BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Loading Arrangement on beam 1. Load from One way Slab Ly/Lx > 2 Beam with one way slab will support half of the load from slab.

Load on beam, AB = CD w = nLx/2 kN/m Ly

AC = BD

w=0 Lx

n = uniformly distributed load from slab (kN/m2)

2. Load from Two way Slab Ly/Lx < 2

- Two methods can be used to calculate the load from two way slab to beam which is Estimation Method and Shear Force Coefficient from Table 3.15 BS 8110.

(i) Estimation Method A C Load on beam, AC = BD w = nLx/3 (kN/m) Lx

AB = CD Ly

(kN/m)

(ii) Shear Force Coefficient from Table 3.15: BS 8110 Load on beam may be calculated from the following equations; Shear Force at Long Span, Ly w = Vsx = vx.n.lx (kN/m)

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Shear Force at Short Span, Lx

Vsy

vy.n.lx (kN/m)

Where;

vx, vy = n = lx =

shear force coefficient from Table 3.15. design load (kN/m2) short span (m)

There are 9 cases of slab edge continuity that may be exist for shear force coefficient as shown in figure below.

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

EXERCISE 2.2 Figure 2.2 shows the plan view of first floor office building. If the slab thickness is 150 mm for all slab. Calculate the dead and imposed load of beam C/1-3. Use beam size 200 mm x 450 mm.

S1

S2

Brickwall 3m height

Solution: Load on Slab Slab Self-weight = 0.150 x 24 = 3.6 kN/m2 Slab S1 Dead load, Gk Imposed load, Qk Slab S2 Dead Load, Gk Imposed Load, Qk Load distribution from slab Slab 1 Ly/Lx = 3500/2850 = 1.23 < 2.0 : Two way slab Slab Case 8: Three edges discontinuous (one short edge continuos), vx = 0.37 Vsx = vx. n. Lx Gk = 0.37 x 3.6 x 2.85 = 3.8 kN/m Qk = 0.37 x 2.0 x 2.85 = 2.1 kN/m Slab 2 Ly/Lx = 5000/2850 = 1.75 < 2.0 : Two way slab Slab Case 8: Three edges discontinuous (one short edge continuos), vx = 0.45 Vsx = vx. n. Lx Gk = 0.45 x 3.6 x 2.85 = 4.6 kN/m Qk = 0.45 x 2.5 x 2.85 = 3.2 kN/m

= 3.6 kN/m2 = 2.0 kN/m2

= 3.6 kN/m2 = 2.5 kN/m2

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Load on Beam C/1-3 Span 1-2 Gk: From Slab S1 = 3.8 kN/m Qk: Brickwall = 2.6 x 3.0 = 7.8 kN/m Beam s/weight = 24 x (0.2 x (0.45-0.15)) = 1.44 kN/m Total dead load, Gk = 13.04 kN/m From Slab S1 = 2.1 kN/m

Total imposed load, Qk = 2.1 kN/m Qk: From Slab S2 = 3.2 kN/m

Span 2-3 Gk: From Slab S2 = 4.6 kN/m Brickwall = 7.8 kN/m Beam s/weight = 1.44 kN/m Total dead load, Gk = 13.84 kN/m

Total imposed load, Qk = 3.2 kN/m

Gk = 13.04 kN/m Gk = 13.84 kN/m Qk = 2.1 kN/m Qk = 3.2 kN/m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 3.85 m 1 2 5m

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

EXERCISE 2.3 Figure below shows the first floor layout plan of office building. If all beams size are 200 x 500 mm, determine the following; Characteristic dead and imposed load act on the beam C/1-4 if all slab thickness are 150 mm and the brickwall heights is 3m. Shear force and bending moment envelope of beam C/1-4. A 6m B 3m C 6m D 6m 1 2 7.5 m 3 6m 4 S3 S4 S5 S1 S2

Solution: Load on Slab Slab Self-weight = 0.150 x 24 = 3.6 kN/m2 Slab S1, S2, S3, S4 & S5 Dead load, Gk Imposed load, Qk Load distribution from slab Slab S1 Ly/Lx = 7500/3000 = 2.5 > 2.0 : One way slab w = n. Lx/2 Gk = 3.6(3.0)/2 = 5.4 kN/m Qk = 2.5(3.0)/2 = 3.75 kN/m Slab S2 Ly/Lx = 6000/3000 = 2.0 2.0 : Two way slab Slab Case 2: One short edge discontinuos, vx = 0.52 Vsx = vx. n. Lx Gk = 0.52 x 3.6 x 3.0 = 5.6 kN/m Qk = 0.52 x 2.5 x 3.0 = 3.9 kN/m 5

= 3.6 kN/m2 = 2.5 kN/m2

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Slab S3 Ly/Lx = 6000/6000 = 1.0 < 2.0 : Two way slab Slab Case 7: Three edges discontinuous (One long edge continuous) , vy = 0.29 Vsy= vy. n. Lx Gk = 0.29 x 3.6 x 6.0 = 6.3 kN/m Qk = 0.29 x 2.5 x 6.0 = 4.4 kN/m Slab S4 Ly/Lx = 7500/6000 = 1.25 < 2.0 : Two way slab Slab Case 2: One long edge discontinuos, vx = 0.46 Vsx = vx. n. Lx Gk = 0.43 x 3.6 x 6.0 = 9.3 kN/m Qk = 0.43 x 2.5 x 6.0 = 6.5 kN/m Slab S5 Ly/Lx = 6000/6000 = 1.0 < 2.0 : Two way slab Slab Case 4: Two adjacent edges discontinuos, vx = 0.40 Vsx = vx. n. Lx Gk = 0.40 x 3.6 x 6.0 = 8.6 kN/m Qk = 0.40 x 2.5 x 6.0 = 6.0 kN/m Load on Beam C/1-4 Span 1-2 Gk: From Slab S3 = 6.3 kN/m Qk: Brickwall = 2.6 x 3.0 = 7.8 kN/m Beam s/weight = (24)(0.20)(0.50-0.150) = 1.68 kN/m Total dead load, Gk Span 2-3 Gk: From Slab S1 From Slab S4 Brickwall Beam s/weight Total dead load, Gk Span 3-4 Gk: From Slab S2 From Slab S5 Brickwall Beam s/weight Total dead load, Gk = 15.78 kN/m From Slab S3 = 4.4 kN/m

