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    In Situ Soil Testing - Lab Tests - Estimation of Properties From in Situ Tests

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    The document discusses in situ soil testing methods. It describes conducting standard penetration tests to determine soil type and properties like strength and compressibility. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples are taken for classification and laboratory testing. Rock cores are also described for sampling hard formations. Engineering properties like shear strength and compressibility are estimated from in situ tests and related to parameters like blow count, stress state, and soil type through established correlations.

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    In Situ Soil Testing - Lab Tests - Estimation of Properties From in Situ Tests

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    abcdef456
    44 views26 pages
    The document discusses in situ soil testing methods. It describes conducting standard penetration tests to determine soil type and properties like strength and compressibility. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples are taken for classification and laboratory testing. Rock cores are also described for sampling hard formations. Engineering properties like shear strength and compressibility are estimated from in situ tests and related to parameters like blow count, stress state, and soil type through established correlations.

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    lecture_4

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    The document discusses in situ soil testing methods. It describes conducting standard penetration tests to determine soil type and properties like strength and compressibility. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples are taken for classification and laboratory testing. Rock cores are also described for sampling hard formations. Engineering properties like shear strength and compressibility are estimated from in situ tests and related to parameters like blow count, stress state, and soil type through established correlations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views26 pages

    In Situ Soil Testing - Lab Tests - Estimation of Properties From in Situ Tests

    Uploaded by

    abcdef456
    The document discusses in situ soil testing methods. It describes conducting standard penetration tests to determine soil type and properties like strength and compressibility. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples are taken for classification and laboratory testing. Rock cores are also described for sampling hard formations. Engineering properties like shear strength and compressibility are estimated from in situ tests and related to parameters like blow count, stress state, and soil type through established correlations.

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    of 26

    Lecture 4

    -In situ Soil Testing-


    - Lab Tests-
    -Estimation of Properties from In situ
    Tests-
    Site Investigation

    The Purpose of Site/Subsoil Exploration includes:


    • Determine the Type of Soil and Rock(Sand, Silts,
    Clays, Rock) and its Stratification (Fence Diagrams)
    • Obtain Disturbed and Undisturbed Samples for
    Identification (e.g. Classification – USCS), and
    engineering properties (Compressibility, strength,
    etc.)
    • Assess Engineering Properties Insitu (Strength,
    Modulus, etc.)
    • Quantify Spatial Variability of engineering properties
    (mean, variance, covariance – spatial correlation)
    Standard Penetration Testing (SPT) Rigs
    Disturbed and Undisturbed Sampling: Borehole-
    Rotary Drilling
    Borehole Stability with Slurry

    hT1 > hT2


    Water flows outward
    From Borehole
    hT1 V = - K ∆h/∆x ~ 10-5 – 10-6
    Filter Cake

    ∆h = hT1 – hT2
    K = 10-7 – 10-8 cm/sec
    ∆x

    hT2

    σh= σv = γslurry hT Datum


    Do

    Di
    Undisturbed – Thin walled
    Soil Samples (Silts & Clays)

    Strength Testing:
    - Triaxial, Unconfined
    Compression

    Compressibility - Oedometer

    Shelby Tube
    Rock- Coring Water

    Single Wall Double Wall

    Rock Core ~ 5 ft

    Hard Rock (Granite)

    Soft Rock (Limestone)

    Coring Bit
    Rock Measurements

    C = cohesion

    qt qu σ
    Unconfined Compression qu
    ASTM D2938

    stress
    Split Tension
    ASTM D3967
    strain
    Disturbed - SPT Split Barrel Sampler

    Ar = (D02 – Di2 ) / Di2 x 100 = (22 – 1.3752) / 1.3752 x100 =110% > 10%
    Soil “Catchers”
    SPT Blow Count or “N” Value

    6” 5 blows

    6” 8 blows
    N = 14
    6” 6 blows
    US Automatic Trip 0.80
    (N1)60 = N60 (0.77 log [40 / (σ’z –ksf)] ) (AASHTO)
    Direct Shear Test
    P

    A =cross-sectional
    Area
    T

    T
    Shear Strength, S = Tf / A

    φ = friction angle of soil


    Tf3
    Tf3/A
    Lateral Load, T Tf2
    Tf2/A
    Tf1/A Tf1

    P1/A P2/A P3/A


    Normal Stress, σ = P/A Horizontal Displacement
    Comparison of SPT N to Direct Shear
    P σN = P/A
    τ = T/A
    A =cross-sectional
    Area
    T
    𝜎𝜎′𝐻𝐻 = 𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑣𝑣 = 𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜 𝛾𝛾 ′ 𝑍𝑍
    τ T

    ∅3
    ∅2
    τ ∝ SPT N
    ∅1

    𝜏𝜏 𝑁𝑁60
    ∅𝑖𝑖 ∝ 𝑓𝑓 ∝ 𝑓𝑓
    𝜎𝜎𝑁𝑁 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐻𝐻
    σN = 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐻𝐻
    Granular Angle of Internal Friction, φ

    Das:
    Principles of
    Foundation
    Engineering
    (2007)
    Relative Density, Dr

    Function of N60 ,
    Overburden stress,
    Particle distribution,
    OCR
    emax − e
    Dr (% ) = x 100
    emax − emin

    𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
    𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 =
    𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣

    𝑉𝑉𝑣𝑣
    𝑒𝑒 = 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 =
    𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠
    Das:
    Principles of
    Foundation
    Engineering
    (2007)
    Typical effective angles of internal friction,
    φ’

    emax − e
    Dr (% ) = x 100
    emax − emin
    Well Graded Sand

    Low Compressibility Silt D


    USCS

    Unified Soil Classification System


    M – Silt
    S - Sand
    G - Gravel
    Silty Sand C - Clay
    Poorly Graded Sand O - Organic
    W = Moisture Content Typical
    = Ww / Ws Plan
    Borings
    Nw – In situ moisture
    content
    -200 – passing 200 sieve
    B
    A – SPT N60
    A

    B – USCS (SW)

    C – qt – split tension
    quc – unconfined compression
    C
    D

    D – Recovery %
    (22) RQD

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