Vitamins to scurvy (characterized by swollen bleeding gums and

>Latin word vita meaning life and the suffix amine, : the
nitrogen compound opening of previously healed wounds) a deficiency of
>Group of unrelated organic compounds found in food Vitamin B leads to beriberi (a disease causing
which are needed only in minute quantities in the diet. inflammation
>Essential for specific metabolic reactions of the nerves, deficiency of thiamine or Vitamin B1)
> Necessary for normal growth and maintenance of
health > Hypervitaminosis "vitamin toxicity", a result of
>Crucial in the growth, repair and healthy functioning of excessive
body tissues accumulation of a vitamin in the body.
>Do not give energy to the body > Vitamin Malnutrition - the prefix "Mal" meaning bad
>Merely help convert food into energy through many denotes
biochemical reactions that too much or too little vitamin is not good for the
>Taking extra vitamins cannot increase one's physical health
capacity > Vitamin-like compounds - some substances have
>Shortage of vitamins may lead to fatigue to physiologic
>Long term vitamin deficiency results in deterioration of roles like vitamins but they are present in larger amounts
health and
>Can't be produced by the body except vitamin D and are partially synthesized in the body. These substance
niacin include
>Shortage of vitamins may result in loss of appetite choline, lipoic acid, inositol and ubiquinone
(Vitamin A, B, C) > Antivitamins or Vitamin antagonists - these are
>Do not have caloric value substances
>Vitamin supplements may contain few calories in their that interfere with the normal functioning of a vitamin.
sugar coating (amount is negligible) They
need to be similar in chemical composition as the vitamin
>Precursors or Provitamins - these are compounds which they "antagonize". Example Dicumerol against vitamin K,
can be changed to active vitamins. Ex. Carotenes and Avidin against Biotin, and Thiaminase, against Thiamine
cryptoxanthin are precursors of Vitamin A. Ergosterol (Vitamin B1)
when radiated becomes Vitamin D.
>Preformed Vitamins naturally occurring vitamins that Toxicity Symptoms for
are
inactive form and ready for biological use Selected Vitamins
>Avitaminosis - a condition resulting from lack of a Vitamin Toxicity from overdose
vitamin. Water Soluble Vitamins: -Diarrhea -Nausea
Ex. Avitaminosis A leads to night blindness and Vitamin C Cramps -Formation of
xerophthalmia ( abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and excess oxalic acid in the
cornea of the eye with inflammation). Avitaminosis C body -Acidification of
leads
urine -Interference with
 the use of therapeutic Nomenclture of vitamins
drugs -Intestinal
Obstruction -False
positive urine diabetic
test
Niacin (Vitamin B3) -Skin burning, flushing,
itching -Nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea -Liver
and eye damage

Vitamin B12
(Cobalamin/Cyanocobalamin -Allergic shock,
-synthetic of Vitamin B12) especially when vitamin
is injected
Fat-Soluble Vitamins: -Liver damage -Hair loss
Vitamin A -Bone damage -Potential
birth defects
Vitamin D Sever high blood
calcium-Brain damage -
Heart damage -Potential
birth defects
Vitamin E -Cramps, diarrhea -
Dizziness, blurred vision,
headaches -Increased
serum triglycerides in
women -Decreased
> Word vitamin was coined by Casimir Funk in 1912
serum thyroid hormone
Was searching for cure to beriberi in rice bran
in men and women
Vitamin K -Formation of blood clots > The missing substance he called vitamine comes from vita meaning necessary
-Jaundice in infants for life and amine denoting that the anti-beriberi factors contained nitrogen.
>He hypothesized that nutritional deficiencies which were observed in the past
(scurvy, pellagra and rickets) were due to the lack of "vitamine"
>Researchers later showed that not all dietary factors contained nitrogen, so the
final letter "e" was dropped, hence the word "Vitamin".

