ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

Q1: Design a Simply supported beam 12 ft long subjected to a uniform disturbed load of 4000 lb/ft
. Use A-36 steel and allowable stress design method. The designing should be based on AISC specification for buildings and the beam should be considered as laterally un-supported. Check the Design section against bending, shear and deflection. 4000 lb/ft

12 ft Step # 1 : Maximum Bending Moment = W L 2 / 8 Step # 2 : Section Modulus (approx) = Maximum Bending Moment / Fb *Fb = Allowable Bending Stress for Steel 4000 ( 12 )2 / 8 72000 lb-ft

For Beam Which are Laterally Un-supported : Fb = 0.60 Fy For Beam Which are laterally Supported : Fb = 0.66 Fy Considering the beam as Laterally Unsupported S ( approx ) = 72000 * 12 / 0.60 * 36000 Step # 3 By Finding Suitable section from steel table Nominal Size 12 * 6 1/2 Inch Weight per foot 36 L.b Depth of Section 12.24 inch Inertia 280.8 inch4 40.0 in3

*Fy= 36 Ksi OR 36000 psi

Section Modulus 45.9 inch3

Web thickness 0.305 inches

Flange thickness 0.540 inches

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ASD Method Problems Step # 4: Maximum Bending Moment (self) = Ws L 2 / 8 36 ( 12 )2 / 8 648 lb-ft

Dr. Zubair Memon

Section Modulus (self) = 648 * 12 / 0.6 * 36000 0.36 in3 Section Modulus (required) = Section Modulus (approx) + Section Modulus ( self) = 40.0 + 0.36 As S(provided) > S (required) 40.6 inch3 45.9 inch 3 > 40.36 inch 3

Step # 5: Allowable Shear Stress = 0.40 Fy Step # 6:

Section is Safe in bending

Maximum Shear Force = W L / 2 + W L / 2

(4000* 12)/ 2 + (36*12)/ 2 14400 psi

24216 lbs

0.40 * 36000

Shear Area = (Depth of Section 2 * Flange thickness ) * Web thickness = ( 12.24 2 * 0.54 ) * 0.305 3.40 inch2

Actual Shear Area = Maximum Shear Force / S.A = 24216 / 3.40 7122.35 psi

As, Actual Shear stress < Allowable Shear Stress 7122.35 psi < 14400 psi

Step # 7: Finding out Deflection (actual) = 5 W (L ) 4 / 384 E I ( allowable) = L / 360 inch

Section is Safe in Shear

5 * 4036 * (12)4 / 384 * 29*106 * 280.8 (12) 0.231 inch

12 * 12 / 360 0.4 inch

( allowable) > (actual)

Section is Safe in Shear

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ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

Q2: Design a exterior beam and girders , interior beams of workshop. The Slab of workshop is 6
inch thick of R.C.C . The total flow area is 20 ft by 20 ft . Three beams are resting over two griders which are transmitting the load to the columns . The live load is 200 lb/ft2 . Use A-36 Steel and ASG method. G-1

20 ft

B1

B-2

B-3

5 ft 10ft 20 ft Step # 1 : Slab thickness = 6 inch or 0.5 Live Load = 200 lb/ft Flow Area = 20 * 20 (R.C.C) Dead Load = Thickness of Slab * Density of R.C.C * Section = 0.5 * 150 * 5 375 lb/ft 1000 lb/ft

G-2

Consult Densities page

Live Load = 20 lb/ft2 * 5

Total Load = Dead Load + Live Load 1000 + 375 1375 lb/ft If we construct a graphical representation of load acting upon a 5 Section beam (exterior). 1375 lb / ft

20

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ASD Method Problems Maximum Bending Moment = W L 2 / 8 1375 ( 20 )2 / 8 68750 lb-ft 13750 lbs

Dr. Zubair Memon

Maximum Shear Force = WL / 2 1375 * 20 / 2 Step # 2 : S (approx) = Max Bending Moment / Fb Fb = 0.60 * Fy 0.60 * 36000 21600 psi

