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    Revolution and The Early Republic

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    alikhan
    The document discusses the American Revolution and early republic from 1763 to 1800, including how the colonists declared independence from Britain and won the Revolutionary War, the writing of the Constitution and establishment of the new government under George Washington, and the emergence of the first political parties in the United States. Key events included the Declaration of Independence, the Revolutionary War, debates around the Constitution and establishment of the new government, and Washington's presidency as the first political divisions emerged.

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    Revolution and The Early Republic

    Uploaded by

    alikhan
    16 views32 pages
    The document discusses the American Revolution and early republic from 1763 to 1800, including how the colonists declared independence from Britain and won the Revolutionary War, the writing of the Constitution and establishment of the new government under George Washington, and the emergence of the first political parties in the United States. Key events included the Declaration of Independence, the Revolutionary War, debates around the Constitution and establishment of the new government, and Washington's presidency as the first political divisions emerged.

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    The document discusses the American Revolution and early republic from 1763 to 1800, including how the colonists declared independence from Britain and won the Revolutionary War, the writing of the Constitution and establishment of the new government under George Washington, and the emergence of the first political parties in the United States. Key events included the Declaration of Independence, the Revolutionary War, debates around the Constitution and establishment of the new government, and Washington's presidency as the first political divisions emerged.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    16 views32 pages

    Revolution and The Early Republic

    Uploaded by

    alikhan
    The document discusses the American Revolution and early republic from 1763 to 1800, including how the colonists declared independence from Britain and won the Revolutionary War, the writing of the Constitution and establishment of the new government under George Washington, and the emergence of the first political parties in the United States. Key events included the Declaration of Independence, the Revolutionary War, debates around the Constitution and establishment of the new government, and Washington's presidency as the first political divisions emerged.

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    of 32

    Revolution and the Early Republic,

    17631800
    Colonists declare their independence and win
    a war to gain the right to govern themselves.
    Leaders meet to write the Constitution. George
    Washington guides the new nation as two major
    political parties emerge. The country also faces
    conflict with European nations.

    NEXT

    Revolution and the Early Republic,


    17631800
    SECTION 1

    Colonial Resistance and Rebellion

    SECTION 2

    The War for Independence

    SECTION 3

    Confederation and the Constitution

    SECTION 4

    Launching the Nation

    NEXT

    Section 1

    Colonial Resistance
    and Rebellion
    Conflicts between Great Britain and the American
    colonies escalate, until the colonists finally declare
    their independence.

    NEXT

    SECTION

    Colonial Resistance and Rebellion

    The Colonies Organize to Resist Britain


    The Sugar Act
    King George IIIBritish king during the American
    Revolution
    Writs of assistance allow searches for smuggled
    goods, even in homes
    Prime Minister Grenville passes Sugar Act to end
    colonial smuggling
    Sugar Acttaxes on imports changed
    Violators tried by vice-admiralty court, not colonial
    court
    Merchants and traders fear reduced profits

    Continued . . .
    NEXT

    SECTION

    1
    continued The

    Colonies Organize to Resist Britain

    The Stamp Act


    Stamp Act (1765) taxes printed items like wills and
    newspapers
    Colonial assemblies protest lack of representation in
    Parliament
    Merchants in New York, Boston, Philadelphia boycott
    British goods
    Parliament repeals Stamp Act (1766), passes
    Declaratory Act same day
    Townshend Acts tax imports from Britain, like paint,
    paper, tea
    Samuel Adams, a founder of the Sons of Liberty,
    leads new boycott

    NEXT

    SECTION

    Tension Mounts in Massachusetts


    Violence Erupts in Boston
    Boston MassacreBritish guards fire on a
    colonial mob, kill five
    Lord North, prime minister, has most of the
    Townshend Acts repealed

    The Boston Tea Party


    Tea Act lets British East India Co. avoid tax;
    undercuts colonists
    Boston Tea Partydisguised Boston rebels
    dump tea into Boston harbor

    The Intolerable Acts


    Intolerable Acts close Boston harbor; place
    Boston under martial law
    In 1774 First Continental Congress meets,
    declares colonial rights

    NEXT

    SECTION

    The Road to Revolution


    Fighting at Lexington and Concord
    700 British troops march to Concord to disarm
    colonial militia
    At Lexington, British soldiers fight 70 minutemen,
    8 colonists killed
    British find Concords arsenal empty; return to
    Boston, are ambushed