> Formally called "accessory food factors", last group of organic compounds
discovered.
> Word vitamin was coined by Casimir Funk in 1912
>Was searching for cure to beriberi in rice bran
>The missing substance he called vitamine comes from vita meaning necessary  Observation
for life and amine denoting that the anti beriberi factors contained nitrogen.  Physical Examination
> He hypothesized that nutritional deficiencies which were observed in the past  Interview
(scurvy, pellagra and rickets) were due to the lack of "vitamine"  Record Review
> Researchers later showed that not all dietary factors contained nitrogen, so the  Laboratory/Diagnostic Tests
final letter "e" was dropped, hence the word "Vitamin". Health Threats Practices
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH PROBLEMS
Classification of Vitamins on the Basis of Solubility -refers to conditions which predispose to disease, accident, poor or retarded
Fat-Soluble Vitamins A, D, E and K growth and development and personality disorder and a failure to realize one's
Water-Soluble Vitamins are B complex and Vitamin C health potentials.
Health Deficits refer to instances of failure in health maintenance and
General Properties and Stability development
Besides solubility properties, fat-soluble vitamins differ from water-soluble Foreseeable Crisis or Stresses
vitamins based on the following criteria: -refers to anticipated periods of unusual demands on the individual or the family
1. Fat soluble vitamins generally have precursors or provitamins in terms of adjustment or family resources.
2. Because they can be stored in the body, deficiencies are slow to develop ASSESSMENT OF FAMILIES
3. They are not absolutely needed daily from food sources 1. Assessment of environmental condition
4. They are generally stable, especially in ordinary cooking methods 2. Health status assessment
3. Family health practices
Water-soluble vitamins have the following general characteristics: 4. Family lifestyle
1. They must be supplied everyday in the diet ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH RISK FAMILIES
2. They do not have precursors Assessment of health risk families - are those who experience a particular event
3. They are not stored significantly in the body and any excess is excreted in the or other events of any disease repeatedly, that make them more prone towards
urine physical, psychological and environmental response.
4. Deficiency symptoms develop relatively fast. PLANNING FOR NURSING ACTION
5. Being water soluble, they are most likely to be destroyed in ordinary cooking  Goal setting and selection of appropriate strategy
 Formulation of nursing diagnosis
 Resources available
ASSESSMENT THROUGH FAMILY
 Health records
 Clinics
 Observation
FAMILY HEALTH ASSESSMENT  Physical Health Assessment
1.Establishing a working relationship IMPLEMENTING THE PROGRAMME
The family and nurse maintain a working relationship.  Implementation of nursing process in family health care is foundation of
2. Assessment of Health Needs nursing practice. Nurse uses family health care process to promote the
 Assessment is a continuous process which becomes more accurate as health of families and differentiate from work with individual events.
knowledge of people deepens EVALUATION OF PROGRAM ACTION
 Family structure, characteristics and dynamics  Evaluation is not an end to family health care program, it is continuing
 Socio-economic and cultural characteristics process integrated in the other phases.
 Home and Environment Typology
 Health Status of each member First level assessment
 Values and practices on health promotion 1. WELLNESS POTENTIAL
A. WELLNESS POTENTIAL ✓ Nature of condition
B. READINESS FOR ENHANCED WELLNESS ✓ Modifiability
2. HEALTH THREATS ✓ Preventive potential
3. HEALTH DEFICITS ✓ Salience
4. FORESSEABLE CRISIS SITUATIONS
SECOND LEVEL ASSESSMENT
• Inability to recognize the presence of a problem
• Inability to make decisions with respect to taking appropriate health action
• Inability to provide adequate nursing care to the sick disabled, dependent or
vulnerable/ at risk member of the family
• Inability to provide a home environment which is conducive to health
maintenance and personal development
• Failure to utilize community resources for health care
Criteria in Different Priorities
• Nature of the Problem Presented
Categorized whether a Health Threat, Health Deficit or Foreseeable Crisis
• Modifiability of the Problem The goals and objectives of nursing care: (Expected Outcomes)
Refers to the probability of success in minimizing alleviating or totally eradicating ✓ Conditions to be observed to show problem is prevented, controlled, resolved
the problem through health intervention or eliminated
• Preventive Potential ✓ Client responses or behaviors
Refers to the nature and magnitude of the future problem that can be minimized ✓ SMART
or totally prevented if intervention is done in the problem. The plan of interventions DECIDE ON:
• Salience ✓ Measures to help family eliminate barriers to performance of health tasks