S ( approx ) = ( 68750 / 21600 ) * 12 38.19 in3 Step # 3 : By Finding Suitable section from steel table Nominal Size 14 * 6 3/4 Inch Weight per foot 64 L.b Depth of Section 12.24 inch Inertia 280.8 inch4 Section Modulus 45.9 inch3 Web thickness 0.305 inches Flange thickness 0.540 inches

Step # 4 :

As S(provided) > S (required) 45.9 inch 3 > 40.36 inch 3

Step # 5 : Check of Shear S.S ( Allowable ) = 0.4 * Fy S.S ( Actual ) = S. F (max) / S.A

Section is Safe in bending

0.4 * 36000 14400 psi

S. F ( max ) = S.F ( load ) + S.F (D.L) W L /2 + W L / 2 (1375*20)/2+(34*20)/2 14090 Shear Area = (Depth of Section 2 * Flange thickness ) * Web thickness = ( 14.2 2 * 0.45 ) * 0.287 3.75 inch2

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ASD Method Problems Actual Shear Area = Maximum Shear Force / S.A = 14090 / 3.75 3757.3 lb / in2

Dr. Zubair Memon

As, Actual Shear stress < Allowable Shear Stress 3757.3 psi < 14400 psi

Step # 6: (actual) = 5 W (L ) 4 / 384 E I ( allowable) = L / 360 inch

Section is Safe in Shear

5 * (1375+34) (20 )4 / 384 * 29 * 106 * 339*12 0.515 inch 20 / 360 0.055 * 12 0.66 inch

As, (actual) < ( allowable) 0.515 < 0.66

Dead Load = 6 / 12 * 150 * 10 Live Load = 200 * 10 2000 lb/ft

Section is Safe in Deflection

750 lb/ft

Now, If we construct a graphical representation of load acting upon a 5 Section beam (interior). 2750 lb / ft

20

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ASD Method Problems Max Bending Moment = W L 2 / 8 2750 (20)2 / 8 137500 lb.ft Fb = 0.60 * fy 0.60 * 36000 21600

Dr. Zubair Memon

Section Modulus (approx) = Max B.M / Fb ( 137500 / 21600 ) 6.365 ft3 OR 76.38 in3 By Finding Suitable section from steel table Nominal Size 14 * 8 Inch Weight per foot 58 L.b Depth of Section 14.06 inch Inertia 597.9 inch4 Section Web Modulus(provided) thickness 85 inch3 0.406 inches Flange thickness 0.718 inches

Max Bending Moment = W L 2 / 8 58 * ( 20 )2 / 8 2900 lb-ft Section Modulus (req) = Max B.M / fb 2900 / 21600 * 12 1.611 in3 Section Modulus (actual) = S (req) + S (approx) 1.611 + 76.388 77.988 inch3 S (provided) > S (actual)

Shear Stress

Section is Safe in bending

Max Shear force = Shear force (Dead Load ) + Shear force (live load ) = W L/ 2 + W L /2 (2750 * 20) / 2 + (58 * 20) / 2 27500 + 580 28080 lbs Shear Area = (Depth of Section 2 * Flange thickness ) * Web thickness = ( 14.06 2 * 0.718 ) * 0.406 5.125 inch 2 Shear Stress (actual) = Max S.F / Shear Area 28080 / 5.12 5478.7 psi Shear Stress (allow ) = 0.4 * fy 0.40 * 36000 14400 psi As, Shear Stress (allowable) > Shear Stress (actual)

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Section is Safe in Shear

11

ASD Method Problems (actual) = 5 W (L ) 4 / 384 E I ( allowable) = L / 360 inch

Dr. Zubair Memon 5 * (2808) (20 * 12)4 / 384 * 29 * 106 *597.9 *12 0.583 inch 20 / 360 0.055 * 12 0.66 inch

