PETIT SEMINAIRE SAINT LEON KABGAYI Date: 09/12/2024

FIRST TERM EXAMINATIONS, 2024/2025

CHEMISTRY EXAM for Senior 6

(MCB & PCM)
 Instructions:
This paper consists of 12 questions
 Attempt all questions. Give succinct answers
 Separate answers of two different questions using a horizontal line
 Total marks: 90 marks & Duration: 3 hours
 Examiner: Clément NGIRABATWARE
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Question 1 [5 marks]
(a) In the extraction of iron, the ore is mixed with limestone and coke, and then heated in a blast furnace.
(i) State two roles/functions of the coke used in the blast furnace. (2 marks)
(ii) Describe how silica (sand) impurities are removed by limestone. Include equations of the occurring
reactions. (2 marks)
(b) There is a process used in the extraction of metals in which the metals are converted into liquid state by
supplying heat at a temperature slightly above their melting point, pure metal melts and flows down from the
furnace leaving the impurities behind. What is the term used to refer to this process? (1 mark)

Question 2 [5 marks]
(a) The repeating unit shown below represents the polymer commonly known as poly(vinyl acetate) or PVA.
H

CH2 C
(i) Name the type of this PVA polymer. (1 mark)
(ii) Draw the structure of the monomer which is used to make PVA.
O (1 mark)
(iii) Draw the structures of the products formed when PVA reacts with
C O an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide. (2 marks)

CH3
(b) Nylon is a condensation polymer. There exist nylon-6 and nylon-6,6.
Draw a repeating unit in nylon-6. (1 mark)

Question 3 [5 marks]
(a) The reactions of C6H5N(CH3)2 are similar to the reactions of phenol.
(i) Draw the organic product that is formed from the tri-substitution of C6H5N(CH3)2 with chlorine. (1 mark)
(ii) Give a reason why chlorine reacts much more readily with C6H5N(CH3)2 than with benzene. (1 mark)
(b) A student investigates reactions of aromatic compounds. The student first carries out the reaction shown
below.
OH OH

+ FeCl3
+ HCl
Cl
HO HO
Quinol Compound X

The student obtains a very low yield of compound X.

The student obtains a much higher yield of a different organic product with molecular formula C14H22O2.
(i) Suggest an identity for the organic product C14H22O2 by drawing its structure. (1 mark)
(ii) The student is told by a friend that the FeCl3 catalyst is not needed because quinol is more reactive than
benzene.
Explain why the student’s friend is correct. You may draw a diagram to support your answer. (2 marks)

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Question 4 [5 marks]
0.609 grams of ethanoic acid (C2H4O2) dissolve in 200 grams of benzene to form a solution that lowers the freezing
point of benzene to 5.40oC. [Ar: C=12, H=1, O=16].
(a) Determine the molecular weight of ethanoic acid in this experiment. (3 marks)
(b) Explain why the molecular weight does not match with the known molecular formula of ethanoic acid.
[Freezing point of pure benzene is 5.53oC and Kf (benzene) = 5.12°C kg mol-1]. (2 marks)

Question 5 [6 marks]
(a) The frequency, v, of light absorbed by a transition metal complex ion can be determined using the relationship
ΔE = hv. Give two factors which result in a change in the frequency of light absorbed as a result of the reaction
of a complex ion. (2 marks)
(b) Explain why co-ordinate bonds can be formed between transition metal ions and water molecules. (2 marks)
(c) Titanium (IV) chloride reacts with propanone to form a complex compound in which two molecules of
propanone have combined with one molecule of titanium (IV) chloride. Draw a possible structure for the
complex formed, indicating clearly which atoms are bonded to titanium. (2 marks)

Question 6 [6 marks]
(a) Oleocanthal, Q, is a natural compound found in olive oil. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
and is thought to have a protective effect against Alzheimer’s disease.
When 40.0 cm3 of hexane was shaken with 10.0 cm3 of a solution containing 0.25 g of Q in 10.0 cm3 of
methanol, it was found that 0.060 g of Q was extracted into the hexane. Calculate the partition coefficient,
Kpartition, of Q between hexane and methanol. (2 marks)
(b) If 0.500 grams of caffeine is dissolved in 100 mL of water, what percentage of caffeine can be separated from the
water using twice 40 mL samples of CH2Cl2? The distribution coefficient (KD) is 4.6 (4 marks)

Question 7 [8 marks]
(a) A moss killer contains iron (II) sulphate. Some of the iron (II) sulphate gets oxidised to form iron (III) sulphate.
(i) Write the electronic configuration for Fe3+ and use it to explain why iron is a transition element.
[Atomic number of iron (Fe) is 26] (2 marks)
(ii) State four typical properties of compounds of a transition element. (2 marks)
(iii) Describe how aqueous sodium hydroxide can be used to distinguish between aqueous iron (II) sulphate and
aqueous iron (III) sulphate. (2 marks)
(b) Water is a simple molecule. The H—O—H bond angle in an isolated water molecule is 104.5°. The diagram
shows part of the [Cu(H2O)6]2+ ion and the H—O—H bond angle in the water ligand.

