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    History II Terms Practice

    Uploaded by

    Vivian Tang
    RCM history II exam prep

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    History II Terms Practice

    Uploaded by

    Vivian Tang
    36 views3 pages
    RCM history II exam prep

    Original Title

    History II terms practice

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    RCM history II exam prep

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    36 views3 pages

    History II Terms Practice

    Uploaded by

    Vivian Tang
    RCM history II exam prep

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    TERMS

    Monophonic -single voice texture


    -melody is heard without either harmony or other vocal lines
    -all music up to about 1000 years ago was monophonic

    Polyphonic -two or more melodic lines are combined
    -interest is focused on the interplay of several lines called
    counterpoint
    -polyphonic music became popular after 1000 years of
    monophonic music

    Counterpoint -art of combining in a single texture two or more simultaneous
    melodic lines, each with a rhythmic life of its own

    Homophonic -the melody takes interest while accompanying voices become
    blocks of harmony
    -accompaniment surrenders its individuality merely support
    color and enhance the melody
    -homophonic and polyphonic devices
    operate within one composition with counter themes and
    counter rhythms in the accompanying parts of the principal
    melody

    Imitation -a subject or motive is presented in one voice the restated in
    another achieving unity and shape to the texture
    -imitation may be brief or last the entire composition
    Canon and Round -imitation lasting an entire work
    -the simplest type is around with each voice entering in a
    succession with the theme
    Inversion -inversion turns a melody upside down following the same
    intervals in opposite direction
    Retrograde -retrograde inversion presents the melody upside down and
    backwards
    Augmentation -augmentation expands the length of time (time values) of the
    melody (often twice as slow as the original)
    Diminution -present the melody in shorter time values
    Tempo -rate of speed; pace of the music; flow of the in time
    Meter -how many beats there are in the measure
    Dynamics -degree of loudness or softness
    -rooted in emotions
    -modern instruments have wider dynamic effects
    -as orchestras increased in size so did the dynamic ranges
    STRINGS Violin
    -soprano of string family
    -has singing tone and capable of lyrical melody as well as
    brilliance and dramatic effect
    -wide pitch range
    Viola
    TERMS


    -Larger than violin
    -lower in range, with longer, thicker, heavier strings
    -an effective melody instrument
    -often plays a secondary melody to the violin
    -fills in harmony or doubles other parts an octave away
    Cello
    -lower in range than the viola
    -has a lyric quality and dark resonance resulting in expressive
    capabilities
    -function are similar to violins and violas; carry melody,
    accentuate rhythm, enrich sonority, harmonic foundation
    Double Bass/Contrabass
    -lowest of all the strings
    -plays harmonic bass
    -often Cello plays on octave higher
    -has the greatest carrying power and is the basic support for
    the orchestra
    -dark tone; special effects
    -capable of; legato, staccato, pizzicato, vibrato, glissando,
    tremolo, trill, double stopping, muting, harmonics

    String Family
    -heart of the orchestra
    -also used as solo instruments or in chamber music
    Woodwind Flute
    -soprano; poetic and brilliant
    -present day flute is made of metal alloy (wood previously)
    -cylindrical tube held horizontally
    -noted for rapid repeated notes, scales and trills
    Piccolo
    -piercing tone; highest notes in the orchestra
    -shrill sound; used for orchestral climax
    Oboe
    -made of wood
    -double cane reed compresses tone quality (Intense and
    focused) causing a nasal, reedy sound
    -stable pitch- used for tuning orchestra
    English Horn
    -alto oboe has pear shaped bell and a soft mournful timbre
    Clarinet
    -has a remarkably wide range in pitch and dynamics
    -tonal qualities include a clear liquid tone
    -agile with melodies containing rapid scales, trills and repeated
    notes
    Bassoon
    -tone is weighty and thick in low range/reedy and in intense in
    high range
    TERMS




    -capable of hollow sounding staccato and wide leaps; highly
    expressive
    Contra-Bassoon
    -lowest tones in orchestra
    -tube over 16 feet folding 4 times
    Saxophone
    -more recent origin
    -conical tube and metal body
    -blends well with woodwind or brass
    -used in jazz bands and modern scores

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