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Lecture 2: Trigonometric Identities

 ILO 1: By the end of the learning experience, students must be able to:

✓ Evaluate trigonometric expressions using


identities

50
Identity - is an equation that is true for all possible replacements of the
variables.

Note: x and y – represents the angle of the trigonometric function,


hence any variables can be used such s, t, 𝛼, 𝛽 etc. 51
Pythagorean Identities
 Recall that the equation of a unit circle in the xy-plane is

For any point on the unit circle, the coordinates x and y satisfy this
equation. Suppose that a real number s determines a point on the
unit circle with coordinates (𝑥, 𝑦) , or (cos 𝑠, sin 𝑠).

Then x = cos 𝑠 and y = sin 𝑠 . Substituting cos 𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 x, and


sin 𝑠 for y in the equation of the unit circle gives us the identity

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Also,

Note: s represents any real number. Hence:

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Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions
We can factor, simplify, and manipulate trigonometric expressions in the same way that
we manipulate strictly algebraic expressions

Example 1. Multiply and simplify cos 𝑥 (tan 𝑥 − sec 𝑥)

54
Example 2: Multiply and simplify

Test Yourself: tan 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − csc 𝑥) Answer: sin 𝑥 − sec 𝑥


(sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) (sec 𝑥 + csc 𝑥) Answer: 2 + tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥

cos 𝑥
Example 3: Add and simplify 1+sin 𝑥 + tan 𝑥

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Example 4: Simplify the expression cos 𝑡 + tan 𝑡 sin 𝑡

Test Yourself: sin 𝑦 + cot 𝑦 cos 𝑦 Answer: csc y


1+cos 𝑦
Answer: cos y
1+sec 𝑦

56
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 + sin 𝑡 − 3
Example 5: Simplify the trigonometric expression 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑡 − sin 𝑡

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 cos 𝑥
Test Yourself: Answer: tan 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝛼−1
Answer: 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
cos 𝛼+1

57
Example 5: Rationalize the denominator:

cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
Test Yourself: Answer:
tan 𝑥 tan 𝑥

sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥


Example 6: Rationalize the numerator: = ∙
cot 𝑥 co𝑡 𝑥 sin 𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 cos 𝑥
= (cot 𝑥 ∙ sin 𝑥 = ∙ sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥)
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥

1+sin 𝑦 1+sin 𝑦
Test Yourself: Answer:
1−sin 𝑦 cos 𝑦 58
Sum and Difference Identities

Note: x and y – represents the angle of the trigonometric function,


hence any variables can be used such s, t, 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝜃 etc. 59
Proof of Additional Formula for Sine and Cosine
We determine sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽

Using the unit triangle approach: Proof:


a. Let the straight line AB revolve to the point C and formed the angle 𝛼
cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 b. Let it continue to D and formed the angle 𝛽 from C
D F
c. Draw straight line DC perpendicular to AC
𝛼+𝛽
Recall trigonometric function:
𝑜𝑝𝑝
sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝 ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑝 = sin 𝜃 ∙ ℎ𝑦𝑝
sin(𝛼 + 𝛽)

𝑎𝑑𝑗
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝 ∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ∙ ℎ𝑦𝑝

C d. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝛽 ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑝 = sin 𝛽 ∙ 1 = sin 𝛽


∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 ∙ 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽
sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽

e. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝛼 ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑝 = sin 𝛼 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 = sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽


𝛽 ∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽
𝛼
A B f. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝛼 + 𝛽 ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑝 = sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) ∙ 1 = sin(𝛼 + 𝛽)
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽 60
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝛽) ∙ 1 = cos 𝛼 + 𝛽
sin 𝛼 sin β
180 − 90 − 𝛽 − 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 90 − 𝛼 ∴ 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶 = 𝛼

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
90 − 𝛽 g. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝛼 ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑝 = sin 𝛼 ∙ sin 𝛽 = sin 𝛼 sin β
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 ∙ sin 𝛽 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 sin 𝛽

𝛼
Hence:
sin (𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 sin 𝛽

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛼 sin β

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Proof of Subtraction Formula for Sine and Cosine
We determine sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽

Using the unit triangle approach: Proof:


a. Let the straight line AB revolve to the point C and formed the angle 𝛼
sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) b. Let it continue to D and formed the angle 𝛽 from C
D
c. Draw straight line DC perpendicular to AC

Recall trigonometric function:


𝑜𝑝𝑝
sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝 ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑝 = sin 𝜃 ∙ ℎ𝑦𝑝
𝑎𝑑𝑗
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝 ∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ∙ ℎ𝑦𝑝
cos 𝛼 − 𝛽

C d. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝛽 ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑝 = sin 𝛽 ∙ 1 = sin 𝛽


𝛼−𝛽 ∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 ∙ 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽

e. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝛼 − 𝛽 ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑝 = sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) ∙ 1 = sin(𝛼 − 𝛽)


