Topic 1 Water Treatment System

WATER
TREATMENT
SYSTEM
What you will learn
today?
➢ Introduction
➢ Sources of Water
➢ Water Cycle
➢ Treatment Process
➢ Water Distribution System
2
WHAT DO YOU
KNOW ABOUT THE
WATER THAT YOU
DRINK?
3
Water FACTS!
▸ Water is made of tiny molecules of hydrogen and
oxygen.
▸ Each one is so small that you can’t see it even with
the most powerful microscope.
▸ Pure water has no color, no taste and doesn’t smell
of anything.
▸ Water exists in three forms on the Earth:
1. solid (ice, hail, snow or frost)
2. liquid (in lakes, oceans, rain, dew, fog or mist)
3. gas (steam or water vapor ) 4
1.
Transition
Headline
Let’s start with the first set of slides
WHY DO YOU NEED
WATER IN LIFE?
6
2.
SOURCES OF
WATER
SOURCES OF WATER
AQUIFERS (GROUND WATER)
SURFACE WATER
8
•Porous consolidated rock or unconsolidated soil
•Groundwater fills spaces
•Wells and pumps used to remove water
9
•Lakes, reservoirs, rivers
•Rivers dammed to create reservoirs
•Reservoirs store water during heavy rain/snow
10
Upstream
Spillway
Downstream
11
RESERVOIR
▸ Reservoir: Collects water behind a
dam or barrier
▸ Reservoirs are constructed for:
BAKUN RESERVOIR
▪ Drinking water,
▪ Irrigation,
▪ Hydropower,
▪ Flood mitigation
MARINA RESERVOIR
12
3.
WATER CYCLE
WATER CYCLE
Water never leaves the Earth. It is constantly being cycled

through the atmosphere, ocean, and land. This process, known as the
water cycle, is driven by energy from the sun. The water cycle is crucial to
the existence of life on our planet.
14
Water Cycle
15
4.
WATER
TREATMENT
PROCESS
17
Water Intake
INLET GATE
-Water intake structure was
built on the banks of the river
-It is fitted with a coarse
filter to trap impurities in
the river.
-Water entrance on large
intakes shall be constructed
so that an adequate quantity
of water can be pumped. 18
• Intended to prevent floated
impurities
• Coarse filter designed to
screen large impurity
• Coarse sieve size made of
Bandscreen steel bars
• 25mm diameter, 100mm
is mounted between each
other
• Fine screening to weed out
the finer impurities
19
To increase the dissolved oxygen content in
water
Add fresh flavor water
Reduce the odor of hydrogen sulfide in the
water
Aeration
Type of Aeration
•splash aerator
•cascade aerator
•trays aerator
•defuse aerator
20
21
Coagulation Process
Aims to provide a coagulant agent to trap micro

impurities
Chemicals added to the raw water after aeration process.
Used coagulants are aluminum sulfate or alum
22
Flocculation
Coagulation process is the formation of fine particles to the flocculants
Coagulation occurs when the ions are positively charged and negatively
charged colloidal particles are attracted to each other to form a flocculants
Coagulation process is a process of consolidation of fine flocculants formed
from the condensation process.
Coagulation is required to form a larger flocculants and heavy during the

sedimentation process.
23
• Aims to reduce suspended solids in
the water.
• Flocculants solids formed from the
previous process will be deposited by
gravity.
• Longer retention time required for a
flocculants to settle to the bottom
Sedimentation
24
Filtration
• Intended to remove suspended material that is not deposited during

the process of sedimentation.
• This process is done by doing the water through the filter media, the
sand or materials that can trap suspended solids
25
• This process is very
important to get rid of
germs.
• Method commonly used in
water treatment plants is to
use chlorine.
• Agent chlorine or chlorine
Disinfection compounds in solid, liquid or
gas into the water.
26
• This process is done to prevent
erosion in watercourses, and it
used hydrated lime.
• Erosion happens in the delivery
PH pipe will cause severe damage in
Balancing the long run.
• Erosion must be controlled so that
the delivery pipe can last.
27
5.
WATER
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
METHOD OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
GRAVITY
PUMP
COMBINATION
GRAVITY PUMP
COMBINATION
30
Thanks!
Any questions?
We will meet again in the
classroom E6.14 for tutorials
in another 1 hour.
(all students)
32

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Topic 1 Water Treatment System

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WATER

AQUIFERS (GROUND WATER)

Water never leaves the Earth. It is constantly being cycled

Aims to provide a coagulant agent to trap micro

Coagulation process is the formation of fine particles to the flocculants

Coagulation is required to form a larger flocculants and heavy during the

• Intended to remove suspended material that is not deposited during

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