Science 6: Let'S Work Together!
Science 6: Let'S Work Together!
Science 6: Let'S Work Together!
Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila
SCIENCE 6
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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun in learning!
Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
You may opt to write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons if
you learn better that way.
Be sure to perform all the provided activities in the module.
Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card
Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
Enjoy studying!
Expectations – These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module
Pre-test – This will measure your prior knowledge and concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson
Looking Back – This section will measure your learnings and skills you
understood from the previous lesson
Brief Introduction – This section will give you an overview of the lesson
Activities – This is a set of activities you will perform to further your learnings.
Remember – This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lesson
Check your Understanding – It will verify how you learned from the lesson
Post-test – This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module
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EXPECTATIONS
PRE - TEST
Direction: Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. To make breathing possible, the respiratory system works
with____________.
A. Digestive System B. Nervous System
C. Circulatory System D. Integumentary System
2. Which of the following is NOT a healthful habit for the body systems?
A. Eat foods rich in protein B. Have enough sleep
C. Eat plenty of chocolates D. Drink plenty of water
3. It acts as a shock absorber to reduce friction.
A. Tendons B. Cartilage
C. Ligaments D. Joint
4. It is the one that pumps blood into the lungs.
A. Heart B. Brain
C. Skin D. Lungs
5. In the nervous system, the ___________ are embedded in the skin to sense
the outside world.
A. Spinal cord B. Neurons
C. Blood D. Blood vessels
6. In cellular respiration; digestive, respiratory and ____________ body systems
are involved.
A. Circulatory B. Integumentary
C. Musculo-skeletal D. Lymphatic
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A. Integumentary System B. Nervous System
C. Digestive System D. Circulatory System
8. It transports digested nutrients into the blood stream.
A. Capillary B. Dermis
C. Alveoli D. Villi
9. The delicate balance of the body is also known as __________________.
A. Homeostasis B. Homogenous
C. Alveoli D. Heterogenous
10. When you retract your arms back when you try to touch a candlelight is
caused by the interaction of two body systems.
A. Nervous and Integumentary B. Circulatory and Respiratory
C. Musculo-skeletal and Integumentary D. Digestive and Nervous
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INTRODUCTION
LESSON 1
MUSCULO-SKELETAL AND INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMS
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Let’s review the following terms:
Tendons - These attach muscle to bone.
Ligaments - These attach bone to bone.
Cartilage - acts as a shock absorber to
reduce friction in a joint
Skeletal muscles, the type of muscles that are connected to bones and
are responsible for movement, produce movement by contracting. This is
possible, of course, through the signals sent by the brain to the corresponding
muscle. These muscles can only pull in one direction so they usually work in
opposing pairs. The movement of the muscles causes movement of bones (and
other bones connected by ligaments) through the tendons.
That, kids, is how the muscular system and skeletal system work together.
Now, the integumentary system’s main function in this context is for the protection
of the musculoskeletal system. It is the first line of protection for the body against
harmful substances.
Aside from protection, the skin also has other interactions with the
musculoskeletal system. Sweat glands in skin expel sweat due to muscle contraction.
Skin makes and absorbs Vitamin D (from the sun) necessary for calcium absorption
in bones to maintain its hardness.
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2. Have a timer and some water to drink after you perform the exercise. .
3. After you finish the exercise, rest for two minutes before answering the
questions on a sheet of paper.
Critical Thinking Questions:
1. What body systems are involved in doing the exercise?
2. What did you feel after performing the exercise?
3. Why did you produce some sweat?
4. Based on what you have learned on the interaction of the Musculo-skeletal
and integumentary systems, were the movements you performed in the
exercise easy? Why?
5. Aside from exercising, name other movements you can do with your body
(including your extremities).
LESSON 2
DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
The blood vessels are the most vital parts needed for the
process of breathing. There are three types of blood vessels,
which are discussed above. The blood vessels also have a role
in the interaction of the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory
systems.
The reason why the heart is in between the lungs is that the heart is the one
pumping blood (both oxygenated and deoxygenated) into the lungs. From, the lungs,
the exchange of gases occur bringing back the blood into the heart. The process just
repeats as long as we are breathing.
