
    A fault is a break in the earth’s crust
    along which significant movement
    has taken place.
    FAULT
    FAULT LINE OF THE BIG ONE
    The “Big One” is a worst-case scenario of a 7.2-magnitude earthquake from the West
    Valley Fault, a 100-kilometer fault that runs through six cities in Metro Manila and
    nearby provinces.
    THREE TYPES OF FAULT
    VIDEO PLAY….
    NORMAL FAULT
    It forms as a result
    of tension.
    The rock layers are
    pulled apart, and gravity
    causes one section to
    move downward in
    relation to the other.
    REVERSE FAULT
    It forms as a result
    of compression.
    The rock layers in the
    earth’s crust are
    squeezed together, and
    the force pushes one
    section upward in
    relation to the other.
    STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
    It forms when the rock
    layers on opposite side
    of fault slides past
    each other
    horizontally.
    It is sometimes called tear,
    wrench or transcurrent
    fault.
    HOW DO FAULTS PRODUCE
    QUAKES?
    Energy from inside the Earth make the ground
    move. There is no movement friction right away
    because of the friction. Friction held the rocks
    together. Once the friction is overcome, the
    ground will move and the earthquake will occur.
    *Every time a fault slips or moves, the Earth
    quakes.
    Lesson 2: Earthquake’s
    Epicenter and Magnitude
     Epicenter vs Focus and
    Magnitude vs Intensity
    WHERE DOES
    AN
    EARTHQUAKE
    STARTS?
    WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
    A focus AND AN EPICENTER?
    HOW STRONG IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
    MEASURING
    EARTHQUAKES
    • SEISMOGRAPH-
    device that can detect
    and record seismic
    waves.
    • SEISMOGRAM-
    record of an earthquake
    on seismograph.
    SEISMOGRAph
    DIFFERENT RITCHTER SCALE

    SCALE USED
    IN MOMENT MAGNITUDE
    SCALE

    MEASURING
    EARTHQUAKE MODIFIED MERCALLI
    SCALE
    RITCHTER
    SCALE

    It rate earthquakes
    based on
    measurement of the
    times and amplitudes
    of seismic waves by
    certain seismograph.
    Moment
    magnitude
    SCALE

    It gives measure
    of the amount of
    energy released
    by an
    earthquake.
    Modified
    Mercalli
    SCALE
    It rates the effects of
    earthquake based on
    the observations of
    the intensity of
    ground shaking and
    damage in the areas
    affected by an
    earthquake.
    PHIVOLCS
    Philippine
    Institute of
    Volcanology
    and
    Seismology
    PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE Magnitude SCALE
    PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE
    Active and Inactive Faults
    “ MAGING LIGTAS SA
    ANUMANG SAKUNA, DAPAT
    LAGING HANDA….
    ”
    WHAT TO DO?
    Lesson 3:
    Earthquake Waves
    Seismic Waves
    SEISMIC WAVES
    • The energy released • As an earthquake
    during an occurs, seismic waves
    earthquake is move out in all
    carried by vibrations directions from the
    called seismic waves. focus.
    *When rocks move or break, potential energy is transformed
    into kinetic energy in the forms of seismic waves.
    The Behavior of Seismic Waves Inside the Earth
    TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES

    P waves
    L waves

    S waves
    Body Waves
    • The body waves are seismic waves that
    travel through the interior of the Earth.
    These waves are of higher frequency than
    surface waves. The two types of body waves
    are primary and secondary waves.
    P waves or
    Primary
    waves
    • Fastest waves.
    • The P waves can move
    through solid rocks and
    fluids, like water or the
    liquid layers of the Earth.
    • They push and pull the
    rocks as they move through
    just like the sound waves
    that push and pull the air.
    S waves or
    secondary
    waves
    • Slower than P waves.
    • Travel through solids only.
    • Shear waves, move
    material perpendicular to
    the wave movement.
    • P waves vibrate parallel to
    the direction and
    travelling in a push-pull
    motion.
    Surface waves

    • Surface waves travel only through the crust. These are


    of lower frequency than body waves, and are easily
    distinguished on a seismograph. Though they arrive
    after body waves, it is the surface waves that are
    almost entirely responsible for the destruction
    associated with earthquakes. There are two types of
    surface waves, the Love wave and Rayleigh wave.
    l waves or
    Love waves
    • Slowly than P waves and
    S waves.
    • It usually produce larger
    ground movements and
    greater damage.
    • This wave is the fastest
    surface wave and moves
    the ground from side-to-
    side. Love waves produce
    entirely horizontal motion.
    R waves or
    Rayleigh waves
    • This wave rolls along
    the ground just like a
    wave rolls across a
    lake or an ocean. It
    moves the ground
    side-to-side and up
    and down in the same
    direction that the wave
    is moving.
    306112- BARUCBOC NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
    Quezon, Isabela 3324
    (0926) 934-3805*[email protected]

