THEORIES OF PERSONALITY • This theory is composed of opposites: introverted and

extraverted, conscious and unconscious; it aims to achieve

ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY| CARL JUNG
balance between opposing forces

LEVELS OF PSYCHE
BIOGRAPHY

• Born on July 26, 1875, in Kesswil, Switzerland

• Jung’s father, Johann Paul Jung, was a minister, and his

mother, Emilie Preiswerk Jung, was the daughter of a
theologian.

• HIs family was deep into religion and mysticism

• During his school years, Jung gradually became aware of

two separate aspects of his self, and he called these his
No. 1 and No. 2 personalities.

• Jung’s first choice of a profession was archeology, but he

eventually ended into medicine

• After completing his medical degree from Basel

University in 1900, Jung became a psychiatric assistant to
Eugene Bleuler at Burghöltzli Mental Hospital in Zürich
• Psyche is an energy that flows from consciousness to
• In 1906, Jung and Freud developed a strong mutual
unconsciousness and back .
respect and affection for one another, talking during their
first meeting for 13 straight hours and well into the early • To him, libido is a general life process energy, it is the
morning hours. creative life force that could be applied to the continuous
psychological growth of the person
• Freud’s warm personal feelings for Jung prompted him to
select Jung as the first president of the International
Psychoanalytic Association.

• In 1909, Jung and Freud were invited to deliver a series

of lectures at Worcester, Massachusetts • Conscious are those psychic images that are sensed by the
• During their 7-week trip and an underlying tension slowly ego.
began to simmer when the two began to interpret each • To Jung, the ego is the center of consciousness, but not
other’s dreams, a pastime likely to strain any relationship the core of personality
• Ego: one’s conscious mind, concerned in thinking, feeling,
• He was involved into two affairs, both former patients and perceiving.
• In 1913, he terminated his personal correspondence with
Freud, and the following year, Jung resigned the
presidency and membership

• By using dream interpretation and active imagination to • According to Jung, personal unconscious embraces all
force himself through his underground journey, Jung repressed, forgotten experiences of an individual,
eventually was able to create his unique theory of therefore these experiences are unique to each of us;
personality. • Complexes – collection or a group of experiences in our
• He died on June 6, 1961, in Zürich personal unconscious
• pattern of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes
organized around a common theme, can be conscious or
unconscious
OVERVIEW OF ANALYTICAL THEORY

• His theory is considered as the middle ground between

Freud and Adler

• Jung believed that we are not only motivated by repressed • The deepest level of psyche, it contains the accumulation
experiences but also by emotionally-toned experiences of inherited experiences of our ancestors, passed to each
coming from our ancestors generation
• Assumes that occult phenomena can and do influence the • Never repressed, it influences a person’s thoughts,
lives of every individual emotions, and actions
• Dreams are main source of archetypal material
• Responsible for myths, legends, and religious beliefs
• It contains the “Archetypes”
 ARCHETYPES Hero

• He also used the term primordial images , collective • the archetype represented in mythology and legends as a
symbols powerful person, sometimes demigod – who fights evil

• Archetypes are images of universal experiences contained • Has a tragic flaw

in the collective unconscious; are ancient or archaic
• When the hero conquers the villain, he or she frees us from
images that derive from the collective unconscious.
feelings of impotence and misery, at the same time serving
• Archetypes have biological basis but originated through as our model for the ideal personality
the repeated experiences of human’s early ancestors
Self
Persona
• archetype of archetypes – it pulls together all archetypes
• The side of personality that people shows to the world and unites them in the process of self-realization = center of
the total psyche,
• Harmful when we believe that it reflects our true nature
• Jung believed that each person possesses an inherited
• PURPOSE: to conceal the true nature of the individual
tendency to move toward growth, perfection, and
Shadow completion.

• The archetype of darkness and repression, represents • Symbolized by the mandala and certain deities
those qualities we do not wish to acknowledge but
attempt to hide from ourselves and others
DYNAMICS OF PERSONALITY
• Jung contended that, to be whole, we must continually
strive to know our shadow and that this quest is our first • Causality and Teleology
test of courage
– insisted that human behavior is shaped by both causal
Anima and teleological forces

• female archetype of men resulting from their experiences – Dreams: spring from past events; that is, they are caused
with women by earlier experiences. It also help people make decisions
about the future
• To understand a woman, one must be in tune with one’s
anima • Progression and regression

• It influences the feeling side in man and is the explanation • To achieve self-realization, people must adapt not only to
for certain irrational moods and feelings. their outside environment but to their inner world as
well.
Animus
• Adaptation to the outside world involves the forward
• male archetype of women resulting from their
flow of psychic energy and is called progression
experiences with men
• Adaptation to the inner world relies on a backward flow
• It is symbolic of one’s thinking and reasoning.
of psychic energy and is called regression.
• If a woman is dominated by her animus, no logical or
• Both progression and regression are essential if
emotional appeal can shake her from her prefabricated
people are to achieve individual growth or self-
beliefs
realization.
Great Mother

• It represents two opposing forces-(fertility and

PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES
nourishment), and (destruction).
• Attitudes – a predisposition to act or react in a
• Fertility and power combine to form the concept of
characteristic direction
rebirth, represented by reincarnation, baptism,
resurrection, and individuation or self-realization. • There are two types or orientation ( attitudes)

• People throughout the world are moved by a desire to be • Introversion – turning inward of psychic energy with an
reborn. orientation toward the subjective

