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    EDC Lab 4

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    Z S Plays
    The document describes an experiment on full-wave bridge rectification and power supply filtering. It discusses how a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit uses four diodes configured to convert both half-cycles of an AC input into a pulsating DC output. It also discusses how a capacitive filter can be added to reduce ripple on the DC output voltage through charging and discharging of the capacitor. The procedures measure voltage outputs at different points in the rectifier and filter circuits using an oscilloscope and multimeter to observe and analyze the effects of rectification and filtering.

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    EDC Lab 4

    Uploaded by

    Z S Plays
    35 views10 pages
    The document describes an experiment on full-wave bridge rectification and power supply filtering. It discusses how a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit uses four diodes configured to convert both half-cycles of an AC input into a pulsating DC output. It also discusses how a capacitive filter can be added to reduce ripple on the DC output voltage through charging and discharging of the capacitor. The procedures measure voltage outputs at different points in the rectifier and filter circuits using an oscilloscope and multimeter to observe and analyze the effects of rectification and filtering.

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    EDC LAB

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    The document describes an experiment on full-wave bridge rectification and power supply filtering. It discusses how a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit uses four diodes configured to convert both half-cycles of an AC input into a pulsating DC output. It also discusses how a capacitive filter can be added to reduce ripple on the DC output voltage through charging and discharging of the capacitor. The procedures measure voltage outputs at different points in the rectifier and filter circuits using an oscilloscope and multimeter to observe and analyze the effects of rectification and filtering.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views10 pages

    EDC Lab 4

    Uploaded by

    Z S Plays
    The document describes an experiment on full-wave bridge rectification and power supply filtering. It discusses how a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit uses four diodes configured to convert both half-cycles of an AC input into a pulsating DC output. It also discusses how a capacitive filter can be added to reduce ripple on the DC output voltage through charging and discharging of the capacitor. The procedures measure voltage outputs at different points in the rectifier and filter circuits using an oscilloscope and multimeter to observe and analyze the effects of rectification and filtering.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Experiment 4: FULL WAVE BRIDGE

    RECTIFICATION
    Full-wave rectifier -a diode configuration in which positive and negative alternations of an ac input signal
    are converted into a pulsating dc output signal.

    OBJECTIVE
    When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to demonstrate full-wave rectification by using
    a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit. You will verify your results with an oscilloscope and a multimeter.

    DISCUSSION
     A full-wave rectifier converts positive and negative alternations of an ac signal into a pulsating
    dc signal, as shown above.

     Full-wave bridge rectifiers a circuit that performs full-wave rectification.


     The input to the bridge rectifier circuit is usually the secondary coil of a power transformer.
     The transformer isolates the bridge rectifier from the ac source and serves to step up (increase)
    or step down (decrease) the ac input to the bridge rectifier.
     Two types of circuits that utilize diodes for full-wave rectification are illustrated. One employs a
    center-tapped full-wave rectifier while the second uses a full-wave bridge rectifier.
     The full-wave bridge circuitis used in this exercise.
     Diode bridges contain four diodes, designated D1 through D4, configured so that two diodes
    conduct during each half-cycle of the input ac signal and produce a pulsating output.
     The pulsating dc output flows through the load resistance in one direction, independent of
    which ac cycle the current is derived.
     Two input terminals, usually labeled with a sine wave symbol, and two output terminals, labeled
    with positive and negative symbols, are present on the bridge rectifier.
     Diodes D1 and D3 are forward biased during the positive half-cycle of the ac input signal.
     Diodes D2 and D4 are forward biased duringthe negative half-cycle of the ac inputsignal.
     Each diode pair conducts for one half-cycle of the ac input signal, resulting in full-wave
    rectification.
     Since there are two dc pulses for one complete cycle of the input ac waveform, theoutput pulse
    frequency of a full-wave rectifier is twice the ac input frequency.
     The following relationships apply tofull-wave diode bridge rectifiers.
     Peak output voltage (Vo(pk)) equals the peak input voltage (Vi(pk)) minus the forwardvoltage
    drop (VF) of the two conducting diodes.
     Vo(pk)= Vi(pk)−2VF
     Output rms voltage (Vo(rms)) equals 0.707 times the peak output voltage.
     Vo(rms)= 0.707 x Vo(pk)
     Output average (Vo(avg)) voltage equals 0.636 timesthe peak output voltage.
     Vo(avg)= 0.636 x Vo(pk)

    PROCEDURE
     Connect the circuit as shown in figure below.

