Presentation GSHP in Qatar

Potential of Geothermal Systems for
Energy Saving in Qatar
1Mohamad Kharseh, 2Abdulrhman Alzaeem

1Willy’s Clean Tech AB, Sweden
1-2Qatar University, Qatar
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Doha 2013 05 27
Presentation structure
1. Energy Survey
Why
2. Geothermal Energy
How
3. Aims
Findings
4. Future Work
International
collaboration
Why
Energy Survey
 World# >15.1010 MWh/year
• 22 MWh/year.Capita
 Qatar# 4.4.108 MWh/year
• 225 MWh/year.Capita
 >86 Mbbl/day oil consumption
Of total energy used

World
Fossil # 85%
Oil # 40%
Qatar
Fossil # 100%
Why
Climate Consequences
annual emission of CO2

 World >30 000 Mtons/y
 4 tons/capita/y
 Qatar >65 Mtons/y X8
 32 tons/capita/y
Why
Economic Consequences
-> The oil price will increase and become more unstable
Why
Thus
More energy= more CO2 = more extreme climate = more

unstable economy
Utilizing renewable energy resources is urgent to have

sustainable future.
How
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal refers to existing of energy under our feet.

It's clean and renewable since the tapped heat is continuously
renovated by natural processes
Based on the depth below the Earth's surface, two main types
of GE:
1. Shallow system (hundreds meters)
Heat comes from above
2. Deep system (3-10 km)
Heat comes directly from magma
How
1. Shallow System
It can be used anywhere in the world (With sufficient annual

temperature amplitude) for heating and cooling purposes
by means of heat pump to save energy and environment.
current installed capacity >70 GW

with annual growth of >12%
How
Concept of GSHP
P~H
9
How
Concept of GSHP
Temperature Lift
TL= 18 C
42 oC
Q (W)
24 oC
HP
P (W)
Cooling system
P ~ TL
Example of horizontal and vertical GSHP
• Heating mode
• Cooling mode
How
Benefit of GSHP
Smaller temperature lift leads to improve the COP

COP = cooling load/driving energy
4.1
3.4
How
Additional benefits of GSHP
 Stable operation conditions

 Eliminating outdoor mechanical equipment,
• more reliable, reduces maintenance, and longer lifetime
How
GSHP in Qatar
Three steps were taken:

1. show the contribution of ground source heat pumps in
saving energy and environment at Qatar conditions
2. The possibility of improving GSHP performance at
operation conditions of Qatar
3. The economic viability of GSHP
Findings
Case study
In order to show the contribution of GSHP in saving energy

and environment, a common type of house located in Doha,
was chosen as case study. The model house consists of four
identical external walls, 12 m in length and 3 m in height,
with a total window opening of 5 m2 on each wall.
Indoor temperature (oC ) 24 Outdoor ventilation air flow (l/s) 58

Throttling range (oC) 1 Designing outdoor temperature (oC) 46
Building area (m2) 144 Number of people 6
Wall U-value (W/m2.K) 1.786 Unoccupied indoor temperature (oC) 27
Roof U-value (W/m2.K) 1.745 Wall 0.45
Absorptivity
Window U-value (W/m2.K) 4.675 Roof 0.45
Widows shade coefficient 0.6 Lighting 2
Internal load (W/m2)
Windows area (m2) 20 Equipment 6
External walls area (m2) 144 External wall 500
Building weight(kg/m2)
space volume (m3) 388.8 Roof 623
Wall heat capacity (kJ/kg.K) 0.864 Roof heat capacity (kJ/kg.K) 0.85
Findings
Cooling Load Calculation
The commercial model hourly analysis program (HAP) was

used for the estimation of cooling load:
 developed by Carrier Corporation
 using ASHRAE calculations method
 hour-by-hour energy simulation
Findings
Cooling Calculation Results
Annual Cooling load (MWh) 45.93

Number of cooling hours (hours) 6205
Maximum cooling capacity (kW) 20.2
Time of occur max. cooling capacity On 16 July At 15:00
Findings
Design borehole heat exchanger
Designing GSHP system means determination of:

 the total borehole length that would be able to provide the
cooling load.
 The annual fluid temperature
For this goal, the Earth Energy Design model (EED) was used.
The table shows assumptions made in this study
Ground temp. (oC) 29 Pipe outer diameter of pipe (m) 0.032

Borehole type Single-U Pipe wall thickness (m) 0.003
2x2
Borehole Configuration Thermal conductivity of pipe (W/m,K) 0.42
rectangle
Borehole Spacing (m) 12 Pipe shank spacing (m) 0.07
Borehole Diameter (m) 0.11 Filling thermal conductivity (W/m,K) 0.622
Flow rate (m3/s) 0.002 Ground thermal conductivity (W/m,K) 2.63
Contact resistance (m,K/W) 0 Ground heat capacity conductivity (MJ/m3,K) 2.45
Findings
Design borehole heat exchanger Results
• The total borehole length is 600 m.

