Identities Lesson 9
Identities Lesson 9
Identities Lesson 9
WEEK7
KNOWLEDGE ENRICHMENT
A. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module you will be able to:
• Evaluate a problem using sum and difference method
• Solve a problem using double - angle and half-angle identities
• Apply trigonometric identities to find other trigonometric values
B. INTRODUCTION
Next we want to use the eight basic identities and their equivalent forms
to verify other trigonometric identities. To prove (or verify) that a trigonometric
identity is true, we use trigonometric substitutions and algebraic manipulations to
either:
• Transform the right side into the left side, Or
• Transform the left side into the right side.
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C. LESSON PROPER
b) Double Angle
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 =
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑥
c) Half Angle
1 1−𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 1 1+𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 1 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = ±√ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = ±√ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 =
2 2 2 2 2 1+𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
d) Sum & difference of Sine & Cosine
1 1
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 − 𝑦)
2 2
1 1
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 2𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 − 𝑦)
2 2
1 1
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 2𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 − 𝑦)
2 2
1 1
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑦 = −2𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 − 𝑦)
2 2
13
e) Product of Sine & Cosine
1 1
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑦) − 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 + 𝑦)
2 2
1 1
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦) + 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)
2 2
1 1
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑦) + 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 + 𝑦)
2 2
Sample problem 4. Find the exact value for 𝑐𝑜𝑠75°.
Solution: we write 75° as 45°+30° then apply the formula
𝑪𝒐𝒔 (𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒚 − 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒚
𝑐𝑜𝑠75° = cos (45° + 30°)
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°𝑐𝑜𝑠30° − 𝑠𝑖𝑛45°𝑠𝑖𝑛30°
√2 √3 √2 1
= [( )( )] − [( )( )]
2 2 2 2
√𝟔−√𝟐
=
𝟒
1
Sample problem 5. Prove: sin(𝜃 + 30°) cos(𝜃 + 60°) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
4
Solution: use sum & difference of two angles
𝑺𝒊𝒏 (𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒚 + 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒚
𝑪𝒐𝒔 (𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒚 − 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒚
sin(𝜃 + 30°) cos(𝜃 + 60°) = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠30° + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛30°)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠60° − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛60°)
√3 1 1 √3
= (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 )(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 )
2 2 2 2
1 1
= (√3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − √3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2 2
1
= (√3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − √3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
4
1 2
= (√3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − (√3) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − √3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
4
𝟏
= (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽)
𝟒
1 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Sample problem 6. Prove: tan (45° + 𝜃) =
2 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Solution: use sum & difference of two angles and half angle
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝟏 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒚) = , 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 =
𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝟐 𝟏+𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙
1
1 𝑡𝑎𝑛45°+𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃
tan (45° + 𝜃) = 1
2 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛45°𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)1+(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1+1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)1−(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1−1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
=( )( )
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
=
𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
1 1
Sample problem 7. Prove: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃
2 2
Solution: use half angle, Pythagorean relation and Reciprocal relation
𝟏 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 = , 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏 , 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽 =
𝟐 𝟏+𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
1 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = + = +
2 2 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+1+2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
= (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= 𝟐𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
ACTIVITY 7.1 (30 pts.)
Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your
CSTC green booklet.
1. Which expression is NOT equal to 1?
a. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 c. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
2 2
b. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 d. 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃
1+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
2. Which of the following is equal to ?
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
a. 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 c. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 − 1
b. 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 d. 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
3. What is the simplified form of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃?
2
a. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 c. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃
b. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 d. 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃
5
4. If 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = , 𝜃 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑄𝐼𝐼𝐼, which statement is/are FALSE?
12
I. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = −5 II. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = −12
a. I only c. Both I and II
b. II only d. neither I nor II
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𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
5. Which of the following is equal to ?
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
a. 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 c. 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
b. 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 d. 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
6. Which statement is always true?
I . An equation that is always true is an identity.
II. The equation 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 is a Pythagorean identity.
III. The equation 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 1 is a reciprocal identity
a. I and II only c. I and III only
b. II and III only d. I, II and III
7. Which of the following is an identity?
I. (1 + cos 𝑥)(1 − cos 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
II. (1 + sin 𝑥)(1 − sin 𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
III. (1 + sec 𝑥)(1 − sec 𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
a. I and II only c. I and III only
b. II and III only d. I, II and III
3
8. If 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = − , 𝜃 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑄𝐼𝑉, which is FALSE?
4
5 5
a. 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 = c. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
4 3
4 4
b. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = − d. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = −
5 3
3 5
9. If 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = , 𝜃 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑄𝐼 and 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 = − , 𝛽 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑄𝐼𝐼𝐼 , what
5 13
is the value of cos (𝛼 + 𝛽)?
16 21
a. − c. −
65 65
21 56
b. d.
65 65
1
10. If 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 = , 𝛽 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑄𝐼 , which is true?
4
3 7
a. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽 = c. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛽 =
4 8
1 4
b. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛽 = d. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽 =
2 3
Instruction: Answer the question below, place your answer in your CSTC green
booklet.
Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your
CSTC green booklet.
17
8. If 𝑎 = 60° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 120° what is sin (𝑎 + 𝑏) ?
1 1
a. − b. 0 c. d. 1
2 2
9. For which angle is 𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ?
a. 30° b. 45° c. 60° d. 90°
𝜋 𝜃
10. If = , what is 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ?
4 2
a. 1 − √2 c. −1 + √2
b. √2 + 1 d. √2 + 2
CHARACTER ENHANCEMENT
REFLECTION: (10 pts.) write your answer in your CSTC green booklet.