Frog Organ System

In frog there are three
types of respiration:
Gills (Larval Stage only), Cutaneous
Respiration, Buccopharyngeal
Respiration, Pulmonary Respiration
Tadpoles have tiny external gill flaps that extract
oxygen from water as it passes over them.
Tadpoles open their mouths as they swim and
take in water. As the mouth closes, muscles
transfer the water to the gills. These consist of
thin membranes called lamellae, which take
oxygen from the water where it enters the blood
stream through the process of diffusion.
Tadpoles can also rise to the surface
and gulp oxygen from the air. As
tadpoles mature the gills are absorbed
by the body as other respiratory
systems develop.
Cutaneous
Thin Skin
Vascular
Moist Skin
Only in Water
Most carbon dioxide is exhaled through the skin and
most oxygen is absorbed through the skin, except
during the breeding season when the lungs absorb
more oxygen. The skin is thin and has blood vessels
and capillaries close to the surface. Frogs always have
moist skin due to glands which produce mucus across
the skin, and this moisture allows the oxygen in the
air to be absorbed into the skin and transmitted into
the blood stream. During hibernation and aestivation
this is the only form of respiration they use.
Buccopharyngeal
Mucus Membrane
Thin
Vascular
Buccopharyngeal respiration occurs
through the lining of the mouth. This only
occurs when the frog is not submerged in
water. The lining of the mouth is very moist
and can be used to bring oxygen into the
bloodstream by dissolving it and diffusing it
into the blood capillaries, in a similar way
to the skin respiration system.
Pulmonary
Respiration
The Lungs
Pulmonary respiration is breathing through the
lungs, as people do. Frogs' lungs are
comparatively underdeveloped and are not used
all the time. As they have no diaphragm to help
regulate air pressure in the lungs, they use their
mouth, gullet and nostrils to push the air in and
out of the lungs. Frogs use their lungs when they
are active and cannot get enough oxygen from
cutaneous respiration.
3 Main Parts:
Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels
Heart
Pumping Organ
Myogenic
3 Chambers (2 atrium and 1
ventricle)
A frog has a three-chambered heart. The
chambers include two atria and a ventricle. The
right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from
the veins. Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
have a tendency to mix within the ventricle that
is responsible for pumping blood. The left
atrium receives oxygenated blood from both
the lungs and the skin.
Frogs have three circuits for their circulation,
unlike humans who only have two. Like humans,
however, frogs have a systemic circuit, which
pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body.
The pulmonary circuit moves blood to the lungs
to pick up oxygen. Frogs also have a
pulmocutaneous circuit, where deoxygenated
blood is transported to the skin to pick up
oxygen and undergo gas exchange.
Blood
White Blood Cell
Red blood cell
Thrombocytes
Unlike typical mammalian red blood cells,
those from amphibians, such as frogs,
contain a DNA-bearing nucleus that is
visible in the center of the cell
Digestive System
Like humans, the digestive system of frogs
consists of the digestive tract, which in turn
comprises organs such as the mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, and cloaca. Accessory organs and
glands such as the tongue, teeth, salivary glands,
gastric glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
perform functions that are essential for the
process of digestion.
These organs work in tandem to digest
or break down the ingested food into
smaller molecules or nutrients, which
are easier to absorb and assimilate.
These nutrients are absorbed into the
bloodstream, and utilized by the cells
and tissues of the body for carrying out
the vital body processes.
Mouth
The digestive process of frogs starts with
ingestion, which involves catching their
prey (flies, spiders, worms, slugs, other
insects, and smaller animals that can fit
into their mouth) with their sticky, cleft or
bilobed tongue, and swallowing it
Pharynx and Esophagus
After the food is moistened by the saliva, it moves
from the mouth into the pharynx. Thereafter, it
moves into the esophagus. As in case of humans, an
esophagus is a small tube that is located in the
anterior section of the digestive tract. It connects the
mouth to the stomach, and acts as a passageway for
food. It pushes the food into the stomach, wherein
starts the process of breakdown of food into a
simpler form.
Stomach
At the end of the esophagus lies a muscular sac
called stomach. It performs the function of
storing food. Enzymes secreted by the gastric
glands present in the walls of the stomach
facilitate the breakdown of food. Stomach acid
and other digestive fluid or enzymes facilitate
the breakdown of food.
Thereafter, chyme (semi liquid mass of partially
digested food) moves along the digestive tract
through the process of peristalsis. Peristalsis
involves muscular contractions of the smooth
muscle tissue in the walls of organs of the
digestive system. Between the stomach and the
small intestine lies an opening called pylorus.
The movement of food from the stomach into
the small intestine is regulated by pyloric
sphincter valve.
Small Intestine
The absorption of nutrients takes place in the
small intestine, which is integral to the process
of digestion. It is supported or held in place by a
fold of membranous tissue called mesentery.
This tissue prevents the movement of the small
intestine in the abdominal cavity. The partially
digested food moves into the small intestine,
which is divided into duodenum and ileum.
In the small intestine, bile and pancreatic juice
aid in the process of digestion. Bile is a digestive
fluid that is produced by the liver. The largest
organ present in the body cavity, the liver
comprises three lobes. Gallbladder is a small sac
that is located under the liver. It acts as a
reservoir for bile.
Large Intestine and Cloaca
Just like humans, the large intestine in frogs also
stores the undigested food. It performs the
function of absorbing water from the food
residue. The solid waste moves towards the
cloaca. Water or liquid waste moves to the
urinary bladder. Solid as well as liquid waste is
expelled out of the body through the cloacal
opening.

Frog Organ System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Frog Organ System

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Frog Organ System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

In frog there are three

You might also like