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    Govt Unit 1 CH 2 Notes Teacher Num 2 F 14

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    Ari Slaughter
    The document summarizes key concepts about the origins of government in British North American colonies and the establishment of government under the United States Constitution. It discusses the basic concepts of government that English colonists brought, including the need for order, limited government, and representative rule. Important historical documents that influenced American government are also mentioned, such as the Magna Carta. The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and calls for a stronger national government led to the Constitutional Convention. The document outlines the compromises reached at the Convention to create the US system of federalism and separation of powers.

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    Govt Unit 1 CH 2 Notes Teacher Num 2 F 14

    Uploaded by

    Ari Slaughter
    52 views6 pages
    The document summarizes key concepts about the origins of government in British North American colonies and the establishment of government under the United States Constitution. It discusses the basic concepts of government that English colonists brought, including the need for order, limited government, and representative rule. Important historical documents that influenced American government are also mentioned, such as the Magna Carta. The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and calls for a stronger national government led to the Constitutional Convention. The document outlines the compromises reached at the Convention to create the US system of federalism and separation of powers.

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    The document summarizes key concepts about the origins of government in British North American colonies and the establishment of government under the United States Constitution. It discusses the basic concepts of government that English colonists brought, including the need for order, limited government, and representative rule. Important historical documents that influenced American government are also mentioned, such as the Magna Carta. The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and calls for a stronger national government led to the Constitutional Convention. The document outlines the compromises reached at the Convention to create the US system of federalism and separation of powers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    52 views6 pages

    Govt Unit 1 CH 2 Notes Teacher Num 2 F 14

    Uploaded by

    Ari Slaughter
    The document summarizes key concepts about the origins of government in British North American colonies and the establishment of government under the United States Constitution. It discusses the basic concepts of government that English colonists brought, including the need for order, limited government, and representative rule. Important historical documents that influenced American government are also mentioned, such as the Magna Carta. The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and calls for a stronger national government led to the Constitutional Convention. The document outlines the compromises reached at the Convention to create the US system of federalism and separation of powers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Government Unit 1 Ch.

    2 Notes Teacher #2 Fall 14


    Name _______________________________ Class Period ___

    Basic Concepts of Government


    The English colonists in America brought with them three main concepts:
    • The need for an ordered social system, or government.
    • The idea of limited government, that is, that government should not be all-powerful.
    • The concept of representative government — a government that serves the will of the
    people.
    • John Locke built his theory of government around the belief in natural rights. Quiz U1Ch.2 Q5

    Important English Documents


    The way our government works today can be traced to important documents in history:

    Section 1 Assessment
    1. All of the following are basic concepts of government brought to the colonies by English settlers
    EXCEPT
    (a) the need for limited government.
    (b) the need for a representative government.
    (c) the need for an autocratic government.
    (d) the need for an ordered social system.
    2. Which of the following was not one of the rights granted in the Magna Carta?
    (a) the right to private property.
    (b) the right to a trial by jury.
    (c) the right to freedom of religion.
    (d) the right to undergo due process of the law.

    British Colonial Policies


    • Until the mid-1700s, the colonies were allowed a great deal of freedom in their governments by
    the English monarchy.
    • In 1760, King George III imposed new taxes and laws on the colonists. Quiz U1Ch.2 Q4
    • The colonists started a confederation, proposed an annual congress, and began to rebel.
    Growing Colonial Unity
    Early Attempts
    • In 1643, several New England settlements formed the New England Confederation.
    • A confederation is a joining of several groups for a common purpose.
    The Albany Plan
    • In 1754, Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union, in which an annual congress of
    delegates (representatives) from each of the 13 colonies would be formed.
    The Stamp Act Congress
    • In 1765, a group of colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York.
    • These delegates prepared the Declaration of Rights and Grievances against British policies and
    sent it to the king.

    The Continental Congresses


    First Continental Congress
    • The colonists sent a Declaration of Rights to King George III.
    • The delegates urged each of the colonies to refuse all trade with England until British tax and trade
    regulations were repealed, or recalled.
    Second Continental Congress
    • In 1775, each of the 13 colonies sent representatives to this gathering in Philadelphia.
    • The Second Continental Congress served as the first government of the United States from 1776 to
    1781.

    American Independence
    • On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.
    • The idea that the people have the right to abolish an abusive and unresponsive government was
    FIRST formally expressed by Americans in the Declaration of Independence. Quiz U1Ch.2 Q7
    • Government derives its power to govern from the people and no person has a inherent right to
    govern another person. Quiz U1Ch.2 Q17

    American Independence
    • The Declaration of Independence a justification of the American Revolution Quiz U1Ch.2 Q2
    • The primary author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson Quiz U1Ch.2 Q6
    • Between 1776 and 1777, most of the States adopted constitutions instead of charters.

    Common Features of State Constitutions Quiz U1C2?1


    Section 2 Assessment
    1. The Declaration of Independence was signed in
    (a) 1765.
    (b) 1776.
    (c) 1781.
    (d) 1787.
    2. The Stamp Act of 1765 was a law enacted by the British that
    (a) increased the colonists’ taxes.
    (b) was repealed by the Magna Carta.
    (c) the colonists ratified one year later.
    (d) raised the price of postage stamps by two cents.

