Office of the College of Criminal Justice Education

Bais Campuses I, Bais City

“Relationship of Financial Capacity and Academic Performance of 3rd Year Criminology

Students of Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus”

In partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement in
Criminological Research 2
(CRIM 402)

Presented to:

Josephine B. Lariosa, RCrim, LPT

By:

John Philip P. Garcia

Janrich A. Galera
Laarve B. Ragual
Jose Almerito T. Gornez
Ivan C. Rivas
Ronnie B. Larang Jr.
Ren Owen Immanuel A. Nadal

2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Statement of the problem

Theoretical framework

Conceptual framework

Scope and limitations

Significance of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature

Local Literature

Foreign Studies

Local Studies

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Research Respondents

Data Gathering Instrument

Data Research procedure

Statistical tools

CHAPTER IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Characteristics of Responses

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5
CHAPTER V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of the Findings

Conclusion

Recommendations

REFERENCES

APENDECIES

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Appendix 3

Appendix 4

CIRRICULUM VITAE

Appendix 5

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Education is universally recognized as a fundamental pillar for individual growth,

societal progress, and economic development. However, access to quality education often
intersects with socio-economic factors, influencing academic outcomes and opportunities for
students. In the context of tertiary education, financial capacity plays a significant role in shaping
students' academic experiences and achievements.

The field of criminology, which encompasses the study of crime, criminal behavior, and
the criminal justice system, attracts students with diverse backgrounds and aspirations. At
Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus, the academic journey of 3rd-year Criminology
students is marked by various challenges, including financial constraints that may impact their
educational pursuits.

Understanding the relationship between financial capacity and academic performance

among 3rd-year Criminology students is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it sheds light on the
socio-economic dynamics within the student population, highlighting disparities in access to
resources and support. Secondly, it provides insights into the potential barriers that students face
in achieving their academic goals, thereby informing targeted interventions and support
mechanisms. Thirdly, it contributes to the broader discourse on equity and inclusivity in higher
education, emphasizing the need for policies and initiatives that address socio-economic
inequalities.
 By examining the interplay between financial capacity and academic performance, this
study seeks to uncover patterns, trends, and challenges faced by 3rd-year Criminology students
at Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus. Ultimately, the findings aim to inform
evidence-based strategies that promote academic success, foster student well-being, and enhance
the overall educational experience for all students.

Statement of the problem

In light of the increasing importance of understanding factors influencing academic

achievement, this research endeavors to explore the intricate relationship between the financial
capacity and school performance of third-year Criminology students at Negros Oriental State
University Bais Campus. By delving into the financial circumstances of these students and their
subsequent academic outcomes, this study seeks to elucidate the potential correlations and
underlying dynamics between financial resources and educational attainment within this specific
academic cohort. Through a thorough investigation, the aim is to provide valuable insights that
could inform educational policies and interventions aimed at improving the academic success
and overall well-being of students pursuing Criminology education, particularly within the
context of their financial constraints.

Theoretical Framework

This study is founded on the theory of Aristotle the “Virtue of Ethics” wherein he
particularly concerned on the moral decision making and behavior. Studies found out that college
age-students often experience a battle of competing desires or interest. He believes that
knowledge by itself is not sufficient for right action. From Aristotle educational point of view,
financial literacy in the sense of financial knowledge is no guarantee of wises financial
behaviors, student success is certainly true that students need to acquire techniques for how
money can be manage.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework shown in figure 1 illustrates the relationship between financial
capacity and academic performance of the 3 rd – year Criminology students at Negros Oriental
State University Bais Campus. It outlines the key components and process involved in the study.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Insight into the

relationship
 Data collection between financial
through a capacity and
structured academic
 Income questionnaire. performances.
 Questionnaire  Informing
 Financial Aid educational policies
 Family Support gathers
and interventions
information on
 GPA financial capacity
for improving
 Class academic success
and academic and well – being of
attendance performances. the students.
 Test scores  Correlation  Contribution to
analysis existing literature
 Regression on socio –
analysis economic factors in
academic
achievement.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the study.

 The first frame shows the input, the financial capacity elements, such as income, financial
aid and family support, as well as measures of academic performance such as GPA, class
attendance, and test scores. These variables serve as the foundation of this study.

The second frame, the process contains the procedure given in the participants a
structured questionnaire as part of the data collection process. The purpose of the questionnaire
is to collect data regarding the participant’s academic standing and financial situation. Statistical
analysis is performed after data collection on the data using methods like regression and
correlation analysis. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate and comprehend the
connection between academic achievement and financial capability.

