IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.

org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Volume 10, PP 40-43

Transformer Monitoring and Control Using Iot

Deepraj Duttachowdhury1, Vivek Patil2, Arya Parab3 , Raj Patel4 Karuna Nikum
1
(Electrical, Atharva College Of Engineering, India)
2
(Electrical, Atharva College Of Engineering, India)
3
(Electrical, Atharva College Of Engineering, India)
4
(Electrical, Atharva College Of Engineering, India)
5
(Electrical, Atharva College Of Engineering, India)

Abstract :Distribution Transformers Is One Of The Most Important Element Of Electrical Power
System.Transformer Is A Device Which Is Continuously Working In Order To Improve The Efficiency Of The
Transmission System.The Present Paper Proposes Continuous Online Monitoring Of Distribution Transformer
Using IOT(Internet Of Things). The Internet Of Things Connects The Unconnected Things.Previously The
Things That Weren’t Accessible Have Been Made Accessible Because Of It.The Transformer Is Subjected To
Various Faults Such As Over-Voltage,Over-Current,Increase In Temperature,Oil-Level,Humidity Etc.All These
Faults Are Persistently Monitored Throughout By The Arduino Which Regularly Sends The Health Information
Of The Transformer Via The Wifi Module.This Data Can Be Accessed From Anywhere In The World By A
Android Application.So The Maintainence Of The Distribution Transformer Can Be Successfully Implemented
By The Use Of This Project Ideology.
Keywords - Online Monitoring Distribution Transformers, Arduino, IOT,Android Application,.

I. Introduction
The Life Of Distribution Transformer Can Be Significantally Increased By Operating It At A Rated
Suitable Condition As Per Specification.However If Overloaded Their Life Is Essentially Decreased Because Of
Unexpected Failures And Loss Of Supply To A Great Number Of Customers. The Main Reason For Failure In
Distribution Transformers Is Over Loading And Non Efficient Cooling.
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition(SCADA) Is Being Used By Many Power Companies For
Web Based Monitoring Of Power Transformers However Amplifying The SCADA System For Online
Monitoring Of Distribution Transformers Is A Costly Implementation

1) Distribution Transformers Are Monitored Physically Where A Man Visits The Transformer Site And
Analyses The Parameters.Incidental Overload And Overheating Of Transformer Oil And Windings If Not
Monitored Properly These Parameters Can Decrease The Transformer Life Which Is Unachievable By The
Current Operation System.
2) A Single Transformer Parameter Is Generally Detected By A Normal Transformer Eg; Control Current
Voltage While Some Ways Could Recognize Multiparameter, It Takes Too Long For The Parameter
Operation And Testing Pace Is Dull.
3) A Monitoring System Is Not Able To Monitor All Useful Data Of Distribution Transformer To Reduce
Costs, But Can Only Monitor The Operating State.
4) Auspicious Detection Data Will Not Be Sent To Observing Centers In Time Which Cannot Judge
Distribution Transformer Three Phase Equilibrium
5) Detection System Is Not Reliable. The Main Principle Execution Is The Devoice Itself Instability, Poor
Anti Jamming Capability, Low Measurement Accuracy Of Data.

In [1] Has Done Research Using GSM Technology Which Is Not Reliable,Cheap And Compact As
Compared To The Proposed Methodology.In [2] States An Innovative Design To Develop A System Which Is
Based On AVR Microcontroller That Is Used For Logging The Voltage, Current And Temperature Of A Power
Transformer In A Substation And To Protect The System From Any Uncertainty Conditions.In Et Al [3] M. V.
Ramesh This Design Incorporates Effective Solutions For Problems Faced By India‟S Electricity Distribution
System Such As Power Theft And Transmission Line Faultand Various Other Faults.In [4] Stated Above Right
Away Monitoring Of Distribution Transformer By The Use Of Internet.In [5] Helps To Understand Various
Transformer Faults And The Parameters Affecting It.
The Growth Of The Incipient Faults And Other Faults Can Be Kept In Check Instantaneously.So
Which Will Help The Utilities To Optimally Use Their Transformers And Keep Them In Operation In Longer
Period. This Will Also Identify Problems Before Any Catastrophic Failure, Which Can Result In A Significant
Cost Savings And Greater Reliability.
International Conference on Innovative and Advanced Technologies in Engineering (March-2018) 40 |Page
 Transformer Monitoring And Control Using Iot