Findings
Determination of COP
The annual operating air temperature (AOAT) of ASHP system is:

8760
𝑖=1 𝑇𝑎,𝑖 ∙𝑞ℎ𝑐,𝑖
𝐴𝑂𝐴𝑇 = + 15
𝑄𝑐
The annual operating ground temperature (AOGT) of GSHP system is:

12
𝑖=1 𝑇𝑓,𝑖 ∙𝑞𝑚𝑐,𝑖
𝐴𝑂𝐺𝑇 = + 10
𝑄𝑐
Where Ta,i is the outdoor temperature at hour i in the year; qhc,i is the cooling
demand at hour i; Tf,i is the fluid temperature in the month i; qmc,i the cooling
load of the month i.
Findings
The annual operating temperature
while the annual operating air temperature of ASHP is 54oC

The annual operating ground temperature of GSHP is 48oC
Findings
Annual COP
Based on the fluid temperature coming to the condenser of

the heat pump the coefficient of performance of the heat
pump (COP) can be calculated using
4.1
3.4
Findings
Driving Energy of A/C System
The energy of the GSHP system to provide the building with

the required cooling load was calculated as follows:
𝑄𝑐
𝐸=
𝐶𝑂𝑃
This way, the annual saving (Cs,an) due to using GSHP system
instead of ASHP in USD is
Q𝑐 1 1
Cs,an = ( − ) ∙ Coil
1.7 ∙ η𝑝𝑝 ∙ η𝑑𝑠 COP𝑨 COP𝑮
Findings
Results
The simulation shows that :

• The cooling load in Qatar is about 319 kWh/m2.y
• Each meter length of ground heat exchanger can provide
with 76.5 kWh cooling load
• The COPA of ASHP system at is 3.4, while the COPG of
GSHP system is 4.11.
• Consequently, the annual energy consumption could be
reduced by 17 % and, consequently, annual emission of
greenhouse gases is reduced at the same rate.
Findings
Results
The economic analysis shows that

• Required borehole’s length is 13 m per MWh of cooling load
• GHE’s cost is $ 119 per MWh of cooling load.
• At the current cost of oil ($105/barrel), the pay-back time
of GSHP system is 15.7 years.
Findings
Possibility of Improvement
Let us assume that the U-values of the wall and the roof of
the case study was upgraded from 1.78 and 1.74,
respectively, to 0.573 W/m2.K (mandated by KAHROMA)
Indoor temperature (oC ) 24 Outdoor ventilation air flow (l/s) 58

Throttling range (oC) 1 Designing outdoor temperature (oC) 46
Building area (m2) 144 Number of people 6
Wall U-value (W/m2.K) 0.573 Unoccupied indoor temperature (oC) 27
Roof U-value (W/m2.K) 0.573 Wall 0.45
Absorptivity
Window U-value (W/m2.K) 4.675 Roof 0.45
Widows shade coefficient 0.6 Lighting 2
Internal load (W/m2)
Windows area (m2) 20 Equipment 6
External walls area (m2) 144 External wall 500
Building weight(kg/m2)
space volume (m3) 388.8 Roof 623
Wall heat capacity (kJ/kg.K) 0.864 Roof heat capacity (kJ/kg.K) 0.85
Findings
This can be achieved by just adding 35 mm of Polyurethane,

which in current case means 302 kg.
Insulation Thermal Density Price

conductivity
W/m.K Kg/m3 $/kg
Polyurethane
0.03 30 4.25
Findings
In this case the cooling load reduced from 45.93 MWh to

38.72 MWh (16 %).
Findings
The table shows assumptions made in this study (same

assumptions)
Ground temp. (oC) 29 Pipe outer diameter of pipe (m) 0.032

Borehole type Single-U Pipe wall thickness (m) 0.003
2x2
Borehole Configuration Thermal conductivity of pipe (W/m,K) 0.42
rectangle
Borehole Spacing (m) 12 Pipe shank spacing (m) 0.07
Borehole Diameter (m) 0.11 Filling thermal conductivity (W/m,K) 0.622
Flow rate (m /s)
3 0.002 Ground thermal conductivity (W/m,K) 2.63
Contact resistance (m,K/W) 0 Ground heat capacity conductivity (MJ/m3,K) 2.45
Findings
The total borehole length is 440 m (it was 600 m)
• The annual operating ground temperature of GSHP is 48oC