As, (actual) < ( allowable) 0.583 inch < 0.66 inch

Now, Designing Girders

Section is Safe in Deflection

14040

20 ft

Total Load acting on Interior Beam = 2750 lb / ft Total Live Load acting on Girder = 2750 * 20 = 55000 lbs Dead Load = 58 { taken from steel table } * 20 = 1160 lbs Total Load = Live Load + Dead Load We need load at center thats why 56160 / 2 28080 lbs 55000 + 1160 56160 lbs

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ASD Method Problems 28080 lbs

Dr. Zubair Memon

10 ft Max Bending Moment = W L / 4 28080 * 20 / 4 140400 lb.ft Fb = 0.60 * fy 0.60 * 36000 21600 Section Modulus (approx) = Max B.M / Fb ( 140400 / 21600 ) 6.5 ft3 OR 78 in3 By Finding Suitable section from steel table Nominal Size 12 * 12 Inch Weight per foot 65 L.b Depth of Section 12.12 inch Inertia 533.4 inch4 Section Web Modulus(provided) thickness 88 inch3 0.390 inches Flange thickness 0.606 inches

Max Bending Moment = W L 2 / 8 65 * ( 20 )2 / 8 3250 lb-ft Section Modulus (req) = Max B.M / fb 3250 / 21600 * 12 1.8 in3 Section Modulus (actual) = S (req) + S (approx) 1.8 + 78 79.8 inch3 S (provided) > S (actual)

Shear Stress

Section is Safe in bending

Max Shear force = Shear force ( Live Load ) + Shear force ( Dead load ) = W / 2 + W L /2 (28080) / 2 + ( 65 * 20 ) / 2 14040 + 650 14690 lbs Shear Area = (Depth of Section 2 * Flange thickness ) * Web thickness = ( 12.12 2 * 0.606 ) * 0.390 4.25 inch 2 Shear Stress (actual) = Max S.F / Shear Area 14690 / 4.25 3456.4 psi

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ASD Method Problems Shear Stress (allow ) = 0.4 * fy 0.40 * 36000 14400 psi As, Shear Stress (allowable) > Shear Stress (actual)

Dr. Zubair Memon

Section is Safe in Shear

(actual) = P (L ) 3 / 48 E I 28080 (20 * 12)3 / 48 * 29 * 106 *533.4 *12 0.043 inch ( self weight ) = 5 W (L ) 4 / 384 E I 5 * ( 65 ) ( 20 * 12)4 / 384 * 29 * 106 * 533.4 *12 0.015 inch = (actual) + (self weight ) 0.043 + 0.015 0.058 inch ( allowable) = L / 360 inch 20 / 360 0.055 * 12 0.66 inch

( allowable) > ( total )

Section is Safe in Deflection

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ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

Q:3 The floor of small factory building as shown in figure consist of 5 inch R.C.C floor slab supported
by steel beams the lateral are 20 ft and long are spaced at 8 ft on center and frame into webs of the steel girders and columns by means of standard connection angle. The girders are similarly connected to the flange of the column are 24 ft long center to center of supports. The live load is 200 + R psf. Use A36 steel with AISC specifications for the design of beam and girders. G-1

B-1

B-2

B-3

B-4 20

24

Design for Exterior Beam (Live load = 200 + 37 = 237 ) Live load = 237 * 4 948 lb /ft Dead Load = (5/12) * 150 * 4 250 lb/ft Total load = Dead load + live load 250 + 948 1198 lb/ft

1198 lb / ft

20

Maximum Bending Moment = W L 2 / 8

1198 ( 20 )2 / 8 59900 lb-ft 11980 lbs

Maximum Shear Force = WL / 2 1198 * 20 / 2

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ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

Step # 2 : S (approx) = Max Bending Moment / Fb Fb = 0.60 * Fy 0.60 * 36000 21600 psi

S ( approx ) = ( 59900 / 21600 ) * 12 33.27 in3 Step # 3 : By Finding Suitable section from steel table Nominal Size 10 * 8 Inch Weight per foot 45 L.b Depth of Section 10.12 inch Inertia 248.6 inch4 Section Modulus 49.1 inch3 Web thickness 0.350 inches Flange thickness 0.618 inches

