Ministry of Higher Education

Kandahar University
Engineering Faculty
Energy Engineering Department

Heating Ventilation and Air

Conditioning Project Design

Name: Obaidullah (safi)

F/Name: M Salim
Lecturer: Abdul Ghani (Noori)
Roll. No: 32
Grade: 3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Department: Energy Engineering
Date: 2024/6/10

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Contents
1. Introduction:....................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Building Description: .......................................................................................................................... 3
3. Design Conditions:.............................................................................................................................. 4
3.1. Outdoor Conditions:.................................................................................................................... 4
3.2. Indoor Conditions:....................................................................................................................... 4
4. Heat Gain Sources: ............................................................................................................................. 4
4.1. External Heat Gains: .................................................................................................................... 4
4.2. Internal Heat Gains: .................................................................................................................... 4
5. Calculation Methodology: .................................................................................................................. 5
6. Cooling Load Calculation: ................................................................................................................... 5
6.1. External Heat Gain Calculation: .................................................................................................. 5
6.1External Heat Gain Calculation sensible part: .............................................................................. 6
6.2. Internal Heat Gain Calculation:................................................................................................... 7
6.3. Ventilation and Infiltration Heat Gain:....................................................................................... 8
6.4. Total sensible Cooling Load ........................................................................................................ 9
7-Latent Loads: ....................................................................................................................................... 9
7.1Total Latent Cooling Load (W) .................................................................................................... 10
8.Total cooling load: ............................................................................................................................. 10
9.Excel sheet and building plan: .......................................................................................................... 10
10. Conclusion: ..................................................................................................................................... 11
11. Appendices: .................................................................................................................................... 11
12. References: ..................................................................................................................................... 12

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 Chapter one

Cooling Load Calculation Report for Building in Nangarhar Province,

Afghanistan

1. Introduction:

This report provides an analysis of the cooling load requirements for a building located in Nangarhar
Province, Afghanistan. The report evaluates the heat gains from various sources and determines the
necessary capacity of the cooling system to maintain desired indoor temperatures.

2. Building Description:

Location: Nangarhar Province, Jalalabad City Afghanistan.

Building Type: [residential]

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Total Floor Area: [36 square meters]

Number of Floors: [one]

Occupancy: [Average number of occupants]

Operating Hours: [8 pm Daily hours of operation]

3. Design Conditions:

3.1. Outdoor Conditions:

Summer Design Temperature: 40°C

Relative Humidity:30 %

3.2. Indoor Conditions:

Desired Indoor Temperature: 25°C

Relative Humidity: 50%

4. Heat Gain Sources:

4.1. External Heat Gains:

Solar Radiation: Heat gain through windows, walls, and roofs due to solar radiation.

Conduction: Heat transfer through building envelope due to temperature difference between
outside and inside.

4.2. Internal Heat Gains:

Occupants: Heat produced by occupants based on activity levels.

Lighting: Heat emitted from lighting fixtures.

Equipment: Heat generated from office equipment, appliances, etc.

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 5. Calculation Methodology:

The total cooling load is calculated by summing the individual contributions from each source of
heat gain. The methodology involves:

1. Solar Heat Gain: Calculated using the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) of windows and the area
exposed to sunlight.

2. Conduction Heat Gain: Determined by the U-values of walls, roofs, and windows and the
temperature difference between indoor and outdoor.

3. Internal Heat Gain: Calculated based on occupancy, lighting, and equipment specifications.

4. Ventilation and Infiltration Heat Gain: Evaluated based on air exchange rates and outdoor air
conditions.

6. Cooling Load Calculation:

6.1. External Heat Gain Calculation:

Cooling Load Calculation...

Cooling Load Calculation Example

Determine the total cooling load (sensible latent) for our room, (9m x 4m x 3m) (latitude 34.42°N))
in July on 16:00 solar time by considering the following data:

1- It is assumed that the room is in thermal balance with the, east side room and only south, north
and west side wall (9m x 3m) (9m x 3m) and (4m x 3m) is in contact with the outside environment.

2- The south, north and west wall of the room building is 63.72m² (excluding windows) and is
constructed from 1.87cm plaster+ 20.32cm common brick 10cm face brick.

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3- The roof of the room is constructed from 15cm lightweight concrete slah + 0.93cm felt and
membrane + 1.25cm slag (9m x 4m).

4- There are six windows each (1.9m x 0.6m) in the south and north side wall. The glass is 3 mm
single glazed (U15W/m²). The construction weight is moderate and room is carpeted.

5- Due to air leakage, the room has 1 ACH, while the air Cp = 1.005 KJ/kg. k, p= 1.225 kg/m³ and hfg
of water = 2,420 KJ/kg. The outside maximum temperature is 40 °C. minimum is 28 °C and inside
required temperature is 27 °C, Wo 0.01 and required inside Wi = 0.013.

6- The room is used for 8 hours by 6 persons with light office activities. The required ventilation is
0.00708 (m³/s)/person.

7- The room floor is 15cm concrete, assume that the air is circulated in room and consist of ordinary
furniture with carpet and 10 x 50-Watt lights on for 6 hours.

