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4
SSES

SCIENCE

Module 3
Musculoskeletal
System
Quarter 1, Week 3

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SSES SCIENCE – Grade 4
Quarter 1 - Module 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall

subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines, however prior
approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment for royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e. songs, stories, poems, pictures,
photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are
owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director : GILBERT T. SADSAD

Assistant Regional Director : JESSIE L. AMIN

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

Writer : ABEGAIL R. ABEJERO

Editor : JEMNAH A. MACABE

Reviewers : CHOZARA P. DUROY

MANUEL F. TEODORO

Language Editors: REMY JOYCE A. VIÑAS

BERNADINE A. DECHAVEZ

Lay-out Artists : DAVID C. STA. ANA

ABEGAIL R. ABEJERO

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 INTRODUCTION

The skeletal and muscular systems are very closely linked and are
often referred to as the musculoskeletal system. All sporting techniques,
from the powerful executions needed in a game of basketball to the
smooth elegance displayed by a gymnast on the beam, require the
skeletal and muscular systems of our bodies to work together effectively
and efficiently.

Our skeleton provides the framework that allows movement to take

place and our skeletal muscles provide the energy to pull our bones and
joints into the correct positions needed for different types of physical
activity

In this module we will look at the structures and functions of both of

these body systems, which will help us understand how they work
together.

SSES CURRICULUM
LEARNING COMPETENCY

Explain how the skeletal and muscular systems work together

YOUR LEARNING TARGETS

Hi there! I’m Teacher Abby and I

will be with you all throughout this self-
directed module. At the end of this
module you should be able to:

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 ➢ Describe how some muscles are attached to some bones
➢ Explain how the connection of muscles and bones enable us
to move
➢ Create a model showing how bones and muscles give form
and shape and enable us to move

YOUR PRETEST

Instruction: Read the following questions and answer them carefully.

1. This is a soft tissue in which its function is to produce movements.

a. stomach
b. heart
c. muscle
2. Which of the following is NOT the reason why we move?
a. Muscles always pull against the opposite bone.
b. The opposite end of the muscle is attached to an adjacent
bone.
c. Muscles in the stomach are contracted.
3. What is the smooth substance at the end of a bone?
a. Cartilage
b. Tendon
c. Ligament
4. How are muscles attached to the bones?
a. Muscles are attached by a cord-like tendons to bones.
b. Muscles are attached by a ligament to bones.
c. Muscles are attached by a cartilage connected to bones.

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 5. What does our bones do to our body?
a. Bones contract and expand.
b. Bones protect our organs.
c. Bones pull the joints allowing us to move.

GOOD JOB!
Please check your answers at the
answer key section. If you got a perfect
score of 5, it will be easy for you to go over
this module but if you got 8 or lower, I
suggest that you take this learning module
seriously. Good luck!

YOUR LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Some fun activities are waiting for you.

Dive in and be fully equipped for you to
understand our topic. Don’t forget to read the
instructions first. Good luck!

A. ENGAGE
What is your favorite sport? Does it involve an extreme and
powerful movement of your body? Take a look at the picture below.
This kind of sport involves a lot of
work that requires a great deal of the
movement of your bones and muscles.
Bones and muscles work together
allowing us to move. They even help us do
little things such as chewing your favorite gum.

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 Now kids an exciting lesson without a fun activity would be
boring, wouldn’t it? Let’s have an activity first before we proceed.

BREAK A LEG!
DIRECTION: Draw a bone if the picture shows the skeletal
and muscular system working together and if not.

_________________ _________________ _________________

_________________ _________________

B. EXPLORE
Activity 1: NAME ME
DIRECTION: Fill in the missing spaces to describe how
muscles and bones are connected to each other. Choose the
correct answer from the box below.

joints move skeleton

pairs movement

BONES AND MUSCLES

Our skeletons are very useful. They have three functions, for
1.________________ and protection. The skull protects our brain,
the ribs protect our heart and lungs. Without our 2.____________
our bodies would collapse.

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 Our bones are connected by 3.____________. Our knees are joints.
Muscles are attached to the bones of our skeleton. Muscles allow
our bones to 4.___________ by contracting and expanding.
Muscles usually work in 5._____________.
Cartilage protects the bones and allows them to move easily.

ACTIVITY 2: Do Me!
What to do: Do the poses done by the muscle men in the
pictures. And answer the following questions.