45 lb / ft

20

Step # 4 : Max Bending Moment (self) = W(self) L 2 / 8 45 * ( 20 )2 / 8 2250 lb-ft Section Modulus (self ) = Max B.M(self) / fb 2250 / 21600 * 12 1.25 in3 Section Modulus ( applied ) = S (approx) + S (self) 33.27 + 1.25 34.52 inch3 As S(provided) > S (required) 49.1 inch 3 > 40 inch 3

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Section is Safe in bending

16

ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

CHECK FOR SHEAR W = Total Load + Self Load 1198 + 45 1243 lbs Shear force (self )= W L / 2 1243 * 20 / 2 12430 lbs

Shear Area = (Depth of Section 2 * Flange thickness ) * Web thickness = [ 10.12 (2 * 0.618) ] * 0.350 3.1094 inch2

Actual Shear Area = Shear Force (applied) + Shear Force(self) / S.A = 12430 / 3.1094 3998.07 lb / in2

Allowable Shear stress = 0.40 * fy 0.40 * 36000 14400 lb/in2 As, Allowable Shear stress > Applied Shear Stress

(actual) = 5 W (L ) 4 / 384 E I ( allowable) = L / 360 inch

Section is Safe in Shear

5 * ( 12430 ) (20 )4 / 384 * 29 * 106 * 248.6 0.51 inch ( 20 / 360 ) * 12 0.667 inch

As, (allowable) > ( actual )

Section is Safe in Deflection

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ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

Design for Interior Beam Live load = 237 * 8 2312 lb /ft Dead Load = (5/12) * 150 * 8 500 lb/ft Total load = Dead load + live load 500 + 2312 2812 lb/ft

2812 lb / ft

20

Maximum Bending Moment = W L 2 / 8

2818 ( 20 )2 / 8 140600 lb-ft 28120 lbs

Maximum Shear Force = WL / 2 2812 * 20 / 2

Step # 2 : S (approx) = Max Bending Moment / Fb Fb = 0.60 * Fy 0.60 * 36000 21600 psi

S ( approx ) = ( 140600 / 21600 ) * 12 78.11 in3 Step # 3 : By Finding Suitable section from steel table Nominal Size 14 * 8 Inch Weight per foot 58 L.b Depth of Section 14.06 inch Inertia 597.9 inch4 Section Modulus 85 inch3 Web thickness 0.406 inches Flange thickness 0.748 inches

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ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon 58 lb / ft

20

Step # 4 : Max Bending Moment (self) = W(self) L 2 / 8 58 * ( 20 )2 / 8 2900 lb-ft Section Modulus (self ) = Max B.M(self) / fb 2900 / 21600 * 12 1.61 in3 Section Modulus ( applied ) = S (approx) + S (self) 78.11 + 1.61 79.72 inch3 As S(provided) > S (required)

CHECK FOR SHEAR Shear force (self )= W L / 2

Section is Safe in bending

W = Total Load + Self Load 2812+ 58 2870 lbs 2870 * 20 / 2 28700 lbs

Shear Area = (Depth of Section 2 * Flange thickness ) * Web thickness = [ 14.06 (2 * 0.718) ] * 0.406 5.125 inch2

Actual Shear Area = Shear Force (applied) + Shear Force(self) / S.A = 28700 / 5.125 5600 lb / in2

Allowable Shear stress = 0.40 * fy 0.40 * 36000 14400 lb/in2 As, Allowable Shear stress > Applied Shear Stress

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Section is Safe in Shear

19

ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

(actual) = 5 W (L ) 4 / 384 E I ( allowable) = L / 360 inch

5 * ( 2870 ) (20 )4 / 384 * 29 * 106 * 597.9 0.51 inch ( 20 / 360 ) * 12 0.667 inch

As, (allowable) > ( actual )

DESIGN FOR GRIDERS:

Section is Safe in Deflection

22960

22960

Total weight of beam = 2870 * 8 = 22960 Maximum Bending Moment = W L / 3 S (approx) = Max Bending Moment / Fb Fb = 0.60 * Fy 0.60 * 36000 21600 psi 22960 ( 24 ) / 3 129300 lb-ft

