Analytical

Psychology
• born on July 26, 1875 in Kesswil,
Switzerland

• Father is Johann Paul Achilles Jung, a pastor

• Mother is Emilie Preiswerk

• He was the only surviving child.

• His mother was frequently depressed and

absent from the household.

• Jung later described himself was an

introverted and solitary child.

Carl Gustav Jung

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• At the age of 12, Jung was pushed to the
ground so hard by another classmate that
he lost consciousness.

• Jung started fainting anytime he was

supposed to go to school or do
homework.

• After Jung overheard his father

confessing his concerns, Jung developed
a renewed focus on academics.

Carl Gustav Jung

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• Jung later explained that the experience
served as his first encounter with neurosis.

• Jung decided to study medicine at the

University of Basel.

• He also developed an interest in spiritual

phenomena while in school.

• It was this fascination with medicine and

spirituality that led him into the field of
psychiatry

Carl Gustav Jung

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• In 1900, he worked as an assistant to
Eugene Bleuler in a Zurich mental
hospital.

• He became interested in the etiology of

schizophrenia.

• In 1902, he completed his doctoral

dissertation, titled "On the Psychology
and Pathology of So-Called Occult
Phenomena"

Carl Gustav Jung

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• In 1903, he married Emma
Rauschenbach.

• While the two remained married until her

death in 1955, Jung reportedly continued
to have romantic relationships with other
women.

• One of these other women included his

first patient at the Burgholzli Psychiatric
Hospital, a young Russian woman named
Sabina Spielrein.

Carl Gustav Jung

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• Early in his career, Jung worked with
psychiatric patients at the University of
Zürich asylum.

• In 1906, he wrote Studies in Word

Association and sent a copy to Freud.

• The two finally met in person in 1907

and they reportedly spent more than 12
hours talking non-stop.

Carl Gustav Jung

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• His time spent working with Sigmund
Freud had a major impact on Jung’s later
theories and helped him develop a
fascination for the unconscious mind.

• He was viewed by Freud as his protégé,

but their friendship began to dissolve as
Jung started to develop his own ideas that
diverged from Freud's views

Carl Gustav Jung

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• Jung began to separate from Freudian
theory, rejecting Freud's emphasis on sex
as the sole source of behavior motivation.

• He became increasingly interested in

dreams and symbols.

• Jung became more organized about his

theoretical approach and formed his own
theory called Analytical Psychology.

Carl Gustav Jung

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• In the six year period that followed, Jung
devoted himself to exploring his own
subconscious.

• In 1944, he became a professor of

medical psychology at the University of
Basel

• After suffering from a brief illness, Jung

died in his home on June 6, 1961 in
Zurich.

Carl Gustav Jung

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View of the Human Person
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• Jung believed the human psyche is imbedded in the past, present,
and future.

• The psyche consists of conscious and unconscious elements,

masculine and feminine traits

• He believed that the most important part of the unconscious

springs form the distant past of human existence.

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• Jung believed the human psyche exists in three parts:
• the ego (the conscious mind),
• the personal unconscious
• the collective unconscious.

• Jung believed the collective unconscious was a reservoir of all

the experience and knowledge of the human species.

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• Conscious images are those that are sensed by the ego

• Jung saw the ego as the center of consciousness, but not

the core of the personality.

• The ego must be completed by the more comprehensive

self.

• In a psychologically healthy person, the ego takes a

secondary position to the unconscious self.

Conscious
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• Jung also believed that the process of individuation was essential
in order for a person to become whole and fully developed as a
human being.

• Individuation is a process in which the various parts of a person,

including the conscious and unconscious, become completely
integrated so that the individual becomes his or her "true self."

Individuation
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• "In general, it is the process by
which individual beings are formed
and differentiated [from other
human beings]. In particular, it is the
development of the psychological
individual as a being distinct from
the general, collective psychology.“

- Carl Jung, in
Psychological Types

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• It embraces all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally
perceived experiences of one particular individual.

• It is formed by our individual experiences and is therefore

unique to each of us.

• Contents in the personal unconscious are called

complexes.