Explain why the H—O—H bond angle in the water ligand is 107° rather than 104.5°.
(2 marks)

Question 8 [10 marks]

(a) When the salt is used on icy roads, the water on the roads will not freeze at the normal 0oC but at a lower
temperature, under ideal conditions to as low as –9oC. Explain this phenomenon. (2 marks)
(b) 30.0 mL of pentane (C5H12, d = 0.626 g/mL, v.p. = 511 torr) and 45.0 mL of hexane (C6H14, d = 0.655 g/mL,
v.p. = 150 torr) are mixed at 25.0 °C to form an ideal solution. [Ar: C=12, H=1]
(i) Calculate the vapour pressure of this solution. (3 marks)
(ii) Calculate the composition (mole fractions) of the vapour in contact with this solution. (2 marks)
(c) An 18.2% by mass aqueous solution of an electrolyte (molar mass = 162.2 g/mol) is prepared. If the vapour
pressure of the solution is 23.51 torr, into how many ions does the electrolyte dissociate? The vapour pressure
of water at this temperature is 26.02 torr. (3 marks)
Question 9 [10 marks]
Metals and their alloys are extensively used in our day-to-day life. The study of recovery of metals from their ores is
very important.
(a) State two factors which determine the choice of reduction method used for the extraction of metals from their
ores. (2 marks)
(b) State and explain two environmental major problems associated with the extraction of metals from their oxides
or sulphides. (2 marks)

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(c) Malachite is a naturally occurring form of copper carbonate. Outline how a sample of pure copper metal could
be obtained from large lumps of malachite in the laboratory. Copper is one of the least reactive metals. Your
answer should include any chemicals used and conditions. (4 marks)
(d) Aluminium is manufactured by electrolysis of its ore. The follow diagram shows its electrolysis cell.

State what is represented by each of A, B, C and D. (2 marks)

Question 10 [10 marks]

(a) The structure of benzaldehyde allows it to undergo Cannizzaro reaction. This reaction is an example of a general
class of reactions known as the disproportionation reactions.
(i) Why this Cannizzaro reaction is classified as disproportionation reaction? (1 mark)
(ii) Write an equation for this Cannizzaro reaction undergone by benzaldehyde (include the reaction conditions).
(2 marks)
(b) When phenylamine is treated with propanoyl chloride a white crystalline compound, X, C9H11NO, is formed.
Draw the structural formula of X. (1 mark)
(c) Write equations (successively) of reactions using structural formulae and appropriate reagents (and conditions)
required for the conversion of:
(i) Benzene to Phenylethene. (3 marks)

CH=CH2

(ii) Benzoic acid to 3-aminomethylbenzene. (3 marks)

COOH NH2

CH3

Question 11 [10 marks]

(a) A biochemical engineer isolates a bacterial gene fragment and dissolves a 17.6 mg sample of the material in
enough water to make 31.5 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution is 0.340 torr at 25.0 °C.
(i) What is the molar mass of the gene fragment? (3 marks)
(ii) If the solution density is 0.997 g/mL, what is the freezing point depression for this aqueous solution?
[Kf(water) = 1.86°C kg mol-1, Ideal gas constant (R) = 0.082 atm L mol-1 K-1] (3 marks)
(b) The compound Q gave the following elemental analysis: 40.0% C, 6.67% H, 53.3% O by mass. A 0.500 g sample
of Q was dissolved in 50.0 g of benzene, and the resulting depression in freezing point was 0.42°C.
Determine the molecular formula of the compound Q. [Ar: C=12, H=1, O=16; Kf = 5.12°C kg mol-1] (4 marks)

Question 12 [10 marks]

Mesalazine (5-aminosaicyclic acid or simply 5-ASA), a drug used to treat ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, can
be synthesised from salicylic acid in two steps.

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(a) Give the IUPAC name of “mesalazine”. (1 mark)
(b) Using only the equations of the reactions happening, suggest a two-step synthesis to prepare mesalazine from
salicylic acid. (2 marks)
(c) Mesalazine reacts with acids to form salts. Explain how mesalazine is able to react with acids and write the
structure formed by its reaction with HBr. (2 marks)
(d) Mesalazine reacts in another two-stage process as shown below.

(i) Draw the structures of organic compounds A and B that are missing in the provided boxes. (2 marks)
(ii) What is the name given to the reaction of the formation of the compound A from mesalazine. (1 mark)
(iii) What do you think can be observed when compound A is treated with compound B. (1 mark)
(iv) What is the name used to refer to the reactions such as that occurred between compound A and compound
B? (1 mark)

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