    The Second Continental Congress


    Congress forms Continental Army; George
    Washington in command

    The Battle of Bunker Hill


    2,400 British battle militia on Breeds Hill, suffer
    1,000 casualties
    King George III rejects Continental Congresss
    Olive Branch Petition

    NEXT

    SECTION

    The Patriots Declare Independence


    The Ideas Behind the Revolution
    1760s to 1770sEnlightenment ideas spread
    throughout colonies
    John Locke, English philosopher, influences
    colonists:
    - people have natural rights to life, liberty, property
    - people consent to obey a government that protects
    these rights
    - people can resist or overthrow government
    British have religious, legal tradition of civil and
    property rights

    Continued . . .
    NEXT

    SECTION

    1
    continued The

    Patriots Declare Independence

    Thomas Paines Common Sense


    Common Sensepamphlet attacking King George
    and monarchy
    Argues for independence, influences many colonists

    Declaring Independence
    Congress appoints committee to prepare declaration
    to Britain
    Thomas Jefferson, Virginia lawyer, writes document
    Declaration of Independence is colonies formal
    statement of freedom
    Lists British violations and colonists rights as citizens
    July 4, 1776 delegates adopt declaration

    NEXT

    Section 2

    The War for Independence

    Key American victories reverse British advances


    during the American Revolutionary War.

    NEXT

    SECTION

    The War for Independence

    The War Begins


    Loyalists and Patriots
    Loyalistscolonists who support King George III
    and Britain
    Patriotscolonists in favor of independence from
    Britain

    Early Victories and Defeats


    British take New York in 1776; Washington retreats
    to Pennsylvania
    Washington takes Trenton; British take
    Philadelphia in 1777

    Continued . . .
    NEXT

    SECTION

    2
    continued The

    War Begins

    Saratoga and Valley Forge


    SaratogaPatriots victory convinces French to aid
    Continental Army
    Valley Forgewinter camp where Continental Army
    loses over 2,000 (1778)

    NEXT

    SECTION

    Life During the Revolution


    Economic Changes During the War
    Congress prints paper money, causing inflation
    rising prices
    Robert Morris and Haym Salomon raise money to
    pay Continental Army
    Women manage homes, businesses; some fight
    in war
    Many slaves escape during the war; about 5,000
    join Continental Army

    NEXT

    SECTION

    Winning the War


    Foreign Military Aid
    Marquis de Lafayetteencourages France to send
    reinforcements, 1779
    European military leaders help train the Continental
    Army

    The British Move South


    Charles Cornwallis, British general, wins many
    southern victories
    He camps at Yorktown, plans to take Virginia

    The British Surrender at Yorktown


    Cornwallis is surrounded at Yorktown, surrenders in
    October 1781
    Treaty of Paris (1783) establishes colonial
    independence and borders
    NEXT

    SECTION

    The War Becomes a Symbol of Liberty


    New Ideas After the War
    War stimulates egalitarianismbelief in equality
    of all people
    In 1780s, egalitarianism applies to white men only
    Women have few legal or political rights
    African Americans still face slavery or
    discrimination
    Native Americans continue to be pushed off their
    land by settlers

    NEXT

    Section 3

    Confederation and
    the Constitution
    American leaders create the Constitution as a
    blueprint of government for the United States.

    NEXT

    SECTION

    Confederation and the Constitution

    Experimenting with Confederation


    Plans for a New Government
    Many people want a republicrule through
    elected representatives
    Some fear democracygovernment directly by the
    people

    Continued . . .
    NEXT

    SECTION

    3
    continued Experimenting

    with Confederation

    The Articles of Confederation


    Congress creates laws to unite 13 statesArticles
    of Confederation
    All states ratify (1781); Articles create weak central
    government
    Confederation solves problem of Northwest Territory:
    - Land Ordinance of 1785plan for surveying the
    Northwest Territory
    - Northwest Ordinance of 1787plan to divide
    land into 35 new states

    Continued . . .
    NEXT

    SECTION

    3
    continued Experimenting

    with Confederation

    Shayss Rebellion
    Shayss RebellionDaniel Shays leads protest
    of Massachusetts taxes
    He and 1,200 farmers attempt to raid arsenal
    (1787)
    State militia kills four; nation calls for a stronger
    national government
    12 states participate in convention to create
    stronger government

    NEXT

    SECTION

    Creating a New Government


    Conflict and Compromise
    James Madison proposes Virginia Plan
    representation based on population
    Small states favor New Jersey Planeach state
    has an equal vote
    Great Compromise establishes Senate and House
    of Representatives
    Three-Fifths Compromise counts three-fifths of
    slaves as population