Personal Unconscious
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• A complex is an emotionally toned conglomeration of
associated ideas.
• E.g. a person’s experience of Mother

• Complexes are largely personal but may also be derived

from humanity’s collective experience.

complexes
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Collective Unconscious
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Collective Unconscious
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• It comes from the ancestral past of the entire species.

• Its physical contents are inherited and passed to other

generations as psychic potentials.

• The collective unconscious is responsible for people’s many

myths, legends, & religious beliefs. It also produces “big
dreams.”

Collective Unconscious
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• It is NOT inherited ideas.

• BUT, it is human’s innate tendency to react in a particular

way whenever their experiences stimulate a biologically
inherited response tendency.

• e.g. a young mother and newborn infant

• e.g. a man falling in love

Collective Unconscious
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• Humans come into the world with inherited predispositions
to act and react in a certain way if experiences touch on
these biologically based predispositions.

• How many biologically based predispositions do humans

have?

• Countless repetitions of typical situations make them part of

the human biological constitution.

Collective Unconscious
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Archetypes

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• They are archaic images that derive from the collective
unconscious.

• They are emotionally toned collections of associated

images.

• However, they are different from complexes.

Archetypes
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• Archetypes are not impulses

• An impulses is an unconscious physical impulse toward

an action whereas the archetype is a psychic counterpart
of an instinct.

Archetypes
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 “As animals of the same kind show
the same instinctual phenomena all over the
world, man also shows the same archetypal
forms no matter where he lives. As animals
have no need to be taught their instinctive
activities, so man also possesses his
primordial psychic patterns and repeats them
spontaneously, independently of any kind of
teaching.

Inasmuch as man is conscious and

capable of introspection, it is quite possible
that he can perceive his instinctual patterns
in the form of archetypal representations.“

- Carl Jung, (1957)

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• The persona is how we present ourselves to the world.

• The persona represents all of the different social masks

that we wear among different groups and situations.

• It acts to shield the ego from negative images.

The Persona
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• The shadow is an archetype that consists of the sex and
life instincts.

• The shadow exists as part of the unconscious mind and is

composed of repressed ideas, weaknesses, desires,
instincts and shortcomings.

• Often described as the darker side of the psyche;

representing wildness, chaos and the unknown..

The Shadow
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• People sometimes deny this element of their own psyche
and instead project it onto others.

• Jung suggested that the shadow can appear in dreams or

visions and may take a variety of forms.

The Shadow
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 • The anima is a feminine image in the male psyche.

• The animus is a male image in the female psyche.

• The anima/animus represents the "true self" rather than

the image we present to others.

The Anima or Animus

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 • The anima/animus serves as the primary source of
communication with the collective unconscious.

• The combination of the anima and animus is known as

the syzygy, or the divine couple.

• The syzygy represents completion, unification and

wholeness.

The Anima or Animus

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• The mother: Nurturing; comforting.

• The wise old man: Guidance; knowledge; wisdom.

• The hero: Champion; defender; rescuer.

• The father: Authority figure; stern; powerful.

• The child: Longing for innocence; rebirth; salvation.

• The maiden: Innocence; desire; purity.

• The trickster: Deceiver; liar; trouble-maker.

Other Archetypes
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 • The self is an archetype that represents the unification of
the unconsciousness and consciousness of an individual.

• The creation of the self occurs through a process known

as individuation, in which the various aspects of
personality are integrated.

• Jung often represented the self as a circle, square or

mandala.

The Self
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 • Person possesses an inherited tendency to move toward
growth, perfection, and completion.

• The self is the archetypes of archetypes

The Self
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• It represents the strivings of the collective unconscious
for balance, unity, and wholeness.

• It represents the synthesis or union of opposites within

the psyche that occurs when the individual attains self-
realization.

