Job Number Sheet

Job Title EN reaining wall design

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Calcs by Checked by Date

Retaining Wall Design : Ver W5.0.02 - 15 Jun 2022

Title : Cantilever wall example
C14
Input Data
Wall Dimensions General Parameters Design Parameters Concrete cover
H1 (m) 3 C (m) 0.25 Soil friction  (°) 27 SF Overturning 1.5 Wall (mm) 50
H2 (m) 1 F (m) 0 Fill slope  (°) 0 SF Slip 1.5 Base (mm) 50
H3 (m) 0 xf (m) 0.00 Wall friction  (°) 20 ULS DL factor 1.4
Hw (m) 1.5 At (m) 0.25  Concrete kN/m3 24 ULS LL factor 1.6
Hr (m) Ab (m) 0.25  Soil kN/m3 18 Pmax (kPa) 150
B (m) 0 x (m) 0 fcu (MPa) 30 Soil Poisson  0.5
D (m) 2 fy (MPa) 500 DLFac Slide/Ovt 0.9

Seepage not allowed

Active pressure applied on back of shear key for sliding

Theory : Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:OFF

Horizontal Acceleration (g) 0.02

Vertical Acceleration (g) 0.01
Include Live loads Y

OUTPUT: LOAD CASE Default

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka :0.332

Passive Pressure coefficient Kp :5.136
Base frictional constant µ :0.510

Forces on the wall

Force/weight Lever arm

Load Case: Default
Soil weights
W1 = 54.00 kN 1.25 m
W2 = 20.47 kN 1.25 m

Concrete weights
Wc1 = 16.50 kN 0.12 m
Wc3 = 13.50 kN 1.12 m

Soil forces
Pa = 23.25 kN
Pahor = 21.85 kN 1.08 m w
Paver = -7.95 kN 0.25 m
Pp = 46.22 kN 0.33 m
Fr = 121.97 kN

W1

Wc1

Paver Pa

Pahor
W2

Pp

Wc3
Fr

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m width
Note: Single Source Principle applied (EN 1997-1 2.4.2(9) P NOTE)

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

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Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm

left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 21.849 1.079 7.952 0.250
As a result of surcharge w 4.684 1.500 1.705 0.250

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -46.224 0.333
Weight of the wall + base 30.000 0.575
Weight of soil on the base 74.475 1.250
Triangular W-table press Pw 11.036 0.500 0.000 0.250
Hydrostatic pressure on top 24.525 1.250
of rear portion of base
Hydrostatic pressure on top 0.000 0.000
of front portion of base
UDL of 5.0 kPa 10.000 1.250

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m width

Note: Single Source Principle applied (EN 1997-1 2.4.2(9) P NOTE)

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 163.39 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 28.18 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 5.797

2.Force Equilibrium at SLS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 148.66 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 75.74 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 0.00 kN
Passive pressure on base : 46.22 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 121.97 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 37.57 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 37.57 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 3.246

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

Note: Single Source Principle applied (EN 1997-1 2.4.2(9) P NOTE)
All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 30.588 1.079 11.133 0.250
As a result of surcharge w 7.495 1.500 2.728 0.250

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -41.602 0.333
Weight of the wall + base 27.000 0.575
Weight of soil on the base 67.028 1.250
Triangular W-table press Pw 9.933 0.500 0.000 0.250
Hydrostatic pressure on top 22.072 1.250
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of rear portion of base

Hydrostatic pressure on top 0.000 0.000
of front portion of base
UDL of 4.5 kPa 9.000 1.250

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m width

Note: Single Source Principle applied (EN 1997-1 2.4.2(9) P NOTE)

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 147.05 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 40.78 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 3.606

2.Force Equilibrium at ULS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 133.79 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 68.17 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 0.00 kN
Passive pressure on base : 41.60 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 109.77 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 53.53 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 53.53 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 2.051

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS

Maximum pressure :104.04 kPa

Minimum pressure : 28.10 kPa
Maximum pressure occurs at left hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO BS8110 - 1997

Position from Moment Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

base top (m ) (kNm ) (mm^2/m) (mm^2/m) (mm^2/m)

0.00 27.10 0.00 345.29 325.00

0.06 26.70 0.00 340.25 325.00
0.11 26.14 0.00 333.14 325.00
0.16 25.44 0.00 324.21 325.00
0.22 24.62 0.00 313.66 325.00
0.28 23.68 0.00 301.75 325.00
0.33 22.66 0.00 288.70 325.00
0.38 21.56 0.00 274.74 325.00
0.44 20.41 0.00 260.11 325.00
0.50 19.23 0.00 245.03 325.00
0.55 18.03 0.00 229.74 325.00
0.60 16.83 0.00 214.47 325.00
0.66 15.65 0.00 199.44 325.00
0.72 14.51 0.00 184.90 325.00
0.77 13.42 0.00 171.07 325.00
0.82 12.40 0.00 158.07 325.00
0.88 11.45 0.00 145.87 325.00
0.94 10.55 0.00 134.43 325.00
0.99 9.71 0.00 123.70 325.00
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1.04 8.92 0.00 113.65 325.00