Wise Old Man • Introverts are tuned into their inner world with all its
biases, fantasies, dreams
• archetype of wisdom and meaning, it symbolizes humans’
preexisting knowledge of the mysteries of life. • A person who tends to be quiet, imaginative and more
interested in ideas than in other people
• can guide and mislead
• Extraversion / Extroversion - turning outward of psychic
• The wise old man archetype is personified in dreams as
energy so that the person is oriented toward the
father, grandfather, teacher, philosopher, guru, doctor, or
objective; towards the external environment
priest.
 • Most likely influenced by their surroundings than by their • Childhood (birth to adolescence)
inner world
• Jung divided childhood into three substages:
• A person who tend to be sociable, outgoing and
1. Anarchic phase is characterized by chaotic and sporadic
interested in people and things
consciousness.
• Functions– refer to the different ways in which the
2. Monarchic phase is characterized by the development
conscious mind can apprehend reality. Both introversion
of the ego and by the beginning of logical and verbal
and extraversion can combine with any one or more of
thinking
four functions, forming eight possible orientations, or
types 3. Dualistic phase - ego is divided into the objective and
subjective. Children now refer to themselves in the first
• Thinking – logical intellectual activity that produces a
person and are aware of their existence as separate
chain of ideas
individuals
• Feeling – evaluating an idea or event

• Sensation – Receives physical stimuli and transmit

them to perceptual consciousness, the use of five (5)
senses

• Intuition – perception beyond the workings of

consciousness

Thinking

• Extraverted thinking – rely heavily on concrete thoughts

(e.g. Mathematician, Engineers, Accountants)
• Introverted thinking – react to external stimuli but
interpretation is influenced by their internal meaning(e.g.
Philosophers, theoretical scientists)
• Youth (puberty to middle life)
Feeling (based on emotions)
• Young people strive to gain psychic and physical
• Extraverted feeling – focus their decision making on the independence from their parents, find a mate, raise a
external world; primary focus: people (Politicians, family, and make a place in the world.
businesspeople)
• Introverted feeling– they judge based on their own • Must be the period of increased activity, maturing
personal value system (art critics, movie critics) sexuality, growing consciousness, and recognition that
the problem-free era of childhood is gone forever.
Sensing
• Conservative Principle - the natural tendency (found
• Extraverted Sensing – the individual perceives exactly what also in middle and later years) to cling to the narrow
the senses are telling – real time (wine taster, proofreader, consciousness of childhood, thus avoiding problems
house painter) pertinent to the presenttime of life.
• Introverted Sensing – the individual perceives mostly stored
memories of previous sensory experiences; they will • Middle Life
compare it to stored memories in their mind (artists, • Jung believed that middle life begins at approximately
musicians) age 35 or 40, by which time the sun begins its
Intuiting downward descent. However, middle life is also a period
of tremendous potential.
• Extraverted Intuiting – they have infinite number of ideas
on how to make the future better, tends to be very • People who have lived youth by neither childish nor
articulate speakers (inventors, religious reformers) middle-aged values are well prepared to advance to
• Introverted Intuiting – they used to have insights and middle life and to live fully during that stage.
hunches that frequently turn out to be correct (prophets, • Stage of mature religious orientation
fanatics, mystics)

Stages of Development
• Old Life
Personality develops through a series of stages that culminate
in individuation, or self-realization. In contrast to Freud, he • People experience a diminution of consciousness
emphasized the second half of life, the period after age 35 or • Fear of death is often taken as normal, but Jung believed
40, when a person has the opportunity to bring together the that death is the goal of life
various aspects of personality and to attain self-realization.
• Jung treated these people by helping them establish new
goals and find meaning in living by first finding meaning
in death.
 4) Guides action - low

Self Realization 5) Internally consistent - low

• Psychological rebirth, also called self-realization or 6) Parsimonious - low

individuation, is the process of becoming an individual or
whole person
Concept of HUMANITY
• Integrating the opposite poles of self into a single
homogeneous individual 1) Determinism vs Free Choice
• Self-realization is extremely rare and is achieved only by 2) Pessimism vs Optimism
people who are able to assimilate their unconscious into
their total personality. 3)Causality vs Teleology

4) Conscious vs Unconscious

Applications of Analytical Psychology 5) Biological vs Social

1. Word Association Test 6) Uniqueness vs Similarities

• uncover feeling-toned complexes

• Jung typically used a list of about 100 stimulus words

chosen and arranged to elicit an emotional reaction.

2. Dream Analysis

• Dreams are our unconscious and spontaneous attempt to

know the unknowable,

• Uncover elements from the personal and collective

unconscious and to integrate them into consciousness

3. Active Imagination

• requires a person to begin with any impression and to

concentrate until the impression begins to “move.”

• to reveal archetypal images emerging from the

unconscious.

• use visual arts

4. Myer Briggs Type Indicator

• Developed using Jungian theory

• Additional functions: Judging and Perceiving

JUNGIAN THERAPY

• GOAL : “ Find meaning in life and strive toward

achieving balance and wholeness. ”

1. Confession of a pathogenic secret

2. Interpretation, Explanation, Elucidation - Freud

3. Encourage social interest - Adler

4. Transformation - for therapist

• Transference and Counter-Transference can be either

good or bad

Usefulness of the theory

1) Generates research - moderate

2) Falsifiable - very low

3) Organizes data - moderate