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The Process of Breathing
featuring the Respiratory and Circulatory System
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Notice how in step 4 nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The
capillaries in the villi of the small intestine are the ones responsible for this. The
nutrients that were broken down are delivered into the bloodstream and eventually
brought to all parts of the body by the circulatory system.
Did you know that there is a certain body process where the three systems
mentioned are working together? Cellular respiration, the process of
converting food into energy that the cells of the body can use, needs the help
of your three body systems. Let’s see how it works.
Most tasks in the body need the support of two or more organ
systems working together. Take cellular respiration, for instance. This task
requires oxygen and food. The respiratory system brings oxygen into the
lungs when you breathe. The digestive system breaks food down into nutrients
such as glucose.
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Lesson 3
Nervous and Integumentary Systems
The nervous system depends on neurons embedded in your skin to sense the
outside world. It processes input from your senses, including touch, and initiates
actions based on those inputs. The integumentary system contains sensory neurons
that, when stimulated, send messages to the central nervous system. Sensations such
as touch, warmth, cold, and pain are important examples because it allows us to
change our behavior in response to these stimuli. For example, when the body
becomes too hot, the hypothalamus in the brain detects this and stimulates the sweat
glands in the skin. By sweating and evaporative cooling effect cooled down the body.
The above chart shows the different sensory receptors found in the skin and
what certain feeling they receive. Their relative location and form is shown in the
figure
The integumentary system reduces water loss, contains receptors that
respond to touch, regulates body temperature, and protects the inside of the body
from damage. Receptors in skin send sensory information to the brain. The
autonomic nervous system regulates peripheral blood flow and sweat glands.
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Let’s try to test how well you
understood the interaction of your
Nervous and Integumentary
Systems.
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Lesson 4
Nervous System: Control Center
Nervous System: Control Centerrol
Before I show you a table that I prepared for you, let us first try to recall how the
nervous system functions.
1. Gathers information from both inside and outside the body - Sensory Function
2. Transmits information to the processing areas of the brain and spine
3. Processes the information in the brain and spine – Integration Function
4. Sends information to the muscles, glands, and organs so they can respond
appropriately – Motor Function
The nervous system controls and coordinates all essential functions of the body
including all other body systems allowing the body to maintain homeostasis or its
delicate balance.
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INTERACTION WITH
SYSTEM FUNCTION
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Bones provide calcium that
is essential for the proper
functioning of the nervous
system.
The skeletal system • The skull protects the
makes up the brain from injury.
• The vertebrae protect the
framework of the body spinal cord from injury.
Skeletal System
and allows us to move • Sensory receptors in joints
when our muscles between bones send
contract. signals about body position
to the brain.
• The brain regulates the
position of bones by
controlling muscles.
• Receptors in muscles
Different types of provide the brain with
muscles enable information about body
motion, generate heat position and movement.
• The brain controls the
to maintain body
Muscular System contraction of skeletal
temperature, move muscle.
food through digestive • The nervous system
tract and contract the regulates the speed at
heart. which food moves through
the digestive tract.
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INTERACTION WITH
SYSTEM FUNCTION
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Endothelial cells maintain
The cardiovascular the blood-brain barrier.
system delivers • Baroreceptors send
oxygen, hormones, information to the brain
Cardiovascular nutrients and white about blood pressure.
System blood cells around the • Cerebrospinal fluid drains
body by pumping into the venous blood
supply.
blood, and it removes
• The brain regulates heart
waste products. rate and blood pressure.
• Digestive processes
provide the building blocks
for some
neurotransmitters.
The digestive system • The autonomic nervous
stores and digests system controls the tone
foods, transfers of the digestive tract.
Digestive System • The brain controls drinking
nutrients to the body,
eliminates waste and and feeding behavior.
• The brain controls muscles
absorbs water.
for eating and elimination.
• The digestive system
sends sensory information
to the brain.