4- 2 PCs (90W) are used for 6 hours.

6.1External Heat Gain Calculation sensible part:

Windows:

Glazing conduction:

U= 15W/m²

Area = 6.84 m²

CLTDCR=12.6

Q=A X U x CLTD

Q=6.84 x 15 x12.6=1292.76 w

Glazing radiation:

Q= Area × SHGC × CS x CLF

total Area = 6.84 m²

south A=3.42m2

north A=3.42m2

SHGC(S) = 227

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SHGC(N)=126

CS=1

CLF(S)=0.79

CLF(N)=0.38

Q(S) = 3.42 x 353 x 1 x 0.79=613 W

Q(N) = 3.42 x 353 x 1 x 0.38=163.75 W

Walls:

total Area = 63.72 m²

U-value = 1.75 W/m²·K

CLTDcor for south, west and north =9, 10.3, 9.65

Heat Gain = Area × U-value × CLTDCOR

Heat Gain for south = 25.86 m² × 1.75 W/m²·K × 9 K = 40.7.29 W

Heat Gain for west = 12 m² × 1.75 W/m²·K × 10.3 K=216.30 w

Heat Gain for north = 25.86 m² × 1.75 W/m²·K × 9.65 K=436.71 w

Roof:

Area = 36 m²

U-value = 0.89 W/m²·K

CLTDCRO=26.55 K

Heat Gain = Area × U-value × CLTDCOR

Q=36 x 0.89 x 26.89= 850.55 w

6.2. Internal Heat Gain Calculation:

Example:

Occupants:

Number = :6 person

SHG/person=72

CLF=0.97

Q=NO*SHG/person*CLF (w)

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Q=419.04W

Lighting:

Q=NO*Watt*UF*BF*CLF (w)

BF=0.25

UF=0.6

Number = 10(50W)

CLF =0.85
Q=63.75 W

Equipment:

Q=NO*Watt*UF*CLF (w)

UF=0.6

CLF =0.34
NO=6

Power=90watt

Q=110.16 w

6.3. Ventilation and Infiltration Heat Gain:

Ventilation:

Q =ρ*Cp*V(To-Ti) (w)
Ventilation=0.00708m3/sec/person

ρ (Density of air) = 1.225 kg/m³

Cp (Specific heat of air) = 1.005 kJ/kg·K

ΔT (Temperature Difference) = 15k

V (m3/sec) =No of person*ventilation Air/person= 0.0424 m3/sec

Q=783.00 w

Air Exchange Rate = 1 air changes per hour

Volume of Building = 108m³

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V (m3/sec) =(ACH)*V/3600=0.03

ρ (Density of air) = 1.225 kg/m³

Cp (Specific heat of air) = 1.005 kJ/kg·K

ΔT (Temperature Difference) =15K

Heat Gain = ρ × Cp × ΔT × Volumetric

Heat Gain = 1.2 kg/m³ × 1.005 kJ/kg·K × 21 K × 0.03 x 1000

Heat Gain = 554.01 w

6.4. Total sensible Cooling Load

=5910.74 w

7-Latent Loads:
Occupants
Number =6person
SHGF person=45
Q = NO*SHGF/person
Q=270 w

Air Exchange Rate = 1 air changes per hour

V (m3/sec) =(ACH)*V/3600=0.03

ρ (Density of air) = 1.225 kg/m³

hfg of water = 2,420 KJ/kg. k

ΔT (Temperature Difference) = 15 K

Wo=0.01, Wi = 0.013

Q = ρ*hfg*V (Wo-Wi)
Q=-266.81 w

Ventilation= 0.00708(m3/sec/person

V (m3/sec) =No of person*ventilation Air/person= 0.0424 m3/sec

ρ (Density of air) = 1.225 kg/m³

hfg of water = 2,420 KJ/kg. k

ΔT (Temperature Difference) = 15 K

Wo=0.01, Wi = 0.013

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Q = ρ*hfg*V (Wo-Wi)
Q=-377 W

Equipment
Number =6 computer (90Watt) Q = No *Watt*Latent Heat Fraction

Latent Heat Fraction=0 Q=0

7.1Total Latent Cooling Load (W)
= -373.89

8.Total cooling load:

Total Cooling Load (W) = 5536.85

Total Cooling Load (Btu/h) = 18880.65

Total Cooling Load (TR) = 1.57

9.Excel sheet and building plan:

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 section Length (ft) V ft3/min p/L inWG/50ft Duct loss, Dia inch Velocity
in WG Ft/min

A-B 7.5ft 636 0.1 0.15 7in 2355

B-C 13ft 318 0.1 0.26 3.5in

10. Conclusion:

The total cooling load for the building in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, is estimated to be 42,400
W. This value should guide the selection and design of the HVAC system to ensure the building
remains comfortable and efficient during peak summer conditions.

11. Appendices:

Appendix A: Detailed calculation sheets

Appendix B: Equipment specifications

Appendix C: Design condition data sources

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12. References:

- ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals

- Local weather data reports

Manufacturer's equipment datasheets

For a more detailed and precise calculation, additional information and site-specific data are
required.

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