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    The document contains a math test with two parts. Part 1 has 6 multiple choice questions covering topics like solving equations, finding speeds from vector functions, describing domains of functions, and finding tangent planes. Part 2 has two multi-part word problems about directional derivatives and linear approximations of functions.

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    3 09f 2

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    The document contains a math test with two parts. Part 1 has 6 multiple choice questions covering topics like solving equations, finding speeds from vector functions, describing domains of functions, and finding tangent planes. Part 2 has two multi-part word problems about directional derivatives and linear approximations of functions.

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    The document contains a math test with two parts. Part 1 has 6 multiple choice questions covering topics like solving equations, finding speeds from vector functions, describing domains of functions, and finding tangent planes. Part 2 has two multi-part word problems about directional derivatives and linear approximations of functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views3 pages

    3 09f 2

    Uploaded by

    ABC Check
    The document contains a math test with two parts. Part 1 has 6 multiple choice questions covering topics like solving equations, finding speeds from vector functions, describing domains of functions, and finding tangent planes. Part 2 has two multi-part word problems about directional derivatives and linear approximations of functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    FALL 2009 — MA 227-6B — TEST 2

    OCTOBER 14, 2009

    Name:

    1. Part I
    There are 6 problems in Part 1, each worth 4 points. Place your answer on the line to the
    right of the question. Only your answer on the answer line will be graded.
    √
    (1) Solve the equation 2x2 + πx − 5 = 0 for x. − π4 ± 1
    4
    π 2 + 40

    (2) Lance’s position is described by the vector function ~r(t) = h2 + 3t2 , 3 + 4t2 i during
    the time interval [0, 5]. Find his speed when t = 3.

    30
    p
    (3) Describe or sketch the domain of the function f (x, y) = 8 − 2x2 − 2y 2 .

    The disc of radius 2 centered at the origin including the boundary.

    (4) A bug crawls on a metal plate along curve given by ~r(t) = h2t + 1, t2 − 1i. The
    temperature on the plate is given by T (x, y, t) = 5 − 2xy + 3yt. How warm is the
    spot the bug reaches at t = 2 at that time?

    -7
    p
    (5) Find the gradient of f (x, y) = xy + y 2 − 2.

    p
    hy, x + y/ y 2 − 2i

    (6) Find the tangent plane to the paraboloid z = 5 − x2 − y 2 at the point (0, 0, 5).

    z=5

    1
    2 FALL 2009 — MA 227-6B — TEST 2 OCTOBER 14, 2009

    2. Part II
    There are 2 problems in Part 2. The number of points to earn is indicated in each problem.
    On Part 2 problems partial credit is awarded where appropriate. Your solution must include
    enough detail to justify any conclusions you reach in answering the question. Points will be
    awarded for the correct reasoning. If you need to add assumptions in order to proceed, make
    the assumptions after explaining why they are reasonable.
    p
    (1) (24 points) Consider the function f (x, y) = 4x + y 2 for x, y ≥ 0 and the line L
    given by 4x − 3y = 5.
    (a) Check whether the points P = (2, 1) and Q = (8, 9) are on the line L.
    (b) What is the distance between P and Q?
    (c) Find a parametrization for L which has constant speed one. Which values of the
    parameter correspond to P and Q?
    (d) Find the profile function F of the function f along the line L? (Imagine a
    perpendicular cut through the graph of the function by the plane 4x − 3y = 5.)
    (e) The values of F and f should be the same for corresponding points (well that’s
    exactly the idea of the profile function). Check that this is so for P and Q.
    (f) Find the directional derivative of f at the point P in the direction towards the
    point Q using the profile function.
    (g) State a formula for directional derivatives using the gradient of f .
    (h) Compute the directional derivative using this formula.
    (i) Compare the two results.
    Solution:
    (a) For a point to be on the line its coordinates have to satisfy the equation. Since
    4(2) − 3(1) = 5 and 4(8) − 3(9) = 5 both points are on the line.
    (b) The √ vector joining the points is h6, 8i. Its length is their distance, so the distance
    is 36 + 64 = 10.
    (c) ~r(t) = h2, 1i+h6, 8it passes through P and has the direction so it is a parametriza-
    tion of the line but with the wrong speed (speed is 10). So reducing the speed
    p the sought parametrization: ~r(t) = h2, 1i + h6, 8it/10.
    by a factor of 10 gives
    (d) F (t) = f (~r(t)) = 9 + 4t + 16t2 /25.
    (e) Point P √ equals ~r(0). We √ have F (0) = 3 = f (2, 1). Point Q equals ~r(10).
    F (10) = 9 + 40 + 64 = 32 + 81 = f (8, 9).
    (f) The directional derivative at P is, by definition, the derivative of the pro-
    file function
    p at the point corresponding to P , that is t = 0. F 0 (t) = (4 +
    32t/25)/(2 9 + 4t + 16t2 /25). F 0 (0) = 4/(2 × 3) = 2/3.
    (g) We showed in class that the directional derivative at P in direction of the unit
    vector ~u is given by (∇f )(P ) · ~u. p
    (h) ~u = h6, 8i/10 = h3, 4i/5, ∇f = h4, 2yi/(2 4x + y 2 ), and (∇f )(P ) = h4, 2i/6 =
    h2, 1i/3 give (D~u f )(P ) = h3, 4i · h2, 1i/15 = (6 + 4)/15 = 2/3.
    (i) The results in (f) and (h) coincide as it must be.
    FALL 2009 — MA 227-6B — TEST 2 OCTOBER 14, 2009 3
    √
    (2) (12 points) Consider the function h(x, y) = xy.
    (a) Sketch the contour lines (level curves) of h in the first quadrant.
    (b) Let P be the point P = (4, 9). Compute the value of h at P .
    (c) Find the linear approximation L(x, y) of h at P .
    (d) Estimate the value of h at the point (3.9, 9.1).
    Solution:
    √
    (a) The level curves are the curves where h is constant, but if xy = c then xy = c2 .
    If c = 0 these are the coordinates axes. Otherwise y = c2 /x (since x cannot be
    zero). These curves
    √ are hyperbolas.
    (b) h(P ) = h(4, 9) = 36 = 6.
    (c) The linear approximation to h at P = (x0 , y0 ) is
    L(x, y) = h(P ) + (∇h)(P ) · hx − x0 , y − y0 i.
    √
    Here ∇h = hy, xi/(2 xy) and (∇h)(P ) = h9, 4i/12 so that
    1 3x y
    L(x, y) = 6 + h9, 4i · hx − 4, y − 9i = + .
    12 4 3
    (d) h(3.9, 9.1) is approximated by L(3.9, 9.1) which can be computed explicitly:
    1
    L(3.9, 9.1) = 6 + h9, 4i · h−0.1, 0.1i
    12
    = 6 + (−9 + 4)/120 = 6 − 5/120 = 6 − 1/24.
    The point (3.9, 9.1) is close to (4, 9) and the function values are also close (1/24 ≈
    0.042).

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