Refers to the family perception & evaluation of the problem in terms seriousness ✓ Underlying causes of non performance of health status
& urgency of attention needed. ✓ Family centered alternatives to recognize health condition
SCORING ✓ Determine methods of Nurse Family Contact
1. Decide on a score for each of the criteria ✓ Specify Resources Needed
2. Divide the score by the highest possible score and multiply by the weight The plan of Evaluating
✓ Criteria/Outcomes Based on Objectives of Car
✓ Methods/Tools
3. Sum up the scores for all the criteria. The highest score is 5, equivalent to the Roles of Family Nursing
total weight.  Health Teacher
- The higher the score (near 5 and above) of a given problem, the more likely it is  Coordinator, collaborator, and liaison
taken as a PRIORITY  Deliverer and supervisor of care and technical expert
- With the available scores, the nurse then RANKS health problems accordingly  Family advocate
THE NURSING CARE PLAN(Family Care Plan)  Consultant
The Family Care Plan  Counselor
- Is the blueprint of the care that the nurse designs to systematically minimize or  Case finder and epidemiologist
eliminate the identified health and family nursing problems through explicitly  Environmental modifier
formulated outcomes of care and deliberately chosen of interventions, resources  Clarifier and interpreter
and evaluation criteria, standards, methods and tools.  Surrogate
Steps in Developing A Family Nursing Care Plan  Researcher
The prioritized condition or problems based on:  Role Model
  Case Manager PLANNING
Home visit  Preparatory Phase
• Is a PROFESSIONAL contact between PHN and the FAMILY  Starts at the health center
• The services provided is an extension of the Health Service Agency (Health  Makes a study on the status of the family
Center)  Statement of the problem
OBJECTIVES OF HOME VISIT  Formation of objective
✓ASSESSMENT SOCIALIZATION
✓NURSING CARE Home Visit Phase
✓TREATMENT First activity is to establish rapport and to gain the trust of the family
✔HEALTH EDUCATION ACTIVITY
✓REFERRAL Home Visit Phase
• PURPOSES  Intervention/Professional Phase
1. Give nursing to the sick, post partum mother and newborn  Opportunity to provide or extend health services
2. Assess living condition of client and their health practices  Standard Role of the Nurse: Independent, Dependent and
3. Give health teachings Interdependent
4. Establish relationship with health agency and public.  To be effective, come in complete uniform
5. Make use of inter-referral system and promote utilization of community SUMMARIZATION
services POST VISIT PHASE
PRINCIPLES  Ability to put into record and report about the outcome of the activity
1.Must have a purpose and objective FACTORS AFFECTING FREQUENCY OF HOME VISIT
2. Make use available information about the patient and his family 1. Physical, Psychological and Educational
3.Consider and prioritize essential needs of the individual and family 2. Acceptance of family
4.Should involve the individual and family in planning and delivery of care. 3. Policies given by the agency
5.Plan should be flexible PUBLIC HEALTH BAG
Priotities •Indispensable tool that should be organize to save time and effort and to
To prevent cross contamination prevent cross infection and contamination
1. Newborn Contents of the Bag
2. Postpartum  Paper lining
3. Pregnant mothers  Extra paper for making bag for waste materials (paper bag)
4. Morbid cases  Plastic linenlining
Important steps of home visit  Apron
1. Greet client and family then introduce yourself  Hand towel in plastic bag
2.Explain the purpose of the visit.  Soap in soap dish
3. Observe the patient and determine the health  Thermometers in case [one oral and rectal]
4. Put the bag in a convenient place then perform bag technique  2 pairs of scissors [1 surgical and 1 bandage]
5. Perform nursing care and give health teachings  2 pairs of forceps [curved and straight]
6. Record all important data, observation and care rendered.  Syringes (5 ml and 2 ml]
7. Make an appointment for a return visit.  Hypodermic needles g. 19, 22, 23, 25
PHASES OF HOME VISIT  Dressing [OS, cotton ball]
1. PLANNING  Alcohol lamp
2. SOCIALIZATION  Tape Measure
3. ACTIVITY  Baby's scale
4. SUMMARIZATION  1 pair of rubber gloves
  2 test tubes 12. Fold the lining, place it inside the bag. Close the bag
 Test tube holder 13. Take the record and have a talk with the mother.
 Medicines 14. Make an appointment for the next visit
 betadine
 70% alcohol
 ophthalmic ointment (antibiotic)
 zephiran solution
 hydrogen peroxide
Bag technique
 A tool making use of PH Bag and which the public health nurse can
perform procedures during home visits.
 Rationale
Helps render effective nursing care to clients
SPECIAL CONSIDERATION
B-A-G
Bag and its contents must be free from any contamination
Always perform handwashing
Gather necessary equipment to render effective nursing care
PUBLIC HEALTH BAG
Guiding Principles in the use of PH Bag
• CONTENT - should be prepared by the one who will make home visit
• CLEANING
✓The inner part of the bag should be clean and sterile
✓should be done every after home visit
✓Never endorse the bag

