Brain

The brain is a vital and complex organ that is protected by the skull and the
meninges. This organ consists of a number of tissues and billions of supporting
nerve cells and is connected to the spinal cord. Together with the spinal cord and
nerves, the brain is the command center and the human nervous system.

As part of the nervous system, the brain has many important functions. This organ
controls everything that happens in the body, such as thought, memory, speech,
feeling, sight, hearing, arm and leg movements, and the functions of other organs
in the body, including heart rate and breathing.

Some nerves in the brain go directly to certain body parts, such as the eyes, ears,
and other parts of the head. However, several other nerves are connected to other
parts of the body via the spinal cord to control personality, senses, and other bodily
functions, such as breathing to walking.
Heart
The heart is a hollow and muscular organ of the human body that
plays a role in the human circulatory system. The heart supplies every
cell in the body with a steady flow of oxygen and nutrients. The flow
of nutrients and oxygen is useful for the survival of body cells. Once
used by these cells, the blood is returned to the heart, and so on. The
heart has four chambers, each of which has a specific function. This
organ is located in the chest cavity just below the left lung, and is
protected by the breastbone (sternum) and ribs (costae). His heart is
about the size of an adult's fist. The heart works continuously in the
human body to pump blood and circulate blood throughout the body.
The heart circulates 14,000 liters of blood in adults every day.
Lungs
Lungs are organs of respiration (breathing) associated with the
respiratory and circulatory systems (blood circulation) in the body of
air-breathing vertebrates. Its function is to exchange oxygen from the
air with carbon dioxide from the blood. If the function of the lungs is
disturbed, then the health of the human body can be affected as a
whole. Although there are a pair, the right and left lungs have
different characteristics. For example, an adult's left lung generally
weighs about 325–550 grams, while the right lung weighs around
375–600 grams. Then, the right lung has three parts lobes while the
left lung has two lobes.
Liver
The liver is one of the organs that plays a very vital role in the human body. This organ, often called
the liver, is the largest organ in the body. This brown organ weighs about 1.5 kilograms. The liver is
located in the upper right abdominal cavity, just below the right rib. This organ has two parts, namely
the right and left. The right lobe of the liver is the largest part which is five to six times larger than
the left lobe.
Liver function
The liver has a function for overall body health. The function of the liver starts from destroying
toxins in the blood, producing protein, to helping the digestive process.
The following are other liver functions:
1. Destroys Red Blood Cells
2. Cleanse Blood
3. Producing Protein
4. Protein Metabolism
5. Nutrient Storage
6. Producing Bile Fluid and Energy
7. Producing Cholesterol and Hormones
Gallbladder
Spellen
The spleen is part of the lymph system or lymphatic system. This
purplish red organ is located in the upper left abdominal cavity,
precisely behind the stomach. The spleen is about the size of an adult's
fist with a length of about 10-12 cm and a weight of approximately 150-
200 grams, however, the size and weight of the spleen can vary from
person to person. Spleen Function: Filters red blood cells, Stores blood
reserves, Protects the body from infection, Produces white blood cells,
Part of the immune system, Produces antibodies.
Stomach
The stomach is a muscular organ and is a major part of the digestive system. The
stomach is located on the left side of the upper abdomen, and can vary in size. The
hull is connected by two channels at both ends. The upper end of the stomach is
connected to the esophagus or esophagus, the tube-like tube that connects the mouth to
the stomach. In everyone. While the lower end is connected to the small intestine,
which is an organ that resembles a tube, extending from the end of the stomach to the
large intestine. Important parts of the stomach include the cardiac, gastric body
fundus, antrum and pylorus. In addition to consisting of five important parts, the
stomach has several layers that make up its walls, namely: The innermost layer of the
stomach is the mucosa. The next layer is the submucosa layer, the outer layer is called
the muscularis propria or muscle tissue, while the outermost layer of the gastric organ
is the serosa. The function of the stomach is very important in the digestive system.
Because, in this organ food will be processed and processed in such a way that later
the nutrients from food can be absorbed by the body. The following are the three main
functions of the stomach: Holds food, Breaks down, processes and processes food,
Pushes and passes food into the intestines
Small Insentines
The small intestine or small intestine is the part of the digestive tract located between the
stomach and the large intestine. The small intestine extends from the stomach (pilorus) to the
large intestine (cecum). In adult size, the small intestine or small intestine has a length of about 6
meters. That's why the small intestine is often referred to as the longest part of the digestive
system.As one of the organs in the digestive system, the small intestine consists of several parts,
namely:

 Duodenum

The duodenum or often known as the twelve-finger intestine is the first part of the small
intestine. The duodenal part involves enzymes and bile to aid the process of food breakdown.

