Clutch 2

Clutch
• Defination:-
Clutch is a device used in the transmission system of a motor vehicle to
engage and disengage the engine to the transmission.
A clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages the power transmission,
especially from driving shaft to driven shaft.
Function of Clutch
1. When the clutch is engaged, the power flows from the engine to the
wheels through the transmission system and the vehicle moves.
2. When the clutch is disengaged, the power is not transmitted to the
wheels and the vehicles stops while the engine is still running.
3. The clutch is kept engaged when the vehicle is moving.
4. The clutch also permits the gradual taking up of the load. When
properly operated, it prevents jerky motion of the vehicle.
5. The clutch is disengaged :-
i) when starting the engine.
ii) when shifting the gears.
iii) when stopping the vehicle.
iv) when idling the engine.
Principle of Operation
❑The clutch works on the principles of
friction.
❑When two friction surfaces are brought in
contact with each other and pressed they
are united due to the friction between
them.
❑The friction between the three surfaces
depends upon:-
i) Area of the
surfaces.
ii) applied pressure.
iii) co-efficient of
friction.
❑The two surfaces can be separated and
brought into contact when required.
❑ One surface is considered as driving
member and other as driven member.
❑ The driving member is kept rotating.
Requirements of a clutch
❖ Torque transmission
❖ Gradual engagement
❖ Heat dissipation
❖ Dynamic balancing
❖ Vibration damping
❖ Size
❖ Free pedal play
❖ Easy in operation
❖ Lightness
Main parts of a clutch
1. Driving member
2. Driven member
3. Operating member
▪ Driving member has a flywheel which is mounted on the engine
crankshaft. A disc is bolted to flywheel which is known as pressure
plate or driving disc.
▪ The driven member is a disc called clutch plate. This plate can slide
freely to and fro on the clutch shaft.
▪ The operating member consists of a pedal or lever which can be
pressed to disengage the driving and driven plate.
Types of clutch
1. Friction clutch :-
(a) Single plate clutch
(b) Multi plate clutch -
i) Wet
ii) Dry
(c) Cone clutch –
i) External
ii) Internal
2. Centrifugal clutch
4. Electromagnetic Clutch
5 Vacuum Clutch
6. Hydraulic clutch
Single plate clutch
• It has only one clutch plate which is mounted on the splines of

the clutch shaft.
• The flywheel is mounted on the engine crankshaft and rotates
with it.
• The pressure plate is bolted to the flywheel through clutch
springs. It is free to slide on the clutch shaft when the clutch
pedal is operated.
Working of single plate clutch
❖ When the clutch is engage:-
The clutch plate is gripped between the flywheel and
the pressure plate. Due to the friction between the flywheel, clutch plate and pressure plate, the
clutch plate revolves with the flywheel. As the clutch plate revolves, the clutch shaft also revolves.
Clutch shaft is connected to the transmission. Thus, the engine power is transmitted to the
crankshaft to the clutch shaft.
❖ When the clutch is disengage:-
When the clutch is pressed, the pressure plate
moves back against the force of the springs, and the clutch plate becomes free between the
flywheel and the pressure plate. Thus, the flywheel remains rotating as long as engine is running
and the clutch shaft speed reduces slowly and finally it stops rotating. As soon as the clutch pedal is
pressed, the clutch is said to be disengaged.
Multiplate clutch
• Multiplate clutch consists of a number of clutch

plate, instead of only one clutch plate as in the case
of single clutch plate.
• The increased number of friction surfaces obviously
increases the capacity of the clutch to transmit
torque.
• The plates are alternately fitted to the engine shaft
and gear box shaft.
• Each of the alternate plate slides in grooves on the
flywheel and the other slides on splines on the
pressure plate.
Working of multiplate clutch
• Clutch plate engaged with the flywheel and torque is transmitted flywheel from the through
friction facing(clutch plates) to the transmission clutch shaft(clutch shafts).Hence real wheel of the
car also rotates.
• When the clutch pedal is pressed the release bearing acts on the pressure plates diaphragms and
move the pressure plates away from the flywheel.
• This release bearing the clamping force on the facings plate and separator plate and allows
flywheel to freely without turning the clutch shaft.
• Now the clutch plate disengage with the flywheel, and drive is no longer transmitted.
• When the pedal is released, the spring tension forces the pressure plates, clutch plates and
separator plates against the flywheel, clamping all components together.
Cone clutch
Cone clutch consists of friction surfaces in form of cone. The
engine shaft consists of a female cone. The male cone is
mounted on the splined clutch shaft. It has friction surfaces
on the conical portion. The male cone can slide on the clutch
shaft.
❖When the clutch is engaged the friction surfaces of the
male cone are in contact with that of the female cone due
to the force of spring.
❖When the clutch pedal is pressed, the male cone slides
against the spring force and the clutch is disengaged.
How to works a cone clutch
Centrifugal clutch
❖The centrifugal clutch uses centrifugal force, instead