    EARTHQUAKE AND FAULTS


    TOPIC CODE: S8ES-IIa14

    SUMMATIVE TEST
    NO.1
    JAYSON AGBAYANI
    ATTABAN
    Science Teacher
    A. Focus
    1. It is referred to
    as a break in the B. Epicenter
    earth’s crust? C. Fault

    D. Fault plane
    A. Tidal
    2. A vibration of wave
    the earth due to B. Earthquake
    rapid release of
    energy is known as C .Landslide
    __________.
    D. Typhoon
    A. Focus
    3. The place where
    the fault begins to B. Epicenter
    slip is called
    the__________. C. Fault

    D. Fault plane
    4. The spot A. Focus
    directly above the
    focus on the B. Epicenter
    surface of the
    C. Fault
    earth is
    called__________. D. Fault plane
    5. What
    A. PAG-ASA
    government
    agency is tasked to B.
    identify the PHIVOLCS
    intensity of an C. NDRRMC
    earthquake in the
    country? D. MMDA
    6. A big wave A. Typhoon
    produced by
    earthquakes that B. Tsunami
    originates under
    C. Flood
    the sea is known as
    __________. D. Volcanic

    eruption
    7. An image about
    A. Earth’s surface
    the interior of the
    earth can be B. Tidal wave
    inferred by
    studying the C. Seismic wave
    behavior of the
    ____________. D. Rocks
    8. The Philippines A. Equator
    is prone to B. Pacific
    earthquake Ring of Fire
    because it is
    C. Pacific Ocean
    located along the
    ____________. D. Prime
    Meridian
    9. What intensity
    A. Intensity I
    of the earthquake
    based on B. Intensity II
    PHIVOLCS
    Earthquake C. Intensity III
    Intensity Scale is D. Intensity
    slightly felt? IV
    A. Hills
    10. The flat
    surface between a B. Valley
    fault line is called
    C. Fault plane
    ___________?
    D. Focus
    11. Which of the following statements is
    FALSE about an earthquake?
    A. Earthquake have caused countless deaths all over
    the world.
    B. Earthquake was caused by movement along the
    fault.

    C. Earthquake is a vibration of the Earth due to


    rapid release of energy.
    D. Earthquakes with a magnitude of 2 can cause
    severe damage.
    12. Which of the following is the difference
    between a focus and an epicenter?
    A. The focus is where an earthquake originates,
    epicenter is the spot directly above the focus..
    B. The focus is on the surface while epicenter is
    underneath the focus.

    C. The focus is a flat surface while an epicenter is


    the geometrical center of the Earth.
    D. The focus is found along the fault line while an
    epicenter is anywhere on the fault plane.
    13. Which of the following best differentiates
    intensity from magnitude? Magnitude is______.

    A. The measure of how strong an earthquake is.

    B. An instrument that measures earthquake.

    C. Expressed using Roman-Numerals.

    D. Expressed using Hindu-Arabic Numerals.


    14. Which of the following picture is a normal
    fault?

    D. None of the
    choices
    15. What is referred to in the letter B of the
    illustration below?
    A. Focus

    B. Epicenter

    C. Fault line
    D. Fault plane
    16. Why does an earthquake occur?
    Earthquake occurs because ______.
    A. superman is shaking the Earth..

    B. the Earth is hit by a meteor.

    C. a fault suddenly moves .

    D. crust moves as the Earth rotates on its axis .


    17. How do faults produce earthquakes?
    A. Energy from inside the Earth makes the ground move,
    once friction is overcome, fault slips producing earthquake..

    B. Magma and lava causes the ground to


    spread producing faults.
    C. Molten rock materials accumulate and go out
    along the fault producing earthquake.
    D. Tectonic plates collide forming volcanoes and
    causing eartquakes.
    18. When earthquake occurs, where
    would the shaking be greater?
    A. At the epicenter

    B. Away from the epicenter

    C. At the focus

    D. At the fault plane


    19. How does earthquake wave gives us
    picture of the interior of the Earth?
    A. By studying the behavior of earthquake waves as
    it passes through different layers of the Earth.
    B. By identifying which part of the Earth has the
    greatest destruction during earthquake.

    C. By taking photographs of crust, mantle and core.

    D. By identifying the epicenter of the earthquakes.


    20. When does a tsunami happen?

    A. If a fault suddenly moves in a body of water.

    B. When the typhoon is so strong.

    C. When huge water animal makes big waves.

    D. If a meteor hits the ocean a tsunami happens.


    End of the Presentation
    THANK YOU!!!!!

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