Lastly, the third frame are the results that obtained from the data analysis. The correlation
between third year criminal justice students’ academic achievement and their financial
capabilities is classified by these things. The results can wellbeing and academic performance.
Furthermore, the research advances the field’s understanding by adding to the body of literature
already in existence on the role of socioeconomic determinants in academic accomplishments.

Scope and Limitation

Scope

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the financial capacity and
academic performance of third-year Criminology students enrolled at Negros Oriental State
University Bais Campus. Specifically, the study will focus on 50 third-year Criminology students
to determine how their financial capacity influences their academic performance.

Limitation

Participants: The study will be conducted exclusively with 50 third-year Criminology

students from Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus.

Timeframe: The study will cover the academic performance and financial capacity of the
participants within the current academic year.

Variables: The study will primarily consider the financial capacity (e.g., income,
financial aid, family support) and academic performance (e.g., GPA, class attendance, test
scores) of the participants.

Location: The study will be limited to Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus,
and findings may not be generalized to other institutions or locations.

Methodology: The research will utilize quantitative methods to analyze the relationship
between financial capacity and academic performance, focusing on statistical correlations and
regression analysis.

Ethical Considerations: The study will adhere to ethical guidelines, ensuring participant
confidentiality and voluntary participation.

Resource Limitations: Due to resource constraints, the study may not delve into
additional factors that could potentially influence academic performance, such as psychological
variables or extracurricular activities.

Significance of the study

"Relationship of Financial Capacity and Academic Performance of 3rd year Criminology

Students of Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus.
 The study on the relationship between financial capacity and academic performance
among 3rd-year Criminology students at Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus holds
several significances:

1. Understanding Financial

Constraints: It helps in understanding how financial limitations impact academic

performance. Many students face financial challenges that can affect their ability to excel
academically.

2. Insight into Academic Success Factors:

By examining the correlation between financial capacity and academic performance, the
study sheds light on factors beyond mere intellectual ability that contribute to student success.

3.Informing Support

Programs: Findings from this study can inform the development of support programs and
interventions tailored to address the financial needs of students, potentially enhancing their
academic performance.

4. Policy Implications:

The results may have implications for education policies and resource allocation,
highlighting the importance of providing adequate financial assistance and support services to
students.

5. Empowering Students:

Understanding the relationship between financial capacity and academic performance

empowers students to make informed decisions about managing their finances and seeking
available resources to support their education.

6. Contribution to Academic Literature:

The study adds to the body of academic literature on the socio-economic factors
influencing academic achievement, particularly within the context of Criminology education in
Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus.

Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the interplay between financial
resources and academic success among Criminology students, offering implications for both
academia and student support services

Definition of Term

1. Financial Capacity - It refers to student's accessible financial resources such as their income,
their family's assistance, their financial help, and other financial holdings. It also determines how
much a student can afford to pay for other educational costs. And the independent variable of
this study.

2. Academic Performance - The student's grade point average (GPA), test scores, attendance in
class, and overall academic achievement and indicates how well the student succeeded in their
academic endeavors. And the dependent variable of this study.

3. 3rd Year Criminology Students - The respondents of this study.

4. Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus - This refers to the place where the
researchers are performing the project.

5. Criminology - The study of crime, criminal behavior, and criminal justice system.

6. Socio-economic Dynamics - refers to the interaction between social and economic factors,
such as social class, income, and education, and how these factors affect all aspects of life,
including academic achievement in students.

7. Equity and Inclusivity in Higher Education - the idea that all students ought to have fair
and equal access to higher education, irrespective of their financial circumstances. Inequality
must be addressed, as well as obstacles to education should be reduced.

8. Virtue of Ethics - This term refers to moral decision-making and behavior of Aristotle's
theory. It highlights the importance of morality and character. It has to do with the ethical issues
surrounding students' financial conduct and decision-making in the context of this study.

9. Financial Literacy - This refers the comprehension and awareness of financial topics, such as
budgeting, financial planning, and money management. It is an essential ability for properly
managing one's financial capability.

10. Quantitative Methods - When it comes to research, this describes research techniques that
entail gathering and analyzing numerical data, which is frequently done to find connections,
patterns, and trends. Data on students' financial situation and academic achievement are
statistically analyzed in this study.

11. Ethical Guidelines - A term used to describe the guidelines and criteria used in research to
guarantee that it is carried out fairly, respectfully, and with integrity. This entails protecting
participant privacy and guaranteeing willing involvement.

