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    F4 Science Chapter 4.1

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    Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It is made up of tiny particles that are always in motion. Matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. The kinetic energy and arrangement of the particles determine the state. Changes between states, such as melting, boiling, condensation, and freezing, involve gains or losses of kinetic energy by the particles as heat is absorbed or released during the changes.

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    F4 Science Chapter 4.1

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    cmeefly
    67 views44 pages
    Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It is made up of tiny particles that are always in motion. Matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. The kinetic energy and arrangement of the particles determine the state. Changes between states, such as melting, boiling, condensation, and freezing, involve gains or losses of kinetic energy by the particles as heat is absorbed or released during the changes.

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    Matter and substances

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    Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It is made up of tiny particles that are always in motion. Matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. The kinetic energy and arrangement of the particles determine the state. Changes between states, such as melting, boiling, condensation, and freezing, involve gains or losses of kinetic energy by the particles as heat is absorbed or released during the changes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    67 views44 pages

    F4 Science Chapter 4.1

    Uploaded by

    cmeefly
    Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It is made up of tiny particles that are always in motion. Matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. The kinetic energy and arrangement of the particles determine the state. Changes between states, such as melting, boiling, condensation, and freezing, involve gains or losses of kinetic energy by the particles as heat is absorbed or released during the changes.

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    of 44

    分析

    状态 物质
    •Matter is anything that has mass 质量 and
    occupies space 占据空间.

    •All things around us have mass and occupy space.

    •Thus, we can say that everything around us is


    matter.

    •Matter does not exist存在 in vacuum真空.


    •Matter does not exist存在 in vacuum真空.
    •All things around us have mass and occupy
    space.

    •All living things and non-living things have mass


    and occupy space.
    •Matter is made up of very small particles.

    •These particles粒子 are so small that they cannot


    be seen even with a microscope.

    •There are spaces between the particles because


    they are discrete 粒子.

    •The particles of matter can move.


    Matter is made up of discrete particles

    Solid
    Matter is made up of discrete particles

    liquid
    Matter is made up of discrete particles

    Gas
    •Matter can exist in 3 different states, namely
    solid, liquid and gas.

    Matter

    Solid Liquid Gas


    •Example: ice  water steam

    Steam ( Gas )

    Water ( liquid )

    Ice ( solid)
    Characteristic Solid Liquid Gas
    Arrangement

    - Particles are - Particles are - Particles are


    packed close loosely widely separated
    to each other arranged

    Ability to be No Very difficult Easily


    compressed compressed

    Volume Fixed Fixed Changes

    Shape Fixed Follow container Fills the whole


    container
    Characteristic Solid Liquid Gas

    Force of Very strong Moderate Very weak


    attraction

    Ability to flow No Yes Diffuses in all


    direction

    Kinetic Energy Low Average High


    content
    Movement of Vibrate at fixed Move at random Move quickly at
    particles position and sometimes random and
    collide often collide
    Kinetic Theory of Matter
    Matter is made up of tiny细小 particles粒子.

    The particles are always vibrate振动 or


    move in constant不变 motion移动.

    The particles have kinetic energy动能.


    When temperature rises, the particles obtain
    得到 more kinetic energy and move faster.
    Melting (absorbs吸收 heat热能)
    Solid Liquid

    • When the solid is heated, the particles gain more


    kinetic energy. The kinetic energy increase.
    • The particles move faster.
    • Eventually最后 the particles move out their fixed
    positions and become liquid.
    Boiling (absorbs heat吸收热能)
    Liquid Gas

    • When the liquid is heated, the particles gain more


    kinetic energy. The kinetic energy increase.
    • The particles move faster.
    • Eventually the particles are able to overcome克服 the
    forces of attraction 吸引力and become gas.
    Condensation (releases heat释放热能)
    Gas (steam) Liquid

    • When the gas is cooled, the particles lose their kinetic


    energy.
    • The particles move slowly.
    • Eventually, the movement of the particles become slow
    enough for gas to change into a liquid.
    Freezing (releases heat释放热能)
    Liquid Solid

    • When the liquid is cooled, the particles lose more kinetic


    energy.
    • The particles move slower.
    • Eventually 最后the particles no longer have enough
    energy to move freely.
    Sublimation 升华(absorb heat)
    Solid Gas

    • Sublimation is the process change of a solid directly to


    gas e.g. iodine碘, dry ice and naphthalene萘.
    萘
    Condensation冷却

    Gas
    Boiling沸腾 ( Steam )

    Freezing 凝固
    liquid
    Melting 溶解 升华
    Sublimation

    solid
    • Freezing is the physical process that takes place
    when water changes into ice.

    • The temperature at which water freezers to form ice


    is called the freezing point of water.

    Freezing point of water = 0 0C

    Freezing 凝固

    solid liquid
    • Boiling is the physical process in which water
    changes into steam.

    • The temperature at which water boils to produce


    steam is called the boiling point of water.
    Boiling point of water = 100 0C

    Boiling沸腾

    Gas ( Steam )
    liquid

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