Muic Reviewer

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 8

MUSIC REVIEWER

1st Quarter
Elements of Music • Phase – short musical idea, usually described like a
sentence.
Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Instruments • Section – a few phrases put together, like a paragraph.
• Form and Structure – describes the order of the
Aerophone – produce sound primarily by causing a sections
body of air to vibrate because of the air blown inside. • Binary Form – a piece of music with 2 sections.
• Ternary Form – a piece of music with 3 sections, but
Chordophone – produce sound through its vibrating the 1st section comes back or “turns” around being the
string or strings that is either plucked, strummed, or last section.
used with a bow.
Harmony
Idiophone – produce sound by the vibration of its body - is the sound created when two or more pitches are
caused by the way they’re being struck, scraped, rubbed, performed at the same time to form a chord.
shaken or plucked. - In modern music, the harmony often comes from
instruments like the guitar and piano.
Membranophone – produce sound primarily by the - These instruments often play chords that support the
way of a vibrating stretched membrane tapped by hands main melody, which is typically performed by a singer.
or sticks.
Melody
Electrophone – produce sounds which are generated by - is a series of pitches that make a tune.
electricity. - based from a succession of scales, such as major scale.

Elements of Music Rhythm


- is music's pattern in time, or how long or short the
Dynamics sound is.
- refers to the volume of a piece of music. - refers to the length of time between each major "beat",
- Music can be described as loud, or soft, or there could or accent, such as in a piece of music.
be gradual changes from loud to soft, or soft to loud, - it is the sequence of sounds and silences which make
depending on the performer’s interpretation of the up the rhythm.
music.
Tempo
• Crescendo – gradual increase of volume over time (< - can be defined as the pace or speed at which a section
or cresc.) of music is played.
- it is measured in bpm, or beats per minute.
• Decrescendo/diminuendo – gradual decrease of • Prestissimo – Very very fast (>200bpm)
volume over time. (> or decrease. /dim.) • Presto – Very fast (168- 200bpm)
• Allegro – Fast (120-168bpm)
• PP = pianissimo – Very Soft • Moderato – Moderately (108-120bpm)
• P = Piano – Soft • Andante – Walking pace (76-108bpm)
• mP = Mezzo Piano - Moderately Soft • Adagio – Slow and stately (66-76bpm)
• mf = Mezzo Forte – Moderately Loud • Lento/Largo – Very slow (40-66bpm)
• f = Forte - Loud • Grave – Slow and solemn (20-40bpm)
• ff = Fortissimo – Very Loud
Texture
Form - refers to the number of instruments or voices that
- also known as the structure of a piece music contribute to the overall density of the music.
- refers to the order and arrangement of the different
parts. • Octaves – distance between two musical pitches that
- Music vocabulary such as introduction, verse, chorus, sounds almost the same, but one is higher and one is
bridge, solo, in and outro are common music terms that lower.
can be used to describe most rock or pop music.
• Monophonic - it is an orchestra of wind and percussion instruments
- compose of one melody (gong-chimes and xylophones being the most important
- playing the same thing at the same time among them), having its origins in Khmer Empire era
- does not matter if singing in octaves and representing part of the Southeast Asian Gong-
- does not matter if drums are present of not chime Orchestras culture. Nowadays it is still played in
Cambodia.
• Homophonic - Pinpeat ensemble is similar to the piphat ensemble of
- when a melody is supported by a harmony Thailand and usually consists of 9 or 10 instruments.

• Polyphonic Musical Instruments


- can occur when two separate different melodies occur
at the same time and simultaneously Idiophones

• Heterophonic • Oneat
- occurs when two or more versions of the melody
happening at the same time.

Timbre
- refers to the unique sound quality of an instrument.
- also known as “tone”

Tonality
- refers to the overall sound of the music.
- is an organized system of tones in which one tone
becomes the central point for the remaining tones. – xylophones
- the overall sound of the music as pleasant or
unpleasant. • Kongvong

Southeast Asian Music Cambodia

Cambodia

Angkor Wat

– gong circles

• Chhing

Cambodian Music
- it is also known as “Kampuchea.”
- their music gained a world-wide reputation in the
1960’s.
- art music is highly influenced by ancient forms as well
as Hindu forms.
- music is always part of their court dances, masked – finger cymbals
plays, shadow plays, and religious ceremonies.