Total Imposed load, Qk = 4.4 kN/m

= = = =

5.4 kN/m 9.3 kN/m 7.8 kN/m 1.68 kN/m

Qk:

From Slab S1 From Slab S4

= 3.75 kN/m = 6.5 kN/m

= 24.18 kN/m

Total Imposed load, Qk = 10.25 kN/m

= = = =

5.6 kN/m 8.6 kN/m 7.8 kN/m 1.68 kN/m

Qk: ,m

From Slab S2 From Slab S5

= 3.9 kN/m = 6.0 kN/m

= 23.68 kN/m

Total Imposed load, Qk = 9.9 kN/m

Gk = 15.78 kN/m Gk = 24.18 kN/m Gk = 23.68 kN/m Qk = 4.4 kN/m Qk = 10.25 kN/m Qk = 9.9 kN/m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 6m 1 2 6 7.5 m 3 6m 4

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Critical Load arrangement on beam (i) Load Case 1 : All span loaded with maximum load 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk 29.13 kN/m 6m 1 2 50.3 kN/m 7.5 m 3 59 kN/m 6m 4

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

(ii) Load Case 2 : Alternate span loaded with maximum load 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk and minimum load 1.0Gk 29.13 kN/m 6m 1 2 24.18 kN/m 7.5 m 3 59 kN/m 6m 4

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

(iii) Load Case 3 : Alternate span loaded with minimum load 1.0Gk and maximum load 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk

15.78 kN/m 6m 1 2

50.13 kN/m 7.5 m 3

23.68 kN/m 6m 4

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

EXERCISE 2.4 Design the ultimate bending moments and shear forces for beam 2/A-D by using Table 3.5 BS 8110. The loading criteria are given as follows: Slab thickness Finishing, partition etc. Characteristic Imposed load Beam size = 125 mm = 2.95 kN/m2 = 3.00 kN/m2 = 250 x 450 mm

Solution: Load on slab Slab Self-weight Finishing, partition etc. Total dead Load, Gk Total Imposed load, Qk = 0.125 x 24 = 3.kN/m2 = 2.95 kN/m2 = 5.95 kN/m2 = 3.00 kN/m2

Load on Beam 2/A-D Gk: From Slab = 5.95(3.0/2)(2) = 17.85kN/m Beam s/weight = (24)(0.25)(0.45-0.125) = 1.95 kN/m Total dead load, Gk Qk: From Slab = 19.8 kN/m = 3.0(3.0/2)(2) = 9.00 kN/m

Total Imposed load, Qk = 9.00 kN/m Term and condition Characteristic Imposed load, Qk < Characteristic Dead load, Gk Uniform distributed load all over 3 span Equal beam span Therefore moment and shear force can be calculate using coefficient from table 3.5, BS 8110. 8

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Table 3.5 Design ultimate bending moments and shear forces At outer Near middle of At first interior support end span support Moment 0 0.09 Fl 0.11 Fl Shear 0.45 F 0.6 F l - the effective span F total design ultimate load (1.4Gk + 1.6Qk) Total design load, w = = = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk 1.4(19.8) + 1.6(9) 42.12 kN/m

At middle of interior spans 0.07 Fl -

At interior support -0.08 Fl 0.55F

F =

wL =

42.12(8) = 336.96 kN 42.12 kN/m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 8m A B 8m C 8m D

0.45F = 151.6 kN SFD

0.55F = 185.3 kN

0.6F = 202.8 kN

0.6F = 202.8 kN

0.55F = 185.3 kN

0.45F = 151.6 kN

0.11FL = 296.5 kNm BMD

0.11FL = 296.5 kNm

0.09FL = 246.2 kNm

0.07FL = 188.7 kNm

0.09FL = 246.2 kNm

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Moment distribution methods 42.12 kN/m

8m A Fixed end moment: MAB = MBC = MCD = B

8m C

8m D

wL 2 42 .12 x82 = = 224 .64 kNm 12 12

3EI 3 = L 8 4 EI 4 = KBC = KCB = L 8 Distribution factor: BA : BC = CD : CB

Stiffness :

KBA = KBC =

3 4 : 8 8 = 0.43 : 0.57 3 4 + 8 8
B

-224.64 224.64

0.00

0.43 224.64 0.00 112.32 -48.3 0.00 -13.76 0.00 -3.92 0.00 -1.12 0.00 -0.32 0.00 -0.09 0.00 -0.03 269.42

0.57 -224.64 0.00 0.00 -64.24 32.01 -18.25 9.12 -5.2 2.6 -1.48 0.74 -0.42 0.21 -0.12 0.06 -0.03 -269.42

0.57 2224.64 0.00 0.00 64.02 -32.01 18.25 -9.12 5.2 -2.6 1.48 -0.74 0.42 -0.21 0.12 -0.06 0.03 269.42

0.43 -224.64 0.00 -112.32 48.3 0.00 13.76 0.00 3.92 0.00 1.12 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.03 -269.42

224.64 -224.64

0.00

10