Questions:

1. Were you able to copy the muscle men poses?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

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2. What happened to your muscles when you did the poses?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3. What made your arms move the way you want?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4. How do you think our muscles are connected to our bones?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5. Explain how the connections of our muscles and bones

enable us to move.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

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C. EXPLAIN
1. What are muscles? What are bones?
________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

2. How do muscles cause body movements?

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

3. What is the function of the bones?

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

4. Do you think the body can move if the muscles and the
bones do not coordinate with each other?
________________________________________________

________________________________________________

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 ________________________________________________

________________________________________________

5. How are muscles attached to the bones?

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

D.ELABORATE
BONES, MUSCLES AND JOINTS

a) Muscles always pull, they never push

1. Muscles are the motors that move body parts

a. Muscles always pull, they never push

b. Pairs of skeletal muscles work together:

1 muscle contracts while the other muscle relaxes

MUSCLE is an organ that can relax and contract, which

moves your body.
There are two types:
Voluntary muscles: muscles you can
control (ex. bicep)
Involuntary muscles: muscles you cannot
control (ex. heart)

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THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE
1. Skeletal muscle: moves bones
a. Voluntary
b. Tendons connect muscle to bone
c. Contract quickly and tire more easily
d. Look striped or striated
e. Bicep, quadriceps, pectoral
f. You move because pairs of muscles work together
i. One end of the muscle attaches at the end of a bone by a
tendon
ii. The opposite end of the muscle attaches to an adjacent bone
iii. Muscles always pull against the opposite bone

2. Smooth Muscles: responsible for regulating

blood pressure, digestion, and other internal
functions
a. Involuntary
b. Muscles in the stomach, bladder, blood vessels

3. Cardiac Muscle: Found only in the heart

a. Involuntary
b. Can beat independently of input from the brain
c. Striated (striped)

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Bone is a type of connective tissue that makes up the endoskeleton of
vertebrates.
COMPOSED OF FOUR TYPES OF CELLS:
Osteoclasts: destroy bone
Osteoblasts: build bone
Osteocytes: hold bone together Lining cells: protection of bone

JOINT - any place where two or more bones come together

CARTILAGE - rubbery tissue that cushions bones; located at joints
LIGAMENT - attaches bone to bone

TYPES OF JOINTS
1. Fixed joint
Allows little movement: Ex. joints of the bones in your skull

2. Pivot Joint
One bone rotates around another bone: Ex. turning your head;
rotating your wrist

3. Ball-and-socket joint
The ball end of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone.
Ex: Shoulder or hip joint

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4. Hinge joint

Back and forth

Ex: knee or elbow joint

5. Sliding joint
One part of a bone slides over another bone.
Ex: Bones of wrist or ankle

KEY CONCEPTS
• Bones provide support for our bodies and help form our shape.
They are strong enough to support our entire weight.
• Muscle is an organ that can relax and contract that moves your
body. There are two types of muscles: Voluntary muscles are
muscles you can control; Involuntary muscles are muscles you
cannot control.
• Muscles are the motors that move body parts.
• Humans and animals move because pair of muscles work
together.
• Muscles always pull against the opposite bone
• Our bones and body help us do such things as chewing foods
and then moving it through the digestive system.

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 TRY THIS OUT!

I. Write five examples of activities to show that the skeletal and

muscular systems work together
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

E. EVALUATE

Heads up! Let’s assess what you have

learned.

Answer the following questions. Write the letter of the correct

answer on the line before the number.
____________ 1. What does our muscles pull that allow us to
move?
a. cell
b. joints
c. ligaments
____________ 2. Which of the following is NOT a function of the
bones.
a. Bones protect the organs of our body.
b. Support our bodies and help form our shape.
c. Move body parts by contracting and relaxing.

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____________ 3. How are muscles connected to our bones?
a. Our muscles are connected to our bones
through the cells.
b. Because of tendons our muscles are
connected to our bones.
c. Muscles are connected because of the
ligament.

____________ 4. This is the place where two or more bones

come together.
a. Joint
b. Cartilage
c. Ligament

____________ 5. What type of muscle is found in the heart?

a. Smooth muscle
b. Cardiac muscle
c. Skeletal muscle

FUN FACTS

➢ Laughing and coughing creates more pressure on the spine

than walking or standing
➢ An average of 17 muscles contracts for a smile
➢ The muscles that control your eye movements are the busiest
in your body, making as many as 10,000 movements in an
hour!

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 YOUR VOCABULARY LIST

TENDONS – are flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen

tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
LIGAMENT – a fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to
other bones.
CARTILAGE – a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the
ends of long bones at the joints.
OSTEOCLAST – a large multinucleate bone cell which absorbs
bone tissue during growth and healing.
OSTEOBLAST – a cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation.
OSTEOCYTE - a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes
embedded in the matrix it has secreted.

YOUR POSTTEST

I. TRUE OR FALSE
Write true if the statement is correct and false if not.
_____________ 1. Muscles are the motors that move body parts.
_____________ 2. Muscles always pull, they never push.
_____________ 3. Involuntary muscles are muscles you can
control.
_____________ 4. Voluntary muscles are muscles you cannot
control.
_____________ 5. Bicep is a voluntary muscle.
_____________ 6. You can move because pairs of muscles work
together.