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the relevant literature and studies that the researcher considered in
strengthening the importance of the present study about the “Relationship of Financial Capacity
and Academic Performance of Students” and to fully understand the research and better
comprehension of the study.

Foreign Literature

Student’s financial income plays a vital role when it comes to balancing their finances
and academics. Our goal is to classify whether their financial situations would affect their grades
differently. In accordance to Asri, Abu Bakar, Laili and Saad (2017) they have stated that
although students in do not have a commitment on paying monthly debt instalments like other
households. However, their status as students requires them to pay their education fees, rents and
other essentials, by which they received the financial from loans, scholarships or their families.

Students from an underprivileged or low-income family might have difficulties with

financial matters, which might actually have a huge impact on how they focus on their academic
performances.

Local Literature
 In the pandemic, the crisis has created a huge impact on everyone’s lives, and those
include financially unstable students who're willing to learn but can’t afford a communication
device during the time. It also impacts students learning abilities since in online classes, teachers
can’t really monitor what the students are doing. As that continues, it affects most students
learning capabilities and every learner during the online class.

According to Commoner (2021) It is an understatement to say that the education crisis

continues to be a great challenge for students, teachers, and parents alike, especially for those
living in poverty.

Our study will show how financially stable students would do academically compared to
students from low-income households.

Foreign Studies

Throughout the journey of students at every grade level, measuring their academic
performance is what this study focuses on, according to Salman Zafar (2020) measuring the
academic performance of schools globally is important because it gives students all around the
world the benefit of the best level of education possible. In turn, these students will then be better
equipped to enter their chosen profession with the same levels of proficiency as their
counterparts from other parts of the world.

Local Studies

According to Marquis David (2015), poverty significantly affects the resources of

students in Cebu City. Due to this lack of resources, many students’ struggle to reach the same
academic achievement levels as financially stable students. He states that the effects of student
achievements include allowances and sources of income. Many poor students score below
average on assessment measures, instructional techniques, and strategies. These financial matters
really affect students’ focus on academics.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This section of research explains the methods to be used in this study. The researchers will
explain the research design, research respondents, and data gathering instrument, data research
procedure, and statistical tools used in our study. This chapter outlines the steps and procedures
undertaken to gather and analyze the data necessary to address our research objectives.

Research Design

This study will use a correlational research design to examine the relationship between
financial capacity and academic performance among 3rd-year Criminology students at Negros
Oriental State University Bais Campus. In light of According to Seeram (2019), correlational
research design is a non-experimental research design type technique that aids in the explanation
of how the variables relate to one another. According to him, researchers measure two or more
variables using a correlational research methodology. Variables to look at the degree of
relationship between the variables. This design is chosen because it allows the researchers to
measure the degree and direction of association between two variables, namely financial capacity
and academic performance.
Research Respondents

The respondents of the study will be 50 third-year Criminology students enrolled at

Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus. Random sampling is used to establish the sample
size in order to guarantee a representative sample of the student body. It is voluntary to
participate in the study, and participants' identities will be kept private.

Data Gathering Instrument

In undertaking this study, the researcher chose to give researcher-made questionnaire to 50

participants chosen randomly. The questionnaire will consist of two sections: the first section
will gather information about the participants' financial capacity, including their income,
financial aid, and family support. The second section will gather information about their
academic performance, including their GPA, class attendance, and test scores. The type of
question used in this research is check list.

Data Research Procedure

Several steps will be involved in the data research procedure. Initially, ethical approval
from the appropriate authorities will be sought to guarantee participant's privacy and voluntary
involvement. The questionnaires will be given to the chosen responders as soon as ethical
approval is received. In addition to having the opportunity to ask questions if necessary, the
respondents will receive clear instructions on how to fill out the questionnaire. We will enter the
data and tidy it after the questionnaires are gathered to make sure it is accurate and consistent.
The relevant statistical methods will next be used to analyze the data.

Statistical Tools

The study will use correlation analysis and regression analysis to analyze the relationship
between financial capacity and academic performance. While regression analysis enables us to
assess the predictive potential of financial capacity on academic performance, correlation
analysis will help us ascertain the direction and intensity of the association between the
variables. These statistical tools will provide us with quantitative evidence to support our
research findings.
RRL

Foreign Literature
https://journal.uptm.edu.my/index.php/ajpbs/article/view/52

Local Studies
https://www.academia.edu/16591981/Financial_Status_and_Academic_Performance

Foreign Studies
https://www.cleantechloops.com/why-it-is-important-to-measure-the-academic-performance-of-
schools-globally/

Local Literature
https://pids.gov.ph/details/the-philippine-education-system-in-crisis