    The Critical Period


    • Which feature did the State constitutions and the Articles of Confederation have in common with
    the principle of popular sovereignty Quiz U1 Ch.2 Q1

    The Articles of Confederation


    The Articles of Confederation established “a firm league of friendship” among the States.
    Powers
    Congress was given the power to declare war, deal with national finance issues, and settle disputes
    among the States.
    Obligations
    The States promised to obey Congress, and to respect the laws of the other States. Most other powers
    were retained by each State.

    Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation


    • One vote for each State, regardless of size.
    • Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes or duties.
    • Congress powerless to regulate foreign and interstate commerce.

    Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation


    • No executive to enforce acts of Congress.
    • No national court system.
    • Amendment only with consent of all States.
    • A 9/13 majority required to pass laws.
    • Articles only a “firm league of friendship.”

    A Call for a Stronger Government


    • After the Revolutionary War, the National Government proved too weak to deal with growing
    economic and political problems. Quiz U1 Ch.2 Q

    Section 3 Assessment
    1. The government set up by the Articles of Confederation had
    (a) the power to make treaties and build a navy.
    (b) a bicameral congress.
    (c) separation of powers.
    (d) a President to carry out its laws.
    2. Which of the following was a weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
    (a) Congress could not make treaties.
    (b) Congress could not borrow money.
    (c) The States did not agree to obey the Articles.
    (d) Congress could not lay or collect taxes or duties.

    Creating the Constitution


    • The original purpose of the Constitution Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation.
    Quiz U1Ch.2 Q8

    Creating the Constitution


    • Most of the farmers were wealthy land owners. Quiz U1Ch.2 Q10

    Framers of the Constitution


    Leaders of the Philadelphia Convention
    • James Madison “Father of the Constitution” was the co-author of the Articles of Confederation.
    Quiz U1Ch.2 Q9
    • Governor Morris was a lawyer who helped develop the U.S. system of money.
    • Alexander Hamilton was a lawyer who favored a strong central government.
    • George Washington was the successful leader of the Continental Army.

    Different Constitutional Plans

    The Virginia Plan


    • Three branches of government
    • Bicameral legislature
    • “National Executive” and “National Judiciary”
    The New Jersey Plan
    • Unicameral Congress
    • Equal representation for States of different sizes
    • More than one federal executive

    Constitutional Compromises
    The Connecticut Compromise
    • Delegates agreed on a bicameral Congress, one segment with equal representation for States, and
    the other with representation proportionate to the States’ populations. Quiz U1Ch.2 Q11
    • The compromise reached between the Virginia and New Jersey plans led to the Constitutional
    Convention of 1787. Quiz U1Ch.2 Q11
    The Three-Fifths Compromise
    • The Framers decided to count a slave as three-fifths of a person when determining the population
    of a State. Quiz U1Ch.2 Q12
    The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
    • Congress was forbidden from taxing exported goods, and was not allowed to act on the slave
    trade for 20 years.
    Influences on and Reactions to the New Constitution
    Influences
    • The Framers were familiar with the political writings of their time, such as works by Jean Jacques
    Rousseau and John Locke.
    • They also were seasoned, variously, by the Second Continental Congress, the Articles of
    Confederation and experiences with their own State governments.
    • The Framers of the Constitution favor the concept of limited government in order to prevent the
    abuse power by the central government. Quiz U1Ch.2 Q13
    Reactions
    • When the Constitution was complete, the Framers’ opinions of their work varied. Some were
    disappointed, like George Mason of Virginia, who opposed the Constitution until his death in 1792.
    • Most agreed with Ben Franklin’s thoughts when he said, “From such an assembly [of fallible men]
    can a perfect production be expected? It…astonishes me, Sir, to find this system approaching so
    near to perfection as it does…” Quiz U1Ch.2 Q13

    Section 4 Assessment
    1. The first national government for the United States was
    (a) the First Continental Congress.
    (b) the Second Continental Congress.
    (c) the Articles of Confederation.
    (d) the Constitution of the United States.
    2. The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia involved delegates from each of the following states
    except
    (a) Maryland.
    (b) Rhode Island.
    (c) New York.
    (d) Virginia.

    Ratifying the Constitution


    • Who were the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists?
    • The Federalist Papers were written to win support for the Constitution Quiz U1Ch.2 Q3

    The Federalists and Anti-Federalists


    The Constitution was very controversial at first, with some groups supporting it, and others attacking it.
    Federalists thought that the Articles of Confederation were weak, and argued for the ratification of the
    Constitution and they wanted a strong central government. Quiz U1Ch.2 Q3

    The Federalists and Anti-Federalists


    Anti-Federalists objected to the Constitution for many reasons, including the strong central government
    and the lack of a bill of rights.
    The Federalist v. Anti-Federalist conflict over the ratification of the new Constitution was settled by the
    Federalists’ agreement to amend the original document by adding the Bill of Rights Quiz U1Ch.2 Q14
    Section 5 Assessment
    1.The debate over the ratification of the Constitution was won by the
    (a) Anti-Federalists.
    (b) Whigs.
    (c) Federalists.
    (d) Tories.
    2.The temporary capital of the United States where Congress met in 1789 was
    (a) Washington, D.C.
    (b) Philadelphia.
    (c) New York.
    (d) Mount Vernon.

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