Care of Communicable Case-

Should be disinfected with the use of 70% Isopropyl alcohol or Lysol which
should be done at the health center and not home
STEPS IN PERFORMING THE BAG TECHNIQUE ACTIONS
1. Upon arrival, place the bag on the table lined with a clean paper.
2. Ask for a basin of water
3. Open the bag and take out the towel and soap.
4. Wash hands.
5. Take out the apron and put it on with the right side
6. Put all the necessary articles needed for the specific care
7. Close the bag and put it in one corner of the working area
8. Perform nursing care and treatment
9. After giving the treatment, clean all things that were used and perform
handwashinG
10. Open the bag and return all things that were used in their proper place
11. Remove apron, folding it away from the person, the soiled side in and the
clean side out. Place it in the bag
 There are two different ways of moving the king: by moving to any adjoining
square not attacked by one or more of the opponent’s pieces or by castling.

The latter is a move made by the king and either rook of the same colour along
the player’s first rank, counting as a single move of the king and executed as
follows: the king is transferred from its original square two squares towards the
rook on its original square, then that rook is transferred to the square the king
has just crossed.
Promoted Pawn
Whenever a pawn (black or white) reaches the last rank, it can promote into a
queen, rook, bishop, or knight. We can see that for white the last rank is the 8th
rank, and for black it is the 1st rank.

Check and checkmate

What is a check?
Check is a condition in chess when a player’s king is under
threat of capture. The player who is in check must remove their king out of
check in their next move.

There are three ways to remove a check:

1. Capture the piece that is giving check.
In the given example, we can see Black’s king is in check. Black’s only way to
get rid of this check is by capturing the bishop on h7. Because the bishop on h7
is not protected by any piece, this is a legal move.

2. Moving the king away from check

As we can see, the bishop is now protected by the knight. Black can’t
capture the bishop; however, black can move his king to the h8 square.
Special chess move
En passant capture
A pawn attacking a square crossed by an opponent’s pawn which has
advanced two squares in one move from its original square may capture this
opponent’s pawn as though the latter had been moved only one square. This
capture is only legal in the following move:

3. Blocking the piece giving check

It is also possible to stop a check without moving the king.In this position, black
could move his king to h8 and move away from the line of attack; furthermore,
he can place a piece in bishop’s diagonal to protect his king.

Castling

Relative value of chess pieces

Because every single piece in chess has unique movement, they possess
different strengths and weaknesses. For this reason, it is important to know the
“value” or “points” each piece has. While these points do not give you an
absolute tool to evaluate every single position in chess, they help you
understand which trades are beneficial and which trades you should avoid.

The pawn is worth 1 point

The bishop is worth 3 points
The knight is worth 3 points
The rook is worth 5 points
The queen is worth 9 points