Pinpeat Membranophone
- is a Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that
usually accompanies ceremonial music of the royal • Samphor
courts and temples.
Peloq Scale
- is the western scale of Indonesia
- this is much pleasing to the ear almost unlimited in
tones.
- Most of today's music are built on these scales.
- Try playing from C to C then we get the Peloq Scale.

- a double headed drum played with hands Gamelan

• Skorthom

- is the most popular form of music in Indonesia.


- there are many types of gamelans but the famous
Javanese and Balinese gamelan.
– 2 big drums similar to Japanese
Javanese Gamelan
- used for court music
Indonesia - percussion dominated
- style of playing gives solemn characters
Borobudur
Balinese Gamelan
- used for sacred music
- consist of metallophone and mostly gongs
- sudden change of tempo and dynamics are basic
characteristics
- sounds are very bright and brilliant
- used of fast and rattling sounds of symbols make
distinctive characters

Gamelan Orchestra
Indonesian Music - are used to accompany dances, songs, and wayang
kulit.
2 Basic Kinds of Indonesian Music Scale - are believed to possess supernatural powers
- consider their instruments sacred, therefore stepping
• Slendro – five (5) equidistant tones in octave. over the instrument is a sign of disrespect. Musicians
• Peloq - heptatonic (7) tone scale with semi-tone. bow before playing their instruments to show respect.
• Vocal music is used as ornamentation of the gamelan.
• Both vocal and instrumental music in Indonesia use It is as important as gamelan.
slendro and pelog scales.
1. Pesidhen - is a female soloist singer who sings with
Slendro Scale gamelan.
- a five tone scale or pentatonic scale. 2. Gerong - refers to the unison male chorus that sings
- it is made up of 5 tones only, the easiest way to find it with the gamelan.
is by playing all the black keys in any order, in any
duration, and in any combination.

• Pentatonic scale Myanmar


- has a 1-2-3-5-6 pattern.
- to find the pentatonic key on the white keys is easy. - was known as Burma until 1989
- it starts with C-D-E-F-G-A-B.
- the country’s name was officially changed by the
military government that took over in 1988.

Shwedagon Pagoda

– small bronze gongs in a circular frame

• Saung Gauk

Music of Myanmar
- has similarities with many other musical traditions in
the region, including Chinese music and Thai music,
probably because its longest land border is shared with
China.

Hsaing waing – Myanmar Harp


- is Myanmar’s traditional folk music ensemble.
- it is made up of different gongs and drums as well as • Myanmar not only has musical ensembles but also an
other instruments depending on the nature of the extensive collection of classical songs called mahagita.
performance.
Different types of Mahagita:
Hsaingwaing Instruments • Oldest repertoires • Horses dance songs
• Royal court music • Worship song for Burmese spirits
• Hne • Songs of music • Songs of sorrow
• Music adapted from Ayutthaya and the Mon people

Malaysia

- the country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which


plays a large role in developing their culture.
- the constitution declares Islam the state religion while
protecting freedom of religion.

Pahang State Mosque


– a double reed pipe

• Pat Waing

– a set of 21 drums in a circle


• Kyi Waing Malaysian Music
Types Of Malaysian Music - is a narrow-elongated country found south of mainland
China.
Classical and Folk music - it has 50 provinces that can be grouped into three
- emerged during the pre-colonial period and still exists cultural regions:
in the form of vocal, dance, and theatrical music. a. North Vietnam
b. South Vietnam
Syncretic or Acculturated music c. Central Vietnam
- developed during the post Portuguese period (16th
century). Thien Mu
- it contains elements from both local music and foreign
elements of Arabian, Persian, Indian, Chinese, and
Western musical and theatrical sources.