     Adjust the generator for a 20 Vpp, 100 HzSine wave at the T1 secondary coil.
     Compare the transformer secondary peak topeak voltage with primary voltage and check that
    both signals are inphase.
     Use the step up transformer that adjusts secondary voltage of 20 voltage when primary voltages
    are 16 peak to peak voltages.
     Observe the output across R1 by connecting the oscilloscope probe on the (+) output test point
    of the bridge rectifier.
    Simulation:
    1)cirucit diagram:

    (sample diagram font should be the same as the above diagram)

    2)waveform:

    Practical:

    Wave form:
     Measure the frequency of the dc output pulsations across the load resistor R1.
     f=_____________ Hz
     Measure the peak dcout put voltage.
     VO(p)= _________________
     Find the conduction angle, fraction of acycle for which each diode conducts, Vavg and I
    avg. Verify your results experimentally.
     Conduction Angle = _____________ Fraction of a Cycle = _____________
     Vavg= _____________ Iavg= _____________
     Now measure the dc voltage using DMM.
     VO(avg)= _________________
     What is difference between transformer secondary coil voltage and output
    voltage?State the reason ofdifference?

     During the positive and negative half cycle of the wave form observe the output across
    D2.
     Draw the wave form of voltage that you observe on oscilloscope of input and across D2.
    Simulation:
    Practical:

     When D2 is conducting, measure VD2with reference to ground.


     V(D2)= _________________
     When D2 is forward bias which another one Diode is also forward bias.

    CONCLUSION

    Exp # 04B POWER SUPPLY FILTERING

    OBJECTIVE
    When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to demonstrate how a filter significantly
    reduces the ripple of a pulsating dc output to a relatively smooth dc voltage by using a capacitive input
    filter circuit. You will verify your results with a multimeter and an oscilloscope.

    DISCUSSION
     Most electronic equipment requires a smooth dc voltage; therefore, filters are required after a
    rectifier to reduce ripple. Ripple present in the volt range can be reduced to thermally volt
    range.
     One example is the capacitive input filter which is implemented by placing an electrolytic
    capacitor across the bridge rectifier output and in parallel with the load resistor.
     Under no-load conditions the capacitor charges rapidly to the peak full-wave rectifier voltage
    output. Since there is no discharge path, the capacitor remains charged, maintaining the
    rectifier output when the rectifier input drops to zero.
     With a load present, the capacitor discharges through the load, maintaining a near-constant
    load voltage. Another output pulse recharges the capacitor before the capacitor can fully
    discharge.
     Discharge rate of a capacitor is longer than the charge time and depends on the RC(load
    Resistance times Capacitance) time constant.
     Discharge time, for constant frequencies, will affect the magnitude of the ripple. Increases in the
    capacitance and/or load resistance reduces ripple. Ripple is also reduced as frequency increases.
     Other types of filters are configured with inductors or combinations of resistors, capacitors, and
    inductors.
     Additional filter sections remove a portion of the rectifier ripple content.
     The circuit used in this exercise is not a regulated power supply. Parallel load resistance reduces
    the peak output voltage of the rectifier.

    PROCEDURE

    Connect the circuit as shown in figure below.

    Observe the output on the output terminals using oscilloscope, there are two pulses for every ac input
    alteration.

    Measure peak output voltage of the dc pulses in reference to ground.

    VO(p)= _________________

    Add C1 (10 µf) across the bridge circuit to filter the bridge rectifier output, and observe the output
    acrosscapacitor and state theobserved out put reasons.

    Measure the dc output voltage acrossthe bridge rectifier using DMM.

    VO= _________________

    Measure the dc output voltage acrossthe bridge rectifier using DMM.


    VO= _________________

    To observe the ripples, set the oscilloscope to ac coupling with lowest vertical sensitivity.

    Simulation:
    Circuit diagram:

    Waveform:
    Practical:

    Remove C1 and connect R1 (47 kΩ), and observe the output again.

    Simulation:
    Circuit diagram:
    Waveform:

    Practical:
    Connect the C1 and R1 in parallel as shown in figure below.

     Observe the ripple again when R1 and C1 are connected in parallel.


     Ripple= _________________mV
     Now measure the DC voltage. Write the reason if these voltage are difference from previous
    reading.

     Now add another capacitor C2 (10 µf) and observe the ripple now. The ripple will be reduced
    due to output capacitance.
     With DMM measure the output DC voltage?

    Increasing a capacitance decreases the ripple but dc voltage remains same. State the reason.
    Decrease the load resistor from 47 kΩto 33 kΩ. When load resistor is decreased the circuit load
    or current is?

    Measure the ripple on oscilloscope when R3is connected. And state the reason of these ripples.
    Using DMM measure the dc output voltage across C1, C2 and R.
    VO= _________________

    CONCLUSION

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