CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – MAIN CAMPUS

A.Y. 2021 – 2022

COOLING LOAD CALCULATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SIZING OF A 12 BY 8 BY 7

FEET AT 2nd FLOOR LIVING SPACE

Activity Project

ME 4119 – HVAC

Semifinals

ENGR. LOUIE A. LARIOSA, ME, MSME

Professor

MAVERICK ALBERT P. MIÑOZA

BSME 4-2

FEBRUARY 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………............... 3-4
1.1 Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………..... 4
2 PART I COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS…………………………………………………….... 4
2.1 Outdoor Design Condition and Envelope…………………………………………………......... 5
2.1.1 Exterior Structures…………………………………………………………………………... 8-9
2.1.2 Interior Structures…………………………………………………………………...……... 9-10
2.1.3 Heat Transfer Coefficients (U)…………………………………………………...………….. 10
2.2 Calculation………………………………………………………………………….…………... 10
2.2.1 Exterior Structures…………………………………………………………………...…... 10-11
2.2.2 Interior Structures…………………………………………………………………………… 12
2.2.3 Infiltration………………………………………………………………………..……..…… 13
2.2.4 People, Lights and Appliances …………………………………………………..……… 13-14
2.3 Summary of Total Sensible Load ……………………………………..……………………… 14
3 PART II AC SIZING………………………………………………………………….……………… 15
3.1 Applicable and Available AC unit……………………………………………….………… 15-16
3.2 Installation…………………………………………………………………..………………..… 16
4 RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………………………………………………17
5 CONCLUSIONS…............................................................................................……………………….18
6 APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
6.1 Appendix A: Tables…………………………………………………………………………… 18
6.1.1 Table 1: CLTD for Single-Family Detached Residences………………………………...… 18
6.1.2 Table 3: GLF for Single-Family Detached Residences…………………………………..… 19
6.1.3 Table 5: Thermal Conductivity of Common Building Materials…………………………… 20
6.1.4 Table 8: Summer ACH as Function of Airtightness………………………………………... 21
6.2Appendix B: Diagrams………………………………………………………………………… 21
6.2.1 Diagram 1: Floor Plan Lay-out…………………………………………………………...… 21
6.2.2 Diagram 2: Direction and Orientation of Wall Surface…………………………………..… 22
6.2.3 Diagram 3: Location of AC Installation…………………………………………….……… 22
6.3 Appendix C: Figures……………………………………………………………………...…… 23
6.3.1 Figure 1: Isometric View of the Room………………………………………………...…… 23
6.3.2 Figure 2: Top View of the Room…………………………………………………………… 23
6.3.3 Figure 3: Interior View of the Room…………………………………………………….…. 24
7 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………...… 25
1 INTRODUCTION
Technology advances throughout the years as it provides assistance to human needs such
as communication, learning, entertainment, and human comfort. Human comfort and necessity
drive these advancements, for these are primarily created to reduce human work and increase
convenience. Nowadays, the global temperature increases every single year, it massively affects
the human population, from consumption to resources. Studies confirmed that Global
temperatures have increased by about 1°C in the past century, where anthropogenic activities are
seen as one of the major culprits (10 Facts about Climate Change, 2020).

Humans adapt to changes in the environment by genetic change, developmental

adjustments, and technological advances. Technological advancements have made things
effortless and convenient for people all around the world, however, excessive and unprecedented
use of inventions can harm the environment. Today, a number of technological innovations are
being sorted to promote energy savings while providing human comfort. Air conditioning units,
once considered as luxury but now an essential, drives human’s nature of comfort, however, a
poorly installed or malfunctioning heating unit can emit dangerous carbon monoxide. These
machines are used to cool down a space by removing heat and moisture from the space and
moving it to the outside area (Afework et al., 2021). In fact, the use of air conditioners and
electric fans already accounts for about fifth of the total electricity in buildings around the world,
roughly 10% of all global electricity consumption. It is statistically true that Air conditioners
play a significant role in human comfort and the demand of this system increases every single
year due to global warming (IEA, 2018).