Musical Instruments

• Agung and Kulintang

Vietnamese Music

• Nhac Viet Nam – refers to the ethnic music that


originated from the “Kinh” people of Vietnam

Elements of Vietnamese Music

1. There is no absolute pitch


• The tone scale must fit the voice of the singer and the
instrument used.
• Vietnamese music utilizes scales fewer than 12 tones.
• The most common scale used is the three-tone scale
and four-tone scale.
• The scale of two to seven tones is often used for folk
songs while the three-tone scales are for children’s song.
– a gong based musical ensemble commonly used in
funerals and weddings in the East Malaysia. 2. Ornamentation is a characteristic of Vietnamese
- this type of ensemble is similar to the kulintang of the folk music
Philippines, Brunei, and Indonesia. • This allows the musician or singers to express
themselves individually.
• Kertok • The ornamentation contributes to the appearance of the
theme in the song.

3. Sentiment is essential in executing the


ornamentation of the music or song.
• Vietnamese musicians and singers prepare their minds
before performing so they could express the desired
mode.

4.Vietnamese music observed both non-metrical and


metrical rhythm
–this is a musical ensemble from the Malay peninsula
that consists of xylophone played swiftly and • Free rhythm or non-metrical
rhythmically in traditional Malay function. - are often used in song poetry, Buddhist hymns, and in
transition from one section of a song to another.

• Organized rhythm
Vietnam - is observed as beats are grouped in two’s, three’s,
fours and eights.
- the rhythmic cycle is denoted by the Nhip.

5. Instrumental ensembles play music that is


heterophonic and heterorhythmic

Uses of music
a. To rock a baby to sleep
b. To pray or worship
c. To celebrate weddings
d. To honor a loved one’s birth or death
e. For enjoyment – a moon-shaped long necked lute with two-silk strings.
f. For religious celebrations - used in folk music
• Sac Bua – singing occasion of new year
• Mo – singing to pray for the soul • Dan nhi

Musical Instruments

Aerophones

• Sao

– a two-stringed fiddle similar to er-hu of the Chinese.


- a bow is played to and fro across the strings.

Idiophones
– is a horizontal bamboo flute that has 6 holes
• Trung
• Tieu

– a vertical end-blown notch flute with 5 holes on top


and one underneath – a traditional bamboo xylophone.
- it is struck by a mallet

Chordophones • Song lang

• Dan nguyet
– the most popular of this kind is the Nha Nhac that was
popularly performed during the Tran Dynasty to the
Nguyen Dynasty.
- this form of classical music is also performed in honor
of the gods and scholars in temples.

Other classical music falling into this category includes


– a Vietnamese wood block or wooden slit drum. the;
- it is sounded with a small wooden ball connected to a. dai nhac (great music)
the body b. Tieu nhac (small music) - which was performed as
chamber music for the king.
Membranophones
• Folk Music
• Trong dai or trong cai - this category is extremely diverse because it includes
music performed both indoors and outdoors.
- performers of this category are also diverse.
- they may be professional musicians down to the blind
artists in the streets who perform to earn their living.

• Religious and Ceremonial Music


- this is the music performed in religious rituals or at
funerals.

Singapore

- according to Singapore’s quasi-mythological Sejarah


Melayu ( Malay Annals) the country’s name was
derived from the word “Singapura” which means “Lion
– known as the great drum. City.”
- It is the traditional bass drum of Vietnam that gives a - the mixture of culture indicates that the music that
deep booming sound. prevails in the country is also diverse.
- It rests on a stable frame and is beaten to produce
guide to the singers. Merlion

• Trong com

Singaporean Music
- in Vietnamese literally means “rice drum.”
- it is tuned by applying rice paste at the center of each Traditional Music of Singapore
head.
- it is related to the mridangam of Southeast Asia and • Music has been an integral part of life in Singapore.
the Cambodian samphor.
- it is played by bare hands. • Music of the modern Singapore is a fusion of rock and
punk music.
Categories of Vietnamese Music • Its traditional music is greatly influenced by the
mixture of the different elements of Indian, Chinese and
• Imperial Court Music Malay sounds as well as Western and Portuguese music.
• Through the years, the music industry in Singapore
grew having Western-influenced performances by the
Singapore Symphony Orchestra as well as ethnic music
performances mainly by the Singapore Chinese
Orchestra.

• Other performing groups with Malay and Indian


influence are still prevalent until today.

Thailand

Thon

- are hand drums played as in pair in Thai classical


music.

You might also like