Findings
Results
The economic analysis shows that
• The cooling load becomes 268 kWh/m2.y (319)
• By adding 35 mm of insulation the cooling load can be
reduced by 16%.
• The insulation cost is about $ 9 per square meter of the
building.
Findings
Results
• Each meter length of ground heat exchanger can provide
the 88 kWh cooling load (76.5)
• Required borehole’s length is 11 m per MWh of cooling (13)
• GHE’s cost is $ 103 per MWh of cooling load (119)
• At the current cost of oil ($105/barrel), the pay-back time
of GSHP system is 8.7 years (it was 15.7).
• The payback time of the insulation itself is 4 years.
Findings
Energy Booster:
Improving the thermal characteristics of BHE
Findings
Energy Booster
Findings
Energy Booster
 Improve the effective thermal conductivity

 Reduce BHE thermal resistance
• Consequently, improve the performance of A/C systems
Collaboration
Future Work
Utilizing the deep foundation of high building for air

conditioning applications (Energy Piles)
Collaboration with Lehigh University (Dr. Muhannad

Suleiman)
Collaboration
Lehigh at a Glance
 Located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 90
minutes from both New York City and
Philadelphia
 Among the most selective, highly ranked

private research universities in the United
States
 Founded in 1865
 Ranking top 20 universities for Civil

Engineering
 Degrees
 86 undergraduate majors and programs (40%
study abroad, 6% international)
 84 master’s programs
 32 doctoral programs
Collaboration
38
Collaboration
Geothermal Deep Foundations
(Energy Piles)
Photo: Courtesy of Olgun

39
Next Presentation:
2. Deep System
Geothermal power plants use the steam from a reservoir to power
a turbine/generator, while others use the hot water to boil a
working fluid, usually an organic compound with a low boiling
point, that is vaporized and then used to turn a turbine.
Specific Aims
Within the frame of the current work the following Aims will be
fulfilled:
1. Conduct a survey of Qatar’s geothermal resources,

2. Study and evaluate the use of the Organic Rankine Cycle
to produce electricity from oil wells
3. Defined the optimal working conditions

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Potential of Geothermal Systems for

Energy Saving in Qatar

1Mohamad Kharseh, 2Abdulrhman Alzaeem

 World# >15.1010 MWh/year

Of total energy used

annual emission of CO2

More energy= more CO2 = more extreme climate = more

Utilizing renewable energy resources is urgent to have

Geothermal refers to existing of energy under our feet.

It can be used anywhere in the world (With sufficient annual

current installed capacity >70 GW

Smaller temperature lift leads to improve the COP

Additional benefits of GSHP

 Stable operation conditions

Three steps were taken:

In order to show the contribution of GSHP in saving energy

Indoor temperature (oC ) 24 Outdoor ventilation air flow (l/s) 58

Cooling Load Calculation

The commercial model hourly analysis program (HAP) was

Cooling Calculation Results

Annual Cooling load (MWh) 45.93

Design borehole heat exchanger

Designing GSHP system means determination of:

Ground temp. (oC) 29 Pipe outer diameter of pipe (m) 0.032

Design borehole heat exchanger Results

• The total borehole length is 600 m.

The annual operating air temperature (AOAT) of ASHP system is:

The annual operating ground temperature (AOGT) of GSHP system is:

The annual operating temperature

while the annual operating air temperature of ASHP is 54oC

Based on the fluid temperature coming to the condenser of

Driving Energy of A/C System

The energy of the GSHP system to provide the building with

The simulation shows that :

The economic analysis shows that

Indoor temperature (oC ) 24 Outdoor ventilation air flow (l/s) 58

This can be achieved by just adding 35 mm of Polyurethane,

Insulation Thermal Density Price

In this case the cooling load reduced from 45.93 MWh to

The table shows assumptions made in this study (same

Ground temp. (oC) 29 Pipe outer diameter of pipe (m) 0.032

The total borehole length is 440 m (it was 600 m)

• The annual operating ground temperature of GSHP is 48oC

 Improve the effective thermal conductivity

Utilizing the deep foundation of high building for air

Collaboration with Lehigh University (Dr. Muhannad

 Among the most selective, highly ranked

 Ranking top 20 universities for Civil

Photo: Courtesy of Olgun

1. Conduct a survey of Qatar’s geothermal resources,

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