II. Methodology
For This Proposed Real-Time Framework We Take A Voltage Transformer , A Current Transformer
And A LM35 Temperature Sensor For Monitoring Voltage,Current,Temperature,Respectively Data Of The
Transformer And Then Send Them To A Desired Location Anywhere In The World. These Three Analog
Values Are Taken In Multiplexing Mode Connected To A Programmable Microcontroller Arduino. Then The
Values Are Then Sent Directly Through An Wi-Fi Module Under TCP IP Protocol To A Dedicated IP That
Displays The Data In Real Time Chart Form In Any Web Connected PC / Laptop/Mobile For Display .The Real
Time Data Is Also Seen At The Sending End Upon A Android App Interfaced To The Microcontroller.
The Supply Of Power Is Given Through Step Down Transformer 230/12V, Which Steps Down The Voltage To
12V AC. This Is Converted To DC Using A Bridge Rectifier And It Is Then Regulated To +5V Using A
Voltage Regulator 7805 Which Is Required For The Operation Of The Arduino , 3.3 Volt For The Wi-Fi Unit
And Other Component.
1. Over Voltage Protection : Over Voltage Is Generated Using Pot, That Input Is Monitored By
Microcontroller And Regarding Operation Is Taken.
2. Over Current : Whenever The The Overcurrent Condition Is Observed The Relay Goes Off, Overcurrent
Is Detected Using Current Transformer.
3. Fault In The Oil Level Can Be Monitored As Follows,
● The Float Level Sensor Is Used To Detect The Oil Level In The Tank.
● When Low Is Detected By The Microcontroller And Using The Data The Microcontroller Starts The Relay
And Fills The Tank Automatically
4. Temperature Rise Fault Can Be Detected Using LM35 Same Can Be Sent To The Microcontroller. Thus
Can Be Determined Using The Microcontroller And The Fan Can Be Operated Using The Relay According
To Temperature Sensor Input.
5. All This Can Be Monitored Using Android Phone Which Is Connected Via Wifi Module To The
Microcontroller.
6. If Overvoltage And Overcurrent Happens Then Microcontroller Will Send An Alert Message To An
Android App. And The Android App User Will Get The Alert Message In Text.
7.

Transformer Monitoring Controlling Using IOT

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 Transformer Monitoring And Control Using Iot

III. Why We Need IOT Based Monitoring

 No Wires Involved In The Proposed System. Hence We Can Avoid Power And Data Loss.
 It Can Able To Detect The Faults Due To Over Current, Over Voltage, Increased Temperature At Real
Time.
 Monitoring Multiple Transformers Sitting In An Office Is Possible.
 Prefault Condition Is Easily Detected And Cleared At Same Time To Avoid System Failure. Fault
Monitoring Requires Less Time Also Use Of Wifi Gives Most Accurate ,Fast Response.
 This Type Of Monitoring Protects Transformer And Overall System So System Reliability And Stability
Increases.
 This Type Of Monitoring Provide Significant Benefits For Utility Consumers As Ideal Power Supply Can
Be Possible Which Is Free From Fault And Losses.
 Overcurrent,Overvoltage,Overtemperature These Main Faults Are Prevented Using This Technique .