    Division of Powers
    Delegates create Federalist government with
    three branches
    Federalismpower divided between national
    and state governments
    Continued . . .
    NEXT

    SECTION

    3
    continued Creating

    a New Government

    Separation of Powers

    Legislative branch makes laws


    Executive branch enforces laws
    Judicial branch interprets laws
    Checks and balancessystem preventing any
    branch from dominating

    Changing the Constitution


    Delegates create process to amend, or change,
    the Constitution

    NEXT

    SECTION

    Ratifying the Constitution


    Getting the States Approval
    Ratificationapproval of Constitution by states;
    nine votes needed

    Federalists and Antifederalists


    Federalistsfavor the Constitutions balance of
    power
    Antifederalistsagainst Constitution, want Bill of
    Rights
    Federalists promise Bill of Rights, Constitution
    ratified June 1788

    Adoption of a Bill of Rights


    Bill of Rightsfirst ten amendments, guarantee
    citizens rights
    NEXT

    SECTION

    Continuing Relevance of the Constitution


    A Living Document
    Constitution is oldest written national constitution still
    in use
    Constitutions elastic clause allows expansion of
    government power
    Amendment process is difficult to prevent arbitrary
    changes
    Only 27 amendments passed in the last 200 years

    NEXT

    Section 4

    Launching the Nation


    With George Washington as its first president, the
    United States begins creating a working
    government for its new nation.

    NEXT

    SECTION

    Launching the Nation

    Washington Heads the New Government


    Judiciary Act of 1789
    Judiciary Act of 1789federal courts are
    superior to state courts

    Washington Shapes the Executive Branch


    Congress creates three executive departments to
    help president govern
    Thomas Jefferson heads Department of State,
    foreign affairs
    Henry Knox heads Department of War, military
    matters
    Alexander Hamilton heads Department of
    Treasury, finances
    Cabinetthese department heads become
    Continued . . .
    presidents chief advisors
    NEXT

    SECTION

    4
    continued Washington

    Heads the New Government

    Hamilton and Jefferson: Two Conflicting


    Visions
    Jefferson favors weak central government and
    farming economy
    Hamilton favors strong central government and
    commercial economy

    Hamiltons Economic Plan


    Hamilton wants to pay off national debts from the
    Revolution
    He also wants a national bank to print money,
    handle taxes
    James Madison and others say government lacks
    power to create bank
    Hamilton favors loose, Madison strict
    Continued . . .
    interpretation of Constitution

    NEXT

    SECTION

    4
    continued Washington

    Heads the New Government

    The First Political Parties


    Two-party systemtwo political groups within the
    government
    Federalists favor Hamilton, want strong central
    government
    Democratic-Republicans favor Jefferson, want
    strong state governments

    The Whiskey Rebellion


    Protective tariffimport tax to encourage
    American production
    An excise tax levied on whiskey angers whiskey
    producers
    Pennsylvania producers attack tax collectors;
    federal militia responds
    NEXT

    SECTION

    Challenges at Home and Abroad


    Addressing Foreign Affairs
    French monarchy overthrown (1789); France at
    war with Britain (1793)
    Federalists support Britain, DemocraticRepublicans support France
    Washington keeps country neutral and warns
    against alliances

    Challenges in the Northwest


    Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) U.S. military
    defeats Native Americans

    Jays Treaty
    British evacuate Northwest Territory posts but
    continue fur trade
    Did not settle Caribbean trade dispute; treaty
    barely passes Senate

    NEXT

    SECTION

    Adams Provokes Criticism


    Parties and Sectionalism
    Federalist John Adams becomes president
    Democratic-Republican Jefferson becomes
    vice-president

    Adams Tries to Avoid War


    France seizes U.S. ships to retaliate for U.S. treaty
    with Britain
    XYZ Affairlow-level French officials demand
    bribe from Americans
    U.S. and France seize each others ships;
    Adams rejects war

    Continued . . .
    NEXT

    SECTION

    4
    continued Adams

    Provokes Criticism

    The Alien and Sedition Acts


    Federalists curb critics of government, pass Alien
    and Sedition Acts:
    - restrict citizenship, free speech; aimed at
    Democratic-Republicans
    - raise residency requirements, allow jailing or
    deportation
    - allow jailing or fining people expressing antigovernment views

    Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions


    Jefferson, Madison organize state opposition in
    Kentucky, Virginia
    Nullificationwhen a state invalidates laws it
    deems unconstitutional
    NEXT

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