According to the IndustryARC (2019) approximately 23% - 27% of the household in

Philippines don’t use air conditioning system due to its high cost. Commercial segment
dominates the air conditioning market with 47.84% of the market share in the Philippines .The
market of the air conditioner in the Philippines is expected to grow. This growth is due to rise in
temperature as well as humidity level in the past few years (Globe Newswire, 2020). One of the
great ironies of global warming is that as the planet warms, the technology used for pacifying
inconvenience will only give rise to the global temperature. According to the World Economic
Forum, at the end of the century, greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioning will be
responsible for up to a 0.5-degree Celsius increase in global temperatures. In summary, air
conditioning is in desperate need of an upgrade.

The higher the advancement is, the greater the chance to reduce global warming. When
air conditioning units are properly used, it could maximize its performance and minimize energy
consumption by cooling load calculations method or CLTD. Cooling load calculation method is
regarded as a reasonably accurate approximation of the total heat gains through a building
envelope for the purposes of sizing HVAC equipment. This method was developed as a simpler
calculation alternative to difficult and unwieldy calculation methods such as the transfer function
method and the Sol-air temperature method. Error when using the CLTD method tends to be less
than twenty percent over and less than ten percent under (McQuiston & Spitler, 1992). This
means that less errors could lead to a maximize performance of the unit with less carbon
footprint emission.

1.1 OBJECTIVES

This project aims to provide cooling comfort to a 12 by 8 by 7 feet living room located at the 2nd
floor of the house that has 2 occupants. It aims to provide detailed analysis of the living room
such as its measurements, geographical location, materials being used and the calculation of
cooling load.

This project aims the following:

 Identify the exterior and interior structures of the 12 by 8 by 7 feet living room.
 Computation the living room’s cooling load associated by the data’s obtained.
 Providing the adequate Air conditioning unit through the cooling load calculation.
 Recommendation and installation of the air conditioning unit.
2 PART I COOLING LOAD CALCULATION

2.1 OUTDOOR DESIGN CONDITION AND ENVELOPE

97 |9

Diagram 1: Floor Plan Lay-out (Appendix B: Diagrams)

Diagram 2: Direction and Orientation of Wall Surface (Appendix B: Diagrams)

Figure 1: Isometric View of the Room (Appendix C: Figures)
Figure

Figure 2: Top View of the Room (Appendix C: Figures)

Figure
Figure 3: Interior View of the Room (Appendix C: Figures)
2.1.1 EXTERIOR STRUCTURES

South Wall

Height: 7ft / 2.13m

Length: 8.2ft / 2.5m

Area: 5.32 – 1.32 =4

Thickness: 0.06m

Material: Plywood

South Glass Window (Regular Single Glass, Draperies)

Height: 3.2ft / 0.98m

Length: 4.44ft / 1.35m

Area: 14.2 / 1.32

West Wall

Height: 7ft / 2.13m

Length: 11.8ft / 3.6m

Area: 7.67 - 1.43 = 6.24

Thickness: 0.06m

Material: Plywood

West Glass Window (Regular Single Glass, Draperies)

Height: 3.11ft / 0.95m

Length: 5ft / 1.5m

Area: 15.55 / 1.43

Roof/Ceiling

Height: 2.13m

Area: 9

Thickness: 0.06m

Material: Plywood

2.1.2 INTERIOR STRUCTURES

Door

Height: 2.1m

Length: 0.69m

Area:1.45

Thickness: 0.03 m

Material: Wood-based panels (plywood)

North Wall

Height: 7ft / 2.13m

Length: 8.2ft / 2.5m

Area: 57.4 / 5.32

Thickness: 0.06m

Material: Plywood

East Wall

Height: 7ft / 2.13m

Length: 11.8ft / 3.6m

Area: 82.6 / 7.67

Thickness: 0.06m

Material: Plywood

Floor

Area: 9

Thickness: 0.06m

Material: Plywood

2.1.3 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS (U)

The values of U are based on table 5 ( Appendix A: Tables )

Plywood: 0.13 .

2.2 CALCULATION

2.2.1 EXTERIOR STRUCTURES

South Glass Window (Regular Single Glass, Draperies, Area = 1.32 )

Q = A * GLF

Where: GLF = 88

= (1.32 ) (88 )

= .