IV. Components
Voltage Sensing

Above Figure Consist Of Input Supply Of 230V. As Arduino Can Operate Up To Or Less Than 5V.
Therefore, Stepdown Transformer Is Used To Stepdown Supply From 230V To 5V .Rectifier Is Used To
Rectify 5V AC To 5V DC . Voltage Regulator Is Used To Obtain Regulated 5V DC Supply. So That The
Arduino Can Read The Input Side Of Main Transformer .

Current Sensing
Above Figure Consist Of Stepdown Transformer Which Is Used To Stepdown Supply From 230V To 5V
.Rectifier Is Used To Rectify 5V AC To 5V DC . Voltage Regulator Is Used To Obtain Regulated 5V DC
Supply. So That The Arduino Can Read The Input Side Of Main Transformer

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 Transformer Monitoring And Control Using Iot

Microcontroller Interfacing With Power Supply

The Input Signals From Voltage Sensing And Current Sensing Circuits Are Sent To The Arduino Uno
At Analog Input Pins 1 And 2. It Is A 16 Bit Microcontroller [4]. This Microcontroller Contains Inbuilt ADC
(Analog To Digital Converter). The Input From Voltage And Current Sensing Circuit Are Fed In Analog Values
And Are Converted To Digital Value Using ADC.

Relay

A Relay Is An Electrical Switch That Uses An Electromagnet To Move The Switch From The Off To
On Position Instead Of A Person Moving The Switch. It Takes A Relatively Small Amount Of Power To Turn
On A Relay But The Relay Can Control Something That Draws Much More Power. A Relay Is Used To Control
The Air Conditioner In Your Home. The AC Unit Probably Runs Off Of 220VAC At Around 30A. That's 6600
Watts. The Coil That Controls The Relay May Only Need A Few Watts To Pull The Contacts Together.

Rectifier
A Rectifier Circuit Is Made Up Of Diodes Connected In Such Way That It Converts AC Input Signal To DC
Output Signal. Rectifier Circuits Are Of Two Types Namely Half Wave Rectifier And Full Wave Rectifier
Depending Upon DC Signal Generated.

V. Conclusion:
An IOT Based Transformer Monitoring System For Power Transformer Has Been Designed,
Implemented And Tested. It Is Quite Useful As Compared To Manual Monitoring And Also It Is Reliable As It
Is Not Possible To Monitor The Oil-Level,Oil Temperature Rise,Ambient Temperature Rise,Load Current
Manually Always.
An Android Application That Is Linked With The Arduino With The Help Of Wifi Can Be Installed
To This
System To Timely Receive And Store Transformer Parameters Information About All The Power
Transformers And Prepare A Database. After Receiving Message On Any Abnormality We Can Take
Immediate Action To Prevent Any Catastrophic Failures Of Power Transformers. We Need Not Have To Check
All Power Transformers And Corresponding Phase Currents And Voltages And Thus We Can Recover The
System In Less Time And Faults Before Any Uncertain Failures Thus Resulting In Significant Cost Saving As
Well As Improving System Reliability.

References:
[1] Abdul-Rahman AI-Ali, Abdul Khaliq & Muhammad Arshad,” GSM-Based Distribution Transformer
Monitoring System”, IEEE MELECON 2004, May 12-15,2004, Vol 3 Pages999-1002, Croatia.
[2] Thiyagarajan & Palanivel. Efficient Monitoring Of Substations IJRRAS 4 (1) July 2010.
[3] Abdollahi, A. Dehghani, M. Zamanzadeh, “SMS-Based Reconfigurable Automatic Meter Reading
System” In Control Applications, 2007.
[4] Chan, W. L, So, A.T.P. And Lai, L., L.; “Interment Based Transmission Substation Monitoring”, IEEE
Transaction On Power Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, February 2014, Pp. 293-298.
[5] [5] Wadhwa, C. L. (2005). “Electrical Power Systems”. New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers: New
Delhi. Pp. 656-657
[6] Https://Create.Arduino.Cc/Projecthub
[7] Https://Www.Leafecodes.Com/B4a-Tutorial/

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