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    Semiconductor Diode Applications

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    vonrenvilaniban
    Conductor

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    Semiconductor Diode Applications

    Uploaded by

    vonrenvilaniban
    1 views30 pages
    Conductor

    Original Title

    Semiconductor-Diode-Applications

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Conductor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views30 pages

    Semiconductor Diode Applications

    Uploaded by

    vonrenvilaniban
    Conductor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 30

    SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE

    APPLICATIONS
    HALF – WAVE RECTIFIER
    FULL – WAVE RECTIFIER
    FILTER CIRCUITS
    VOLTAGE REGULATORS
    LIMITERS
    CLAMPERS
    VOLTAGE MULTIPLIERS

    REPARED BY:
    ENGR. ALWYN JOHN BATU
    SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE APPLICATIONS
    • RECTIFIER - A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating
    current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC),
    which flows in only one direction.
    HALF – WAVE RECTIFIER
    • IDEAL DIODE
    HALF – WAVE RECTIFIER
    • IDEAL DIODE
    HALF – WAVE RECTIFIER
    • IDEAL DIODE
    HALF – WAVE RECTIFIER
    • IDEAL DIODE

    𝑉𝑃
    𝑉𝐴𝑉𝐺 =
    𝜋

    Note: Average value is the value measured


    on a dc voltmeter.
    HALF – WAVE RECTIFIER
    • PRACTICAL DIODE
    EXAMPLE
    a. Sketch the output 𝑉0 and determine the dc level of the output.
    b. Repeat (a) if the ideal diode is replaced by a silicon diode.
    HALF – WAVE RECTIFIER
    The peak inverse voltage (PIV) [or PRV (peak reverse voltage)] rating
    of the diode is of primary importance in the design of rectification
    systems.
    FULL – WAVE RECTIFIER
    • allows unidirectional (one-way) current through the load during the entire of
    the input cycle
    • the result of full-wave rectification is an output voltage with a frequency
    twice the input frequency and that pulsates every half-cycle of the input

    𝑉𝑃
    𝑉𝐴𝑉𝐺 =
    𝜋
    Note: Average value is the
    value measured on a dc
    voltmeter.
    FULL – WAVE RECTIFIER
    CENTER – TAPPED RECTIFIER
    • a type of full-wave rectifier that uses two diodes connected to the secondary of
    a center-tapped transformer. The input voltage is coupled through the
    transformer to the center-tapped secondary. Half of the total secondary voltage
    appears between the center tap and each end of the secondary winding.
    FULL – WAVE RECTIFIER
    CENTER – TAPPED RECTIFIER
    FULL – WAVE RECTIFIER
    CENTER – TAPPED RECTIFIER
    OUTPUT VOLTAGE:
    𝑽𝒔𝒆𝒄
    𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 = − 𝟎. 𝟕
    𝟐

    PEAK INVERSE VOLTAGE PIV:

    𝑷𝑰𝑽 = 𝟐𝑽𝒑(𝒐𝒖𝒕) + 𝟎. 𝟕
    EXAMPLE
    (a) Show the voltage waveforms across each half of the secondary winding and
    across 𝑅𝐿 when a 100 V peak sine wave is applied to the primary winding.
    (b) What minimum PIV rating must the diodes have? For 160 V?
    EXAMPLE
    Consider the circuit below.
    (a) What is the total peak secondary voltage?
    (b) Sketch the voltage waveform across 𝑅𝐿 .
    (c) What is the PIV for each diode?
    FILTERS
    • A power supply filter ideally eliminates the fluctuations in the output voltage
    of a halfwave or full-wave rectifier and produces a constant-level dc voltage.
    • Filtering is necessary because electronic circuits require a constant source of
    dc voltage and current to provide power and biasing for proper operation.
    • Filters are implemented with capacitors.
    • The small amount of fluctuation in the filter output voltage is called ripple
    FILTERS
    FILTERS
    FILTERS
    FILTERS
    FILTERS
    RIPPLE VOLTAGE
    - Variation in capacitor voltage due to charging and discharging. Generally,
    ripple is undesirable, thus the smaller the ripple, the better the filtering action.
    FILTERS
    RIPPLE FACTOR 𝑟
    - Indication of the effectiveness of the filter. The lower the factor, the better the
    filter. It can be lowered by increasing the value of the filter capacitor or
    increasing the load resistance.
    𝑽𝒓(𝒑𝒑)
    𝒓=
    𝑽𝑫𝑪

    where: 𝑉𝑟(𝑝𝑝) = peak-to-peak ripple voltage


    𝑉𝐷𝐶 = dc average value of the filters output voltage
    FILTERS
    FULL WAVE RECTIFIER 𝑉𝑟(𝑝𝑝) AND 𝑉𝐷𝐶 VALUES

    𝟏
    𝑽𝒓(𝒑𝒑) ≅ 𝑉𝑝(𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
    𝒇𝑹𝑳 𝑪
    𝟏
    𝑽𝑫𝑪 ≅ 𝟏− 𝑉𝑝(𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
    𝟐𝒇𝑹𝑳 𝑪
    EXAMPLE
    Determine the ripple factor for the filtered bridge rectifier with a load as indicated
    in the figure below.
    EXAMPLE
    2. Determine the peak-to-peak ripple and dc output voltage in figure below. The transformer has
    a 36 V rms secondary voltage rating, and the line voltage has a frequency of 60 Hz.

    3. What value of filter capacitor is required to produce a 1% ripple factor for a full-wave
    rectifier having a load resistance of 1.5 kΩ? Assume the rectifier produces a peak output of
    18 V.
    VOLTAGE REGULATOR
    A voltage regulator is connected to the output of a filtered rectifier and maintains
    a constant output voltage (or current) despite changes in the input, the load
    current, or the temperature.
    BASIC POWER SUPPLY
    PERCENT REGULATION
    Figure of merit used to specify the performance of a voltage regulator. It can be
    in terms of line regulation or load regulation.

    LINE REGULATION
    - Specifies how much change occurs in the output voltage for a given change in
    the input voltage. It is typically defied as a ration of a change in output
    voltage for a corresponding change in the input voltage expressed as a
    percentage.
    ∆𝑽𝑶𝑼𝑻
    𝑳𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
    ∆𝑽𝒊𝒏
    PERCENT REGULATION
    LOAD REGULATION
    - Specifies how much change occurs in the output voltage over a certain range
    of load current values, usually from minimum current (no load) to a
    maximum current (full load).

    𝑽𝑵𝑳 − 𝑽𝑭𝑳
    𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
    𝑽𝑭𝑳
    EXAMPLE
    A certain 7805 regulator has a measured no-load output voltage of 5.18 V and a
    full-load output of 5.15 V. What is the load regulation expressed as a percentage?

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