West Glass Window (Regular Single Glass, Draperies, Area = 1.43 )

Where: GLF = 145

= (1.43 ) (145 )

= .
South Wall (Area = 4 , Thickness = 0.06 m ) Material: Plywood

= ∗ ∗

Where: CLTD = 6K

0.13
= − (4 )(6 )
0.06

West Wall (Area = 6.24 , Thickness = 0.06 m ) Material: Plywood

= ∗ ∗

Where: CLTD = 10 K

0.13
= − (6.24 )(10 )
0.06

= .

Roof/Ceiling (Area = 9 , Thickness = 0.06 m, Height = 2.13 m ) Material : Plywood

Where: CLTD = 23K

0.13
= − (9 )(10 )
0.06

=
2.2.2 INTERIOR STRUCTURES

= ∗ ∗

Where: CLTD = 5K

Door (Area = 1. 45 , Thickness = 0.03 m ) Material: Plywood

0.13
= − (1.45 )(5 )
0.03

= 31.42 W

North Wall (Area = 5.32 , Thickness = 0.06 m ) Material : Plywood

0.13
= − (5.32 )(5 )
0.06

= .

East Wall (Area = 7.67 , Thickness = 0.06 m ) Material : Plywood

0.13
= − (7.67 )(5 )
0.06

= .

Floor (Area = 9 , Thickness = 0.06 ) Material : Plywood

0.13
= − (9 )(5 )
0.06

= .
2.2.3 INFILTRATION

= ∗ ∗ ( ) ∗ ρ ∗ (ΔT)

Where: ACH = 0.70 (Loose)

( ) = 1.005

ρ = 1.225

V = (floor area)(ceiling height) = (9 )(2.13m) = 19.17

ΔT = Outside temp − desired room temp = 32°C - 24°C = 8

ℎ
= 0.70 ∗ 19.17 ∗ 1.005 ∗ 1.225 ∗8
ℎ −

1,000 1ℎ
= 132.16
ℎ 1 3600

= 36.71 W

2.2.4 PEOPLE, LIGHTS, AND APPLIANCES

= ∗ 65

The room is design for outmost 2 people,

= 2 ∗ 65

The following are the lights and appliances of the room.

Number of lights and appliances Wattage Total

1 LED Lights 9W 9W
1 Electric Fan 60 W 60 W

1 Laptop 50 W 50 W

2 Mobile Phones 3W 6W
 TOTAL 125 W

2.3 SUMMARY OF TOTAL SENSIBLE LOAD

U-Factor Cooling
Net GLF
Item Thickness m CLTD Load
Area W/
− W
South Wall
4 0.06 0.13 6 52
(Interior)
West Wall
6.24 0.06 0.13 10 135.2
(Interior)
South Glass
Window 1.32 88 116.16
(Draperies)
West Glass
Window 1.43 145 207.35
(Draperies)
Roof/Ceiling
9 0.06 0.13 23 195
(Exterior)
Door (interior) 1.45 0.03 0.13 5 31.42
North Wall
5.32 0.06 0.13 5 57.63
(Interior)
East Wall
7.67 0.06 0.13 5 83.09
(Interior)
Floor (Interior) 9 0.06 0.13 5 97.5

Infiltration 36.71

People 130
Lights and
125
Appliances
Total Sensible Load 1267.06
Latent Load Factor
1.3
(LF)
Total Cooling Load 1647.18
3 PART II AC SIZING

The room 12 x 8 x 7 feet located at the 2nd floor has generated a total cooling load of 1647.18 W.
This load is equivalent to 5929.84 that is needed to remove from the space to achieve the
thermal comfort which has a desired temperature of 24°C.

Based with the size and the generated heat load of the room, window type AC is recommended

3.1 APPLICABLE AND AVAILABLE AC UNIT

1. Mabe 0.6 HP Simply Chill Window AC (Openbox) | Model: MEV05VQ

2. Camel 0.65 HP ECONOseries Window Type AC | Model: CACW-06M

 Cooling
Dimension
Applicable Load Rating Price
Model WxDxH EER
Unit Capacity Hp PHP
(mm)
(KJ/hr)
Mabe Simply
Chill Window
MEV05VQ 408x385x303 6000 0.6 11.5 8,650.00
AC
(Openbox)
Camel
ECONOseries
CACW-06M 406x390x306 6000 0.65 11.1 8,939.00
Window
Type AC

Both Window Type AC have the same cooling load capacity which is 6000 KJ/hr. Mabe
MEV05VQ has the rating hp of 0.6 with a energy efficiency ratio of 11.5 while Camel CACW-
06M has the rating hp of 0.65 bigger than the Mabe MEV05VQ but its EER is 11.1 which means
Mabe MEV05VQ is much energy efficient and much cheaper than the other one. Therefore,
Mabe MEV05VQ is the suitable AC unit in terms of energy efficiency and it is economical for
this project.