𝛽 ∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝛽) ∙ 1 = cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
𝛼
A B
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𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
180 − 90 − 𝛼 − 𝛽 − 90 − 𝛽 = 𝛼 ∴ 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐷 = 𝛼

sin 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
f. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝛼 ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑝 = sin 𝛼 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 = sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽

g. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝛼 ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑝 = sin 𝛼 ∙ sin 𝛽 = sin 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽


∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 ∙ sin 𝛽 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽

Hence:
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽

𝛼 sin 𝛼 − 𝛽 = sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 sin 𝛽

𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝛼 − 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sin 𝛼 sin β

sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽

90 − 𝛼 − 𝛽 − 𝛽 = 90 − 𝛼 ∴ 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶 = 𝛼
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Proof of Addition Identity for Tangent

Solution:
1
sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 sin 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽
tan 𝛼 + 𝛽 = = ∙
cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛼 sin β 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽
sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽
+ +
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽
sin 𝛼 sin β = cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽
sin 𝛼 sin β
− 1−
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽

tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽
tan 𝛼 + 𝛽 =
1 − tan 𝛽

Test Yourself: Proof


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Using the Addition and Subtraction Identities

Example 1: Find the exact value of each expression

Solution for a: Since we know the exact values of sine and cosine at 45° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30°
Use the Special Values of the Trigonometric Functions where t represents the angle
a) 75° = 45° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30° ; we use the Addition Identity for Cosine

Recall:

65
Note: Unlike radicals cannot be simplified
Using the Addition and Subtraction Identities
Example 2: Find the exact value of each expression

Solution for b:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
a) Since 12 = 4 − 6 , the Subtraction Formula for Cosine gives

Recall:

66

Note: Unlike radicals cannot be simplified


Using the Addition and Subtraction Identities
Example 3: Prove the cofunction identity

Using Subtraction formula : 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝛼 − 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sin 𝛼 sin β

Hence:

Recall:

67
Using the Addition and Subtraction Identities
𝜋
Example 4: Prove the cofunction identity sin( − 𝑥) = cos 𝑥
2

Use the subtraction identity of cosine: sin 𝛼 − 𝛽 = sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 sin 𝛽
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
sin(2 − 𝑥) = sin 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 sin 𝑥

= 1 ∙ cos 𝑥 + 0∙ sin 𝑥
𝜋
∴ sin( − 𝑥) = cos 𝑥
2
Recall:

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Using the Addition Identity for Tangent
Example 5: Prove the identity

Using the identity:

Solving the right side of the equation and obtain the left side

Recall:

Hence: =

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Double-Angle Formulas

Note: x and y – represents the angle of the trigonometric function,


hence any variables can be used such s, t, 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝜃 etc.
70
. Proof of Double-Angle Formulas
1. sin 2𝛼 = 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼

The double-angle formulas are proved from the addition formula for sine
Recall: sin (𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 sin 𝛽 ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝛼 = 𝛽
sin 𝛼 + 𝛼 = sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 sin 𝛼
Now; sin 2𝛼 = sin (𝛼 + 𝛼)
sin 2𝛼 = sin 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 sin 𝛼 (simplify)
Hence: sin 2𝛼 = 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼

2. cos 2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼

The double-angle formulas are proved from the addition formula for cosine
Recall: cos (𝛼 + 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛼 sin β ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝛼 = 𝛽
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼

Now; cos 2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝛼 + 𝛼)


cos 2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 sin 𝛼 (simplify)
Hence: cos 2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 71
. Proof of Double-Angle Formulas
3. cos 2𝛼 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 1

By Pythagorean theorem: 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼


Use the second derived equation: cos 2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼

Now; cos 2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼) (simplify)


Hence: cos 2𝛼 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 1

4. cos 2𝛼 = 1 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼

By Pythagorean theorem: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼


Use the second derived equation: cos 2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼

Now; cos 2𝛼 = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 (simplify)


Hence: cos 2𝛼 = 1 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼

2 tan 𝛼 72
Test Yourself: Proof tan 2𝛼 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼
Using the Double-Angle Formulas
3
Example: Given that tan θ = − 4 and is in quadrant II, find each of the following

1. Draw the reference triangle


𝑜𝑝𝑝 3
2. Since tan θ = = − 4 ; solve for the hypotenuse using Pythagorean theorem hence: 𝑐 = 5
𝑎𝑑𝑗
3 −4
3. Hence, sin θ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cos θ =
5 5

3 −4 24
Solution for a: sin 2θ = 2sin θ cos θ = 2 ∙ 4 ∙ ( 5 ) = − 25
2 2 3 2 4 2 7
b: cos 2θ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ = − = 25
5 5
3 24
2 tan θ 2 ∙(− ) 24 sin 2θ − 24
4 25
c. tan 2θ = = 3 2
= −7 𝑜𝑟 = 7 =−
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 θ 1− −4 cos 3θ 7
25
73
Test Yourself

