(Week 1) Introduction To Maritime Career

INTRODUCTION TO
MARITIME CAREER
INTRODUCTION TO
MARITIME CAREER
Subject Description:
This maritime course focuses on competencies that a student ought to possess toward a
career in the maritime industry.
The course is designed to enhance the knowledge, skills, positive attitude, and work
values in accordance with workplace standards.
The competencies are:
1. an appreciation of a career in shipping,
2. an understanding of international maritime standards and national maritime
legislations,
3. identification of the different types of ships,
4. the ability to explain the ship’s classification, dimensions, and
terminologies for general direction,
5. the ability to explain the ship’s organization and watchkeeping duties and
responsibilities,
6. the ability to explain the ship’s trading services and charter party agreement.
VALIDATED BY: CAPT. ARMANDO A. TERNIDA M/M, MMET / DATE: AUGUST 15, 2017
Explain the
Ship’s
Nomenclatur
e,
Dimensions,
and
Terminologie
s for General
Directions
(ESDT) (24
Hrs.)
SHIP’S NOMENCLATURE (MULTI-PURPOSE VESSEL)
SHIP’S NOMENCLATURE ( PASSENGER VESSEL)
SHIP’S NOMENCLATURE (CHEMECAL TANKER)
SHIP’S NOMENLATURE ( CONTAINER VESSEL)
SHIP’S NOMENCLATURE ( LNG TANKER )
SHIP’S NOMENCLATURE (OFFSHORE SUPPORT VESSEL)
SHIP’S NOMENCLATURE (OFFSHORE SUPPORT VESSELS)
SHIP’S NOMENCLATURE ( FISHING VESSEL )
SHIPS
CONSTRUCTION
A. SHIP’S NOMENCLATURE
HULL: The body of the ship,
including shell plating,
framing, decks, bulkheads.
Hull is known as the foundation of
the ship. It withstands extremely
harsh climatic and weather
conditions.
Hull should be designed in such a
way that it is not affected by the
different forces that acts on it while
the ship is sailing. In this article we
will have a look at different hull
designs.
Keel, in shipbuilding, the
main structural member
and backbone of a ship,
running longitudinally
along the centre of the
bottom of the hull from
stem to stern
BOW: The forward end
of the vessel
• Ships with fuller forms have high
wave breaking resistance, and this
element which eats away your
propulsive efficiency, can be greatly
reduced by using a Bulbous Bow
with a sharply downward tapering
water-plane.
• These Bows also allow a better
recovery of energy by the propeller
as energy losses due to vortices at
the fore end are minimized.
STERN: The
after or the
back end of
the vessel
DECK: A part of a ship
corresponding to the
floor of a building
ACCOMMODATION: A
room, group of rooms,
or building in which
someone may live or
stay.
ACCOMMODATION
LADDER
GANGWAY-
• The equipment that is used to help a
person get into (embark) and get out
(disembark) of a ship or a boat is
known as a gangway.
• Technically, the gangway is like
a ramp which is smooth and sloping.
• In ships, gangways are mainly used by
passengers or crew to enter or exit the
ship and are sometimes also used for
loading