The Mandala
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• Causality & Teleology
• Causality – behavior is influenced by childhood experiences
• Teleology – present events are motivated by goals &
aspirations for the future

• Progression & Regression

• Progression – Adaptation to the outside world involves
forward flow of psychic energy
• Regression - Adaptation to the inside world involves
backward flow of psychic energy

Dynamics of Personality
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• Two Orientations of the Psyche
• Introversion
• Inward, towards the subjective world of the
individual
• Introvert is someone who tends to be quiet,
imaginative, and more interested in ideas than in
other people

• Extraversion
• Outward, towards the external environment.
• Extravert tends to be sociable, outgoing, and
interested in people

Relating to the World

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Functions of Thought
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• Sensing
• Detects the presence of things; indicates that something is
there but does not indicate what it is

• Thinking
• Tells what a thing is; gives names to things that are sensed

Functions of Thought
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• Feeling
• Tells whether a thing is acceptable or unacceptable ;
determines what a thing is worth to the individual; pertains
to liking or disliking

• Intuiting
• Hunches about past or future events when factual
information is not available

Functions of Thought
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• Thinking extrovert
• Lives according to fixed values;
objective & cold; positive & dogmatic
in one’s thinking; represses feelings
• Research scientists, accountants,
mathematicians

• Feeling extrovert
• Very emotional & respectful of
authority & tradition, seeks harmony
wit the world; represses thinking.
• Real estate appraisers, objective movie
critics

8 Types of People
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• Sensing extrovert
• Pleasure-seeking, jolly, and socially
adaptive; constantly seeks new sensory
experiences, very realistic, represses
intuition
• Wine tasters, proofreaders, popular
musicians, house painters

• Intuiting extrovert
• Uses hunches to guide decisions; very
changeable and creative; have trouble
staying with one idea; represses sensations
• Some inventors, religious reformers

8 Types of People
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• Thinking Introvert
• Intense desire for privacy; socially
inhibited; very intellectual & ignores the
practicality of everyday living; represses
feelings
• Philosophers, theoretical scientists, some
inventors

• Feeling Introvert
• Quiet, thoughtful, and hypersensitive;
childish, enigmatic, & indifferent; very
little expression of emotion; represses
thinking
• Subjective movie critics, art appraisers

8 Types of People
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• Sensing Introvert
• Life guided by just what happens;
artistic, passive, & calm; detached
from human affairs; represses intuition
• Artists, classical musicians

• Intuiting Introvert
• Odd, eccentric, daydreamer; seldom
understood by others; life is guided by
inner experiences
• Prophets, mystics, religious fanatics

8 Types of People
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Stages of development
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• Birth to adolescence

• Libidinal energy is expected in learning to walk, talk and

other skills necessary for survival

• After the fifth year, libidinal energy is directed towards

sexual activities, reaching its peak during adolescence

Childhood
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• Has 3 Substages:
• Anarchic
• Disordered and erratic consciousness; experiences enter into
consciousness as primitive images which cannot be verbalized

• Monarchic
• Development of the ego; beginning of verbal and logical
thinking; objective perception of the self

• Dualistic
• Division of the ego into the objective and subjective; reference
to self in the first person and awareness as a separate individual

Childhood
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• Period of increased activity, mature sexuality, growing
consciousness and recognition that the problem-free era of
childhood is gone

• Major challenge is overcoming the natural tendency to

cling to narrow consciousness of childhood.

• Conservative principle - the desire to live in the past

• Libidinal energy is directed towards learning a vocation,

getting married, raising children, & activities related to
community life.

Youth
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• Begins approximately at 35 or 40 years old

• Period of tremendous potential and at the same time

increased anxieties

• Adoption of values from earlier stages of life causes

obsessiveness and rigidness to maintain those values

• A mature religious orientation (esp. the belief of life and

death) is important in the middle life

Middle Life
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• There is diminution of consciousness.

• Death is the goal of life and it should be seen as such for

life to be meaningful.

Old Age
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Methods Used by Jung
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• Word Association
• Purpose: to uncover feeling-toned complexes
• Involves responding to a number of stimulus with the first
word that came to mind

• Dream Analysis
• Purpose: to uncover elements from the personal and
collective unconscious

Methods Used by Jung

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• Dream analysis
• Dreams are the individual’s unconscious & spontaneous
attempt to comprehend a reality that can only be expressed
symbolically.

• Dreams are categorized into big dreams, typical dreams, &

earliest dreams remembered

Methods Used by Jung

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• Active Imagination
• Purpose: to reveal archetypal images emerging from the
unconscious

• Method where in the person begins with an impression and

to concentrate on it until it begins to move.

• The individual must then follow these images to wherever

they lead and courageously face the images & communicate
with them

Methods Used by Jung

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