5
1. Given that sin θ = 13 and is in quadrant I, find each of the following

120
Answers for a: sin 2θ = 169
119
b: cos 2θ = − 169
120
c. tan 2θ = − 119

74
Half-Angle Identities

Note: x – represents the angle of the trigonometric function,


hence any variables can be used such s, t, 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝜃 etc. 75
Proof of Half-Angle Formulas
𝜃 1−cos 𝜃
1. sin = ±
2 2
Use the fourth equation derived double-angle formula: cos 2𝛼 = 1 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼
𝜃
𝐿𝑒𝑡 2𝛼 = 𝜃; hence, 𝛼 =
2
𝜃
cos 𝜃 = 1 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (transpose and exchange sides)
2
𝜃 1−cos 𝜃
Hence: sin = ±
2 2

𝜃 1+cos 𝜃
2. cos = ±
2 2
Use the fourth equation derived double-angle formula: cos 2𝛼 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 1
𝜃
𝐿𝑒𝑡 2𝛼 = 𝜃; hence, 𝛼 =
2
𝜃
cos 𝜃 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 − 1 (transpose and exchange sides)
2
𝜃 1+cos 𝜃
Hence: cos = ±
2 2

76
𝜃 1 −cos 𝜃
Test Yourself: Proof 𝑡𝑎𝑛 =±
2 1+cos 𝜃
Using the Half Angle-Formulas for Tangent
Example 1: Find exact value of sin 22.5°

Solution: Since 22.5° 𝑖𝑠 half of 45°, we use half-angle identity with 𝜃 = 45°
We choose + sign because 22.5° belongs to Q-I
Hence:

Recall:

77
Using the Half Angle-Formulas for Tangent
𝜋
Example 1: Find exact value of tan
8

𝜋
Solution: We choose + sign because 8 belongs to Q-I

Hence:

Recall:

78
Test Yourself

Find the exact value of the following:


1. cos 15°
𝜋
2. cos
8

Answers:
2+ 3
1. cos 15° = 2

𝜋 2+ 2
2. cos =
8 2

79
Lecture 2: Trigonometric Identities

 ILO 2: By the end of the learning experience, students must be able to:

✓ Prove trigonometric identities

80
Guidelines For Proving Trigonometric
Identities
1. Start with one side. Pick one side of the equation and write it down. Your goal
is to transform it into the other side. It’s usually easier to start with the more
complicated side.

2. Use known identities. Use algebra and the identities you know to change the
side you started with. Bring fractional expressions to a common denominator,
factor, and use the fundamental identities to simplify expressions.

3. Convert to sines and cosines. If you are stuck, you may find it helpful to
rewrite all functions in terms of sines and cosines.

81
Note: Only operations that are reversible will necessarily transform an identity into an identity.
2
Example 1: Prove the identity 1 + sin 2𝜃 = sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃
Solving the right hand side (RHS) of the equation and obtain the left hand side (LHS)
𝑆𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 1

sec 𝑡−1 1−cos 𝑡


Example 2: Prove the identity =
𝑡 sec 𝑡 𝑡

Solving the LHS of the equation and obtain the RHS

1
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = sec 𝑡
cos 𝑡

𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔

82
Example 3: Prove the identity
Solving the LHS of the equation and obtain the RHS
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 Identity

𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚

Example 4: Verify the identity


Solving the RHS of the equation and obtain the LHS

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦

𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚

𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
83

𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
Example 5: Prove the identity

Solving the LHS of the equation and obtain the RHS

𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑦 1 + sin 𝑢

𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦

𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠

84
Example 6: Prove the identity

Solving for the LHR 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠

𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔

At this point, we stop and work with the RHS of the original identity:

(1 + cos ∅)
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑦 =1
(1 + cos ∅)

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔
85

Note: The proof is complete since we obtained the same expression from each side.
Proving an Identity by Working with Both
Sides Separately
Example 7: Prove the identity

Solving the LHS of the equation

Solving the RHS of the equation

Note: It follows that LHS = RHS, so the equation is an identity.


86
Test Yourself
Prove the identity of the following

sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥


1. = sec 𝑥
sec 𝑥+csc 𝑥

cos(𝑢−𝑣)
2. = tan 𝑢 + cot 𝑢
sin 𝑢 sin 𝑣

1+tan 𝑦 sec 𝑦
3.
1+cot 𝑦
= csc 𝑦

2
4. tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥
87
Solutions:
sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos(𝑢−𝑣)
1. = 2. = tan 𝑢 + cot 𝑢
sec 𝑥+csc 𝑥 sec 𝑥 sin 𝑢 sin 𝑣

Solving LHS to obtain RHS Solving LHS to obtain RHS

88
1+tan 𝑦 sec 𝑦
3. =
1+cot 𝑦 csc 𝑦

Solving LHS Now we stop and work for RHS

89
2
4. tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥

Solving for the LHS


sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
(tan 𝑥 cot 𝑥 = ∙ = 1)
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥

Solving for the RHS

90
End of Topic

Thank you
Dr. Maricel G. Dayaday, EcE, ME-EcE, Engr. Jean Martin, MSEnE, Engr. Jay M. Navaluna,MEP-CE
College of Engineering and Information Technology 91

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