3.2 INSTALLATION

Diagram 3: Location of AC installation (Appendix B: Diagrams)

4 RECOMMENDATIONS

The above calculations are very important in determining the cooling load of the space provided.
Through it, the adequate AC can be chosen in an energy efficient way of using the appliance.
There are also theoretical and practical ways how to install and use the air conditioner, the
following are recommended.

Glass windows are relevant to the room because it illuminates the space and the position of it
also affects the cooling load. Based on the Table 3, Glass windows offer the highest cooling load
per unit area which means windows tends to become one factor that contributes high amount of
heat energy that needs to be removed to maintain the temperature in an acceptable range. Sun
often moves from east to west therefore, it is recommended to install glass windows at north and
south side of the room where there is low concentration of heat coming from the Sun.

Also, the materials are one of the factors that contributes cooling load and therefore it is
recommended that furnishing a room use standard materials to lessen the infiltrations of the room
because heat enters to the space because of infiltration.

Appliances inside the room such as gadgets and lights must be used when it is needed not just to
minimize the electricity cost but also to lessen cooling load when the AC is turned on.

Installation of the AC unit of this living space is recommended to be installed at south wall side
because there is indirect sunlight in this place. Also it is the only part which the AC could be
installed where the factor of energy efficiency is followed.
5 CONCLUSIONS

Overall, it is important to calculate the cooling load of the living space when installing an AC
unit. It minimizes the electricity cost and could find the required AC unit fit for the room. Also
rooms with higher area have the highest infiltration and the aged the house is the higher the Air
changes per hour is. The most ideal part of the room that an air conditioner must be installed is in
the south and north wall with the lowest cooling load temperature difference because it maximize
the cooling performance of the AC unit at the possible lowest energy consumption.

6 APPENDICES

6.1 APPENDIX A: TABLES

6.1.1 Table 1: CLTD for Single-Family Detached Residences

6.1.2 Table 3: GLF for Single-Family Detached Residences
6.1.3 Table 5: Thermal Conductivity of Common Building Materials
6.1.4 Table 8: Summer ACH as Function of Airtightness

6.2 APPENDIX B: DIAGRAMS

6.2.1 Diagram 1: Floor Plan Lay-out

6.2.2 Diagram 2: Direction and Orientation of Wall Surfaces

6.2.3 Diagram 3: Location of AC installation

6.3 APPENDIX C: FIGURES

6.3.1 Figure 1: Isometric View of the Room

6.3.2 Figure 2: Top View of the Room

6.3.2 Figure 3: Interior View of the Room
7 REFERENCES

10 Facts about Climate Change. (2019, February 11). spunout. https://spunout.ie/life/climate/10-

facts-about-climate-change

Donev, J. et al. (2021). Energy Education - Air conditioner [Online]. Available:

https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Air_conditioner. [Accessed: February 22, 2022].

IEA (2018), The Future of Cooling, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-cooling

Philippines Air Conditioning Market – Forecast.(2019). Retrieved from

https://www.industryarc.com/Report/19051/philippines-air-conditioning-
market#:~:text=Approximately%2023%25%2D27%25%20of,segment%20during%20the%20for
ecast%20period.&text=Commercial%20segment%20dominates%20the%20air,market%20share
%20in%20the%20Philippines

Philippines Air Conditioner Market Analysis Report 2020: Room Air Conditioner Demand 2016-
2019 & Commercial Air Conditioner Demand 2013-2019. (2020, September 25). Retrieved from
https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/09/25/2099164/28124/en/Philippines-Air-
Conditioner-Market-Analysis-Report-2020-Room-Air-Conditioner-Demand-2016-2019-
Commercial-Air-Conditioner-Demand-2013-2019.html

Spitler, J.D., F.C. McQuiston, K. Lindsey. The CLTD/SCL/CLF Cooling Load Calculation
Method, ASHRAE Transactions. 1993; 99(1): 183–192