Clutch

MODULE-2
CLUTCH
 Clutch is a mechanism
which enables the rotary
motion of the one shaft to
be transmitted to a second
shaft whose axis is
coincident with that of first
 Principle: Friction
 Engaged- The power from the engine transmits
to the rear wheel through transmission system
 Disengaged- The power is not transmitted to
rear wheels
1. Starting the engine
2. Shifting the Gear
3. Stopping the vehicle
4. Idling the engine
 Function:
…………………………
Requirement of clutch
 Torque transmission
 Gradual engagement
 Should be dynamically balanced
 Free from slip
 Small as possible to occupy minimum space
 Wearing surface would have long life
 Heat dissipation
 Vibration damping and eliminate noise
 Clutch free pedal play to reduce effective clamping
load on carbon thrust bearing and wear on it
 Easily operated
 Friction material
1. Woven Type
2.Mould of compression type
3.Mill board type
Types of clutches
 Positive clutches
 Gradual Engagement clutches

a)Friction Clutches
Cone clutch
Single plate clutch
Multi plate clutch
b)Other types
Centrifugal and magnetic clutches
Fluid Flywheel
Hydraulic Torque convertor
Principle of friction clutch
 let shaft A and disc C rotate with an N rpm
 Shaft B and disc D are stationary when clutch is not
engaged
 When axial force is applied on disc D it comes in contact
with the disc C and starts rotating due to the friction b/w
the disc C and D
 Speed of disc D depends on the frictional force b/w the
disc which in turn depends on axial force applied
 And the force W is increased till the disc D starts rotating
with the same speed as that of disc C
 At this position disc is said to be fully engaged
Torque transmitted by clutch depends on
 Coefficient of friction
 Axial pressure/force
 Effective radius of contact surface
CONE CLUTCH
 Contact surface is in the form of cone
 In engaged position male cone is fully inside the female cone
 It is kept in engaged position by spring force
 In engaged position torque is transmitted from e/g shaft to
flywheel/female cone then to male cone and to the gear box
shaft
 For disengaging male cone is pulled out by means of lever
system operated through clutch pedal
 Normal force acting in the friction surface is greater than
axil force.
Disadvantages
 If the angle of the cone is less 20 degree male

cone tends to bind / join with female cone, so it
become difficult to disengage
 Wear on the cone surface results in the axial
movement of the male cone and which is not
allowable
 Only used in synchromesh units of gear boxes
and overdrives and in epicyclic gear train
Single plate clutch
Diaphragm spring type single plate clutch
 Construction similar to that of single plate clutch
 In this diaphragm springs are used instead of coil springs
 Diaphragm spring is conical in shape
 When used in the system it is approximately flat and exerts
load on the pressure plate
Working
 Pressure plate E is movable axially but fixed radially with
respect to cover/casing
 Drive from the engine is fed through the cover-pressure
plate-friction plate-to the gear box shaft
 For disengaging the clutch force is applied on the clutch
pedal which actuates the release fingers by release rings
 This pivots the spring about the fulcrum releasing the
spring load and disengaging the drive
Advantages
 More compact so smaller clutch housing

 Can withstand high rotational speed as the spring is less affected
by centrifugal force
 Diaphragm act as both clamping spring and release levers
 Operating load is uniform and constant in driving plate
 Release lever are not required
 Squeaks rattles and vibrations are avoided
Video
..\video\ClutchDemo - YouTube.flv
..\video\Clutch tutorial.mp4 - YouTube.flv
..\video\Clutch Industries - How a clutch works - YouTube.flv
Centrifugal clutch
 In this type springs are eliminated and only
centrifugal force is used to apply pressure to keep the
clutch in engaged position
 As the speed increase the weight A flies thereby
operating the bell crank lever B which presses the
plate C
 This force is transmitted to the plate D through the
spring E
 The plate D containing the friction lining is pressed
against the flywheel F thereby engaging the clutch
 Spring G helps to disengage the clutch at low speed
 Stop H limits the centrifugal force
Operating characteristics
 Force P is proportional to the centrifugal force at a particular
speed
 Force Q exerted by spring G is constant at all speed
 The firm line shows the net force on the disc D
 Upper end is made flat due to the stopper H limiting the
centrifugal force
Fluid coupling
 Mainly used in vehicles adopting automatic transmission
 Consist of two members driving and driven
 These two members are not connected with each other
 The driven member is free to slide on splines provided on the transmission shaft
 Two members will not have any direct contact with each other
 The two rotors are filled with fluid of required viscosity
 The radial ribs are provided to form a number of passages for avoiding formation
of eddies.
 They also guide the fluid to flow in the desired direction
Rotor used in fluid coupling
Working
 When the engine is started, the driving member called impeller, starts to move
inside the housing containing oil.
 Pocket of the moving driving shaft are completely filled with oil.
 So, centrifugal force, forces the oil outward radially and attain KE
 When the engine speed increases, the oil coming out from the pocket of driving
member strikes the pockets of the driven members with greater force.
 It tends the driven members to rotate at same speed.
Advantages
 Car can be stopped in gears and move off by just

giving accelerator pedal
 No need of separate clutch pedal
 No need to adjust the clutch pedal
 There is no wear on moving parts
 Its simple in design
 No maintenance is necessary except oil level
 No skill is required for operating
 Jerking is avoided as the fluid absorbs all sorts of
vibration
Disadvantages
 There is a drag on the gear box-shaft even the slip is 100%
 Gear changing is difficult with the ordinary crash type gear box
Fluid flywheel is generally used with epi-cyclic gear box which avoid this
difficulty

Clutch

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MODULE-2

 Gradual Engagement clutches

 If the angle of the cone is less 20 degree male

 More compact so smaller clutch housing

 Car can be stopped in gears and move off by just

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