 Jejunum

Jejunum or often known as empty intestine is the second part of the small intestine. The inner
wall of the jejunum will work to help absorb nutrients from these foods.

 Ileum

The ileum or intestinal absorption is the final part of the small intestine. Ileum or commonly
called intestinal absorption is the third part of the small intestine. Intestinal absorption or ileum
works to help the absorption of bile acids and vitamin B12 needed by the body.
Large Insentines
The colon or large intestine is one of the advanced digestive organs of the small
intestine. The large intestine is located between the rectum and the appendix.
The main function of the large intestine is to absorb food that cannot be
absorbed by the small intestine as well as fluids and salts from food so that it is
able to balance fluids in the body.The size of the large intestine has a length of
about 1.5 meters with a diameter of about 6 cm. Leftovers that have passed
through the colon end up in the rectum, namely the mouth of the large intestine
(anus).

Function of the Large Intestine:

1. Make a consumption of liquids and salts from food through the colon.

2. Maintain the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body through the
absorption of water in the digestive tract.

3. As a place of production of vitamin K which is one of the components of

The structure of the large intestine consists of four layers including:

1. Serosa layer

2. Muscle Layer

3. Submucosal Layer4.

4. Mucosal LayerParts of the Large Intestine (Colon):

Sekum (Caecum)

Asenden Colon

Transversum Colon

Colon Desenden

Sigmoid colon

Rectum
Pancreas
The pancreas is an accessory organ in the digestive system that has two main
functions: producing digestive enzymes or exocrine functions and producing
several hormones or endocrine functions. The pancreas is located in the left upper
quadrant of the abdomen or stomach [1] and its head is attached to the duodenum.
Enzyme products are transported from the pancreas to the duodenum via the main
pancreatic duct.

Some of the functions of the pancreas are:

1. Regulates blood sugar levels through the release of glucagon, which increases
blood sugar levels by accelerating the rate of release from the liver. 2. Regulates
blood sugar[2] Reducing blood sugar levels by secreting insulin which speeds up
the flow of glucose into cells in the body, especially muscles. Insulin also
stimulates the liver to convert glucose into glycogen and store it in its cells.
Kidney
The kidneys are located on the right and left of the lumbar spine, namely in the abdominal cavity on
the back (dorsal) body wall. Kidneys function to filter blood containing metabolic waste substances
from cells throughout the body. The kidneys are red because a lot of blood is entering the kidneys.
The kidneys are composed of approximately one million filtering apparatus called nephrons. The
kidneys have three layers, namely:

1. Renal cortex or kidney skin (outer part)

2. Renal Medulla

3. Renal cavity or renal pelvis (inside and in the form of a cavity)

The following are the parts of the kidney:

4. Nephron is the main constituent unit of the kidney which plays an important role in the
process of filtering blood.

5. Malpighi body (filter component)3.

6. Glomerulus

7. Renal Medulla

8. The renal pelvis or kidney cavity serves as a temporary reservoir for urine, before being
excreted through the ureter.
The process of formation of urine in the kidneys through three stages, namely:

1. Filtration stage, produces primary urine

2. Reabsorption stage, produces secondary urine.

3. Augmentation stage, producing real urine.

Then it is channeled into the renal pelvis and out of the kidney through the
ureter to the bladder for storage.  The bladder has elastic walls and can hold
about 0.5 liters of urine.  The process of expelling urine in the bladder is
caused by pressure in the bladder.  Pressure on the bladder is caused by a
signal indicating that the bladder is full.  The full signal of the bladder triggers
contraction of the abdominal muscles and bladder muscles.  As a result of
these contractions, urine can exit the body through the urethra.