1.10 8.18 0.00 104.23 325.00
1.16 7.49 0.00 95.40 325.00
1.21 6.84 0.00 87.11 325.00
1.26 6.22 0.00 79.32 325.00
1.32 5.65 0.00 72.00 325.00
1.38 5.11 0.00 65.13 325.00
1.43 4.61 0.00 58.69 325.00
1.48 4.13 0.00 52.69 325.00
1.54 3.70 0.00 47.09 325.00
1.60 3.29 0.00 41.89 325.00
1.65 2.91 0.00 37.08 325.00
1.70 2.56 0.00 32.63 325.00
1.76 2.24 0.00 28.54 325.00
1.82 1.95 0.00 24.80 325.00
1.87 1.68 0.00 21.38 325.00
1.92 1.43 0.00 18.27 325.00
1.98 1.21 0.00 15.46 325.00
2.04 1.02 0.00 12.94 325.00
2.09 0.84 0.00 10.70 325.00
2.14 0.68 0.00 8.71 325.00
2.20 0.55 0.00 6.97 325.00
2.26 0.43 0.00 5.46 325.00
2.31 0.33 0.00 4.17 325.00
2.37 0.24 0.00 3.08 325.00
2.42 0.17 0.00 2.18 325.00
2.48 0.11 0.00 1.45 325.00
2.53 0.07 0.00 0.89 325.00
2.58 0.04 0.00 0.48 325.00
2.64 0.02 0.00 0.21 325.00
2.70 0.00 0.00 0.05 325.00
2.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 325.00

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO BS8110 - 1997

Position from Moment Top Reinforcing Bot Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

left(m ) (kNm ) (mm^2/m) (mm^2/m) (mm^2/m)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 325.00

0.04 -0.13 0.00 1.60 325.00
0.09 -0.50 0.00 0.00 325.00
0.13 -1.01 0.00 0.00 325.00
0.17 25.34 0.00 0.00 325.00
0.22 24.13 307.50 0.00 325.00
0.26 23.12 294.55 0.00 325.00
0.30 22.12 281.89 0.00 325.00
0.35 21.15 269.50 0.00 325.00
0.39 20.20 257.39 0.00 325.00
0.43 19.27 245.55 0.00 325.00
0.48 18.36 234.00 0.00 325.00
0.52 17.48 222.72 0.00 325.00
0.56 16.62 211.73 0.00 325.00
0.61 15.77 201.01 0.00 325.00
0.65 14.96 190.57 0.00 325.00
0.69 14.16 180.41 0.00 325.00
0.74 13.38 170.52 0.00 325.00
0.78 12.63 160.92 0.00 325.00
0.82 11.90 151.59 0.00 325.00
0.87 11.19 142.54 0.00 325.00
0.91 10.50 133.77 0.00 325.00
0.95 9.83 125.28 0.00 325.00
1.00 9.19 117.07 0.00 325.00
1.04 8.56 109.14 0.00 325.00
1.08 7.96 101.48 0.00 325.00
1.12 7.38 94.10 0.00 325.00
1.17 6.83 87.00 0.00 325.00
1.21 6.29 80.18 0.00 325.00
1.25 5.78 73.64 0.00 325.00
1.30 5.29 67.37 0.00 325.00
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1.34 4.82 61.39 0.00 325.00

1.38 4.37 55.68 0.00 325.00
1.43 3.94 50.25 0.00 325.00
1.47 3.54 45.10 0.00 325.00
1.51 3.16 40.23 0.00 325.00
1.56 2.80 35.64 0.00 325.00
1.60 2.46 31.32 0.00 325.00
1.64 2.14 27.28 0.00 325.00
1.69 1.85 23.53 0.00 325.00
1.73 1.57 20.05 0.00 325.00
1.77 1.32 16.84 0.00 325.00
1.82 1.09 13.92 0.00 325.00
1.86 0.88 11.28 0.00 325.00
1.90 0.70 8.91 0.00 325.00
1.95 0.54 6.82 0.00 325.00
1.99 0.39 5.01 0.00 325.00
2.03 0.27 3.48 0.00 325.00
2.08 0.17 2.23 0.00 325.00
2.12 0.10 1.25 0.00 325.00
2.16 0.04 0.56 0.00 325.00
2.21 0.01 0.14 0.00 325.00
2.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 325.00

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO BS8110 - 1997

Shear force at bottom of wall V = 46.9 kN

Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.25 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.45 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)

Sketch of Wall

Design code: BS8110 - 1997

Load Case: Default

0.25 5.00
0.00°
20.00°

27.00°
3.00

1.50
1.00

0.25 2.00
0.25

Ka=0.33
Kp=5.14
µ=0.51
V= 46.9kN
28.1kPa v= 0.25MPa
104.0kPa vc= 0.45MPa
Wall type: Cantilever SFslip = 3.25
Theory: Coulomb SFslip (ULS) = 2.05
SFovt = 5.80
SFovt (ULS) = 3.61
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Wall Bending Moments

Wall Moments
2.80

Moment max = 27.10kNm @ -.250m

2.60

2.40

2.20

2.00

1.80

1.60
Height (m)

1.40

1.20

1.00

.800

.600

.400

.200
5.00

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0
Bending moment (kNm)

Base Bending Moments

Base Moments Moment max = 25.34kNm @ .126m

26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
Bending moment (kNm)

18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.00
6.00
4.00
.100
.200
.300
.400
.500
.600
.700
.800
.900
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.20

2.00

Position (m)