S ( applied ) = (129300 / 21600 ) * 12 102.04 in3

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ASD Method Problems Properties of Section: Nominal Size 14 * 10 Inch Weight per foot 74 L.b Depth of Section 14.19 inch Inertia 796.8 inch4 Section Modulus 112.3 inch3 Web thickness 0.450 inches

Dr. Zubair Memon

Flange thickness 0.783 inches

74 lb / ft

20

Step # 4 : Max Bending Moment (self) = W(self) L 2 / 8 74 * ( 20 )2 / 8 3700 lb-ft Section Modulus (self ) = Max B.M(self) / fb 3700 / 21600 * 12 2.05 in3 Section Modulus ( applied ) = S (approx) + S (self) 102.04 + 2.05 104.095 inch3 As S(provided) > S (required)

CHECK FOR SHEAR Shear force (self )= W L / 2

Section is Safe in bending

74 * 20 / 2 740 lbs

Shear Area = (Depth of Section 2 * Flange thickness ) * Web thickness = [ 14.19 (2 * 0.783) ] * 0.456 5.68 inch2

Actual Shear Area = = 4624.39 lb / in2

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ASD Method Problems Allowable Shear stress = 0.40 * fy 0.40 * 36000 14400 lb/in2 As, Allowable Shear stress > Applied Shear Stress

Dr. Zubair Memon

(applied) = 23 P (L ) 3 / 648 E I

Section is Safe in Shear

23 * 22960 * 20 3 * 123 / 648 * 29 * 106 * 796.8 0.48 inch

(self ) = 5 W L 4 / 384 E I 5 * 74 * 20 4 * 12 4 / 384 * 29 * 10 6 + 796.8 0.0115 (actual ) = 0.48 + 0.0115 0.4915 ( allowable) = L / 360 inch ( 20 / 360 ) * 12 0.66 inch

As, (allowable) > ( actual )

Section is Safe in Deflection

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ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

Q:4 Design an interior beam for composite action of 30 ft * 32 ft with the following data.
1. Assume beams to simply supported 2. 4 inch concrete slabs 3. Live load 100 psf 4. Load of Partition walls 20 psf B-1 8 B-2

B-2 B-2

B-1
DESIGN FOR INTERIOR BEAM Live load = 100 * 8 800 lb /ft Dead Load = (4/12) * 8 * 150 400 lb/ft Total load = Dead load + live load 800 + 400 1200 lb/ft 1200 lb / ft

30

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ASD Method Problems Maximum Bending Moment = W L 2 / 8 1200 ( 30 )2 / 8 135000 lb-ft 18000 lbs

Dr. Zubair Memon

Maximum Shear Force = WL / 2 1200 * 30 / 2 Step # 2 : S (approx) = Max Bending Moment / Fb Fb = 0.60 * Fy 0.60 * 36000 21600 psi

S ( approx ) = ( 135000 / 21600 ) * 12 75 in3 Step # 3 : By Finding Suitable section from steel table Nominal Size 18 * 7 1/2 Inch Weight per foot 50 L.b Depth of Section 18 inch Inertia 800.6 inch4 Section Modulus 89 inch3 Web thickness 0.358 inches Flange thickness 0.57 inches

50 lb / ft

30

Step # 4 : Max Bending Moment (self) = W(self) L 2 / 8 50 * ( 30 )2 / 8 5625 lb-ft Section Modulus (self ) = Max B.M(self) / fb 5625 / 21600 * 12 3.125 in3 Section Modulus ( applied ) = S (approx) + S (self) 75 + 3.125 78.125 inch3 As S(provided) > S (required) 78.125 inch 3 > 75 inch 3

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Section is Safe in bending

24

ASD Method Problems CHECK FOR SHEAR Shear force (self )= W L / 2 50 * 30 / 2 750 lbs

Dr. Zubair Memon

Shear Area = (Depth of Section 2 * Flange thickness ) * Web thickness = [ 18 (2 * 0.57) ] * 0.358 6.03588 inch2