of spring force for keeping it in engaged position.
Also, it does not require clutch pedal for operating
the clutch.
❖ The clutch is operated automatically depending
upon the engine speed.
❖The vehicle can be ted in any gear by pressing the
accelerator pedal. stopped in gear without stalling
the engine.
❖ The vehicle can be start.
How to works a centrifugal clutch
Centrifugal Clutch
• A Clutch is a machineClutch Introduction
member used to
connect the driving shaft to a driven shaft,
so that the driven shaft may be started or
stopped at will, without stopping the
driving shaft.
• A clutch thus provides an interruptible
connection between two rotating shafts.
• Clutches allow a high inertia load to be
stated with a small power.
• A popularly known application of clutch is
in automotive vehicles where it is used to
connect the engine and the gear box.
Here the clutch enables to crank and
start the engine disengaging the
transmission Disengage the transmission
and change the gear to alter the torque
CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCH
• A centrifugal clutch is a clutch that uses centrifugal force to connect two

concentric shafts, with the driving shaft nested inside the driven shaft.
• It consists of number of shoe on the inside of a rim of pulley. The
outer
surface of pulley is covered with friction material.
• These shoes are moves radially in guides.
Operation of Centrifugal Clutch
Centrifugal clutch F=mrω
2
Drive
ω n
shaft
Drivi ω
ng Friction
shaft lining
Total friction torque , T = nµR(F-P)
Operation of
C
entrifugal
• As the speed of the shaft increase, the centrifugal force on the shoes
increase. Clutch (CONTD.)
• When the centrifugal force is less than the spring force, the shoes remain in
the same position as when the driving shaft was stationary, but when the
centrifugal force is equal to the spring force, the shoes are just floating.
• When the centrifugal force exceeds the spring force, the shoes move outward
and come into contact with the driven member presses against it.
Operation of
C
entrifugal
• The force with which the shoe presses against the driven member is the
Clutch
difference of the centrifugal force and the spring force.
(CONTD.)
• The increase of speed cause the shoe to press harder and enable more torque
to be transmitted.
Advantages of Centrifugal Clutch
• This type of mechanical clutch is automatic, so no kind of control

mechanism is necessary.
• Centrifugal clutch is fairly cheap compare to normal type on clutch.
• It prevents engine from stalling in other words minimizes engine braking
force.
• It is very helpful in various speed ranges compare to direct drive system.
Disadvantages of Centrifugal Clutch
• This clutch is not appropriate for transferring significant torque or power

because they can slip if loaded heavily.
• Sometimes the centrifugal clutch do not engage or disengage reliably and
therefore can cause a safety hazard.
• Some loss in hose power to rear wheel due to friction pads or shoes
movement.
Electromagnetic clutch
❖In this type of clutch, the flywheel
consists of winding.The current
supplied in the winding from the
battery or dynamo. When the current
passes through the winding, it
produces an electromagnetic field
which attracts the pressure plate,
thereby engaging the clutch. When
the supply is cut-off, the clutch is
disengaged.
Vacuum Clutch
❖It consists of a vacuum cylinder with piston,
solenoid operate valve, reservoir and a non-
return valve. The reservoir is connected to the
engine manifold through a non-return valve.
Vacuum cylinder is connected to the reservoir
through solenoid operated valve. The solenoid is
operated form the battery and the circuit
incorporates a switch which is placed in the gear
lever.
❖Movement of the piston is transmitted by a
linkage to the clutch, causing it to disengage.
When the driver is not operating the gear lever,
the switch is open and the clutch remains
engaged due to the force of springs.
Hydraulic Clutch
❖The hydraulic clutch is operated in the same way
as the vacuum clutch. Only the difference is that
it is operated by oil pressure whereas the
vacuum clutch is operated by vacuum.
❖The pump is operated by the engine itself. The
oil from the reservoir is pumped into the
accumulator tank. The accumulator tank is
connected to the cylinder through the control
valve. The control valve is electrically controlled
by a switch in the gear lever.
❖When the driver holds the gear lever to change
the gears, the switch is operated to open the
control valve admitting the oil under pressure to
the cylinder. Due to the oil pressure, the piston
moves causing the clutch to the disengaged.
❖As soon as the driver leaves the gear lever, the
switch is open which closed the control valve
and the clutch is engaged.
Thank You…
Written By:-
ANIL SHARMA
RAKESH KUMAR

Clutch 2

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Clutch

• It has only one clutch plate which is mounted on the splines of

• Multiplate clutch consists of a number of clutch

❖The centrifugal clutch uses centrifugal force, instead

• A centrifugal clutch is a clutch that uses centrifugal force to connect two

• This type of mechanical clutch is automatic, so no kind of control

• This clutch is not appropriate for transferring significant torque or power

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