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INTERACTION WITH
SYSTEM FUNCTION
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
The endocrine system • Hormones provide
secretes hormones into feedback to the brain to
blood and other body affect neural processing.
fluids. These chemicals • Reproductive hormones
Endocrine
are important for affect the development of
System the nervous system.
metabolism, growth,
water and mineral • The hypothalamus controls
the pituitary gland and
balance, and the
other endocrine glands.
response to stress.
The lymphatic system • The brain can stimulate
Lymphatic
protects the body from defense mechanisms
System against infection.
infection.
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Let’s try to test how well you
understood how the Nervous System
controls all the organ systems of the
body,
Objectives: Describe how the Nervous System controls all the organ systems of
the body
Materials: timer, meter stick, chair
Procedure:
1. Get a partner to work with you.
2. Sit on chair with one arm in a “handshake” position.
3. Let your partner stand facing you holding the meter stick vertically, with 0 at
the bottom.
4. Your partner will drop the meter stick. You have to catch the meter stick
between your thumb and fingers.
5. Look at the centimeter on the meter stick where you have grasped or held it.
This is the distance representing your reaction time. Record it.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 three times. Record your data. Calculate the average
distance.
7. Repeat steps 1-6 using your other hand.
8. Exchange places with your partner and do the same procedure.
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Lesson 5
Healthful Habits for your Body
Nervous System: Control Centerrol
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Let’s try to test how well you
understood the healthful habits
that we can do with our body.
Objectives: 1. Discuss healthful habits that promote proper functioning of all the
organ systems in the body
2. Make a chart showing healthful habits that promote proper
functioning of all the organs in the body.
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REMEMBER
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CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Direction: Study the pictures. Identify the body systems that are involved in
performing the activities. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1.
___ _______________________________
________ _______________________________
______________ ________________________________
2. ______________________________
________ ______________________________
____________ ______________________________
3.
_________ _____________________________
____ ______________________________
________ ______________________________
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POST TEST
Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer.
1. It is the process of converting food into energy that the cells of the body can use
A. Cellular Respiration B. Anaerobic Respiration
C. Perspiration D. Digestion
3. All of the following body systems are involved in cellular respiration except _____.
A. Circulatory System B. Digestive System
C. Respiratory System D. Reproductive System
4. It is the function of the brain where it sends information to the muscles, glands,
and organs so they can respond appropriately.
A. Motor B. Sensory
C. Receptive D. Continuous
7. The sensory ends in the skin receive stimuli and send impulses through sensory
neuron to the _________.
A. Peripheral Nervous System B. Central Nervous System
C. Somatic Nervous System D. Autonomic Nervous System
9. All of the following are ways on how we take good care of our body systems
healthy except for one, which is it?
A. Eat fruits and vegetables. B. Have a regular exercise.
C. Eat fatty foods D. Drink plenty of water.
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REFELECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Direction: Write a reflective learning on how the different body systems work together
by answering the questions inside the box. Express your answers critically and
creatively. You can ask for your family’s assistance in answering this activity.
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ANSWER SHEET
Activity 2 Activity 3
1. _______________________________ 1. _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
2. _______________________________ 2. _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
3. _______________________________ 3. _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
4. _______________________________ 4. _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
5. _______________________________
_______________________________
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Activity 4 Activity 5
1. _______________________________ 1. _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
2. _______________________________ 2. _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
3. _______________________________ 3. _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
4. _______________________________ 4. _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
5. _______________________________ 5. _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
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REFERENCES
Electronic
References •
Google Images
• https://www.graftonps.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinst
anceid=2939&dataid=2614&FileName=9%20Skeletal%20Muscular%20
and%20Integumentary%20Systems.pdf
• https://prezi.com/tdiqwyoktgaw/the-interaction-of-the-integumentary-muscular-
and-skeletal/
• https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/12254-musculoskeletal-system-
normal-structure--function
• https://tools.mheducation.ca/web_resources/sch/SL10_sample_unit1_t
opic1_4.pdf
• https://socratic.org/questions/how-do-the-nervous-and-the-integumentary-
systems-work-together
• https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/functions-of-the-
integumentary-system/
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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ANSWER KEY
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