Actual Shear Area = Shear Force (applied) + Shear Force(self) / S.A = 187750 / 6.03588 3106.87 lb / in2

Allowable Shear stress = 0.40 * fy 0.40 * 36000 14400 lb/in2 As, Allowable Shear stress > Applied Shear Stress

(actual) = 5 W (L ) 4 / 384 E I ( allowable) = L / 360 inch

Section is Safe in Shear

5 * ( 1200+50 ) (30* )4 / 384 * 29 * 106 * 800.6 0.987 inch ( 30 / 360 ) * 12 1 inch

As, (allowable) > ( actual )

Section is Safe in Deflection

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ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

Q5: Design a Simply supported beam 15 ft long subjected to a point load of 5000 lbs at the center
of the span . Use A-36 steel and allowable stress design method. The designing should be based on AISC specification for buildings and the beam should be considered as laterally un-supported. Check the Design section against bending, shear and deflection.

50000 lbs

P/2

15

P/2

Maximum Bending moment = PL / 4

50000 * 15 / 4 187500 lb.ft

S ( approx ) = Maximum bending moment / Fb 187500 * 12 / 0.66 * 36000 104.6 in3 Properties of Section: Nominal Size 14 * 10 Inch Weight per foot 74 L.b Depth of Section 14.19 inch Inertia 796.8 inch4 Section Modulus 112.3 inch3 Web thickness 0.450 inches Flange thickness 0.783 inches

To save our time we are finding deflection 1st in case Deflection failures we have to take other allowable properties of section thats why we are finding deflection 1st. CHECK FOR DEFLECTION: (actual) = + + ( 15 / 360 ) * 12 0.5 inch 0.266 inch

( allowable) = L / 360 inch

As, (allowable) > ( actual )

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Section is Safe in Deflection

26

ASD Method Problems CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT : Max Bending Moment (self) = Section Modulus (self ) = * 12 2081 lb-ft * 12 1.15 in3

Dr. Zubair Memon

Section Modulus ( applied ) = S (approx) + S (self) 104.16 + 1.15 105.31 inch3 As S(provided) > S (required)

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS : CHECK FOR SHEAR Shear force (self )= W L / 2

Section is Safe in bending

Shear Force (actual) = W /2 50000 / 2 25000 lbs 74 * 15 / 2 555 lbs

Shear Area = (Depth of Section 2 * Flange thickness ) * Web thickness = [ 14.19 (2 * 0.783) ] * 0.456 5.75 inch2

Actual Shear Stress = = 4444.3.4 lb / in2

Allowable Shear stress = 0.40 * fy 0.40 * 36000 14400 lb/in2 As, Allowable Shear stress > Applied Shear Stress

Section is Safe in Shear

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ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

Q6: Design a Simply supported beam 24 ft long span subjected to two point loads as shown in
figure . Use A-36 steel and allowable stress design method. The designing should be based on AISC specification for buildings and the beam should be considered as laterally un-supported. Check the Design section against bending, shear and deflection.

10000 lbs

10000 lbs

fy = 0 MA = 0

RA + RB = 10000 + 10000

RA + RB = 20000 lbs RB = 10000 lbs , RA = 10000 lbs

0 = 10000 * 8 + 10000 * 16 RB * 24

From Steel Table :

( ) ( )

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Section is Un- Safe in Shear

28

ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

From Steel Table Now we take all the parameters According to the Moment of inertia Properties of Section: Nominal Size 14 * 6.75 Inch Weight per foot 38 L.b Depth of Section 14.12 inch Inertia 385.3 inch4 Section Modulus 54.6 inch3 Web thickness 0.313 inches Flange thickness 0.513 inches

CHECK FOR BENDING STRESSES.

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESSES.

Section is Safe in bending

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ASD Method Problems

Dr. Zubair Memon

Shear Area = (Depth of Section 2 * Flange thickness ) * Web thickness

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION (). ( ) (

Section is Safe in Shear

Section is Safe in Deflection

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