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 _____________ 7. Smooth muscles are responsible for regulating
blood pressure.
_____________ 8. Cardiac muscle is found only in the digestive.
_____________ 9. Ligaments hold bones together.
____________ 10. Joints are structure in the human body where
two or more bones come together.

II. Enumerated below are various bodily functions and activities.

Using your own body, observe and name the type of muscle or
muscles involved in each function/activity. The muscles can
either be voluntarily or involuntarily or both.
Bodily Function/Activity Type of Muscle
1. Jumping,
2. running, jogging
3. Winking of the eye
4. Breathing
5. Speaking

III. Identify the kind of muscle (Smooth Muscle, Skeletal Muscle,

Cardiac Muscle) in each of the following.
_____ 1. leg muscles
_____ 2. heart muscles
_____ 3. small intestine
_____ 4. blood vessel
_____ 5. arm muscle

YOUR ASSIGNMENT

WE ALL NEED SOMETHING, TO PULL ON…

Instruction: Identify various types of joints and to build a muscle
and analyze muscle action.

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Here’s what you will need to create this Scienstructable:

Muscle Scienstructable template

Joint analogy sheet
Scissors
Single hole punch
Glue stick
Clear Tape Two 12” long pieces of red or pink yarn
Metal brad

What You Will Do:

1. Cut out your Scienstructable Hand, Radius and Ulna, and

Humerus. Be sure to cut along the solid black lines.
2. Fold each piece on the dotted lines provided.
3. Using the hole punch, punch a hole wherever there is a black
dot on the Scienstructable.
4. Using a glue stick, place glue where indicated on the hand
bones. Attach the hand to the inside of the
radius and ulna piece, so that when folded, the
bones are on the outside of the paper. The
hand should look like it is attached to the radius
and ulna.
5. Attach the end of one piece of yarn to the “X” on the Radius,
with the yard leading away from the hand.
6. Attach the end of the other piece of yarn to the “X” on the Ulna,
with the yarn leading away from the hand.
7. With the radius and ulna folded, line up the holes at the end with
the hole at the end of the humerus bone.
8. Lay the yarn pieces inside the humerus so that they emerge from
the other end of the humerus.

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9. Take the RADIUS yarn and thread it UP through the bottom
BICEP muscle and DOWN through the top BICEP muscle. It
should emerge from inside the humerus piece.
10. Take the ULNA yarn and thread it UP through the bottom
TRICEP muscle and DOWN through the top TRICEP muscle. It
should emerge from inside the humerus piece.
11. Now, fold the humerus so that it is closed and attach the
humerus to the radius and ulna with the metal brad through the
aligned holes.

12. Holding on to the humerus, pull the bicep yarn to watch the
bicep muscle flex and move the arm up. Then, pull the tricep
yarn through the top of your humerus to see the tricep muscle
flex and pull the arm down!

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 YOUR ANSWER KEY

PRETEST
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. B

B. Explore
Activity 1
1. movement
2. skeleton
3. joints
4. move
5. pairs

Activity 2
1. Yes/No
2. My muscles move by contracting and expanding.
3. My arms move the way I want because of my bones that supports my
muscles as it pulls my bones.
4. Our muscles are connected to our bones because of the cord-like tendon.
5. Bones and muscles enable us to move by certain factors that work together.
Like bones support the muscles as it pulls the bones making us move. There
is also the joint that makes us move whatever we want.
C. EXPLAIN
1. Muscle is a body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when
stimulated and produced motion. Bones are one of the hard parts of the
skeleton of a vertebrate.
2. Muscles cause body movements by pulling the bones or the joints that
contracts and by that checks the movement of the body.

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 3. Bones support our body as well as protect the internal organs. It gives form
and shape to our body.
4. No, our bodies won’t be able to move if our muscles and bones do not
coordinate with each other. They need to work together to make movements.
5. Muscles are attached to bones by help of the tissues, cells, joints, tendons,
cartilage and ligaments that work together to enable us to move.

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. Running
2. Cycling a bike
3. Exercising
4. Swimming
5. Playing basketball
E. Evaluate
1. b
2. c
3, b
4. a
5. b
POST TEST
I.
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. FALSE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE

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II.
1. Voluntary
2. Voluntary
3. Involuntary
4. Involuntary
5. Voluntary

III.
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Cardiac muscle
3. Smooth muscle
4. Smooth muscle
5. Skeletal muscle

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 REFERENCES

http://www.flippedoutscience.com/uploads/2/7/8/2/27824091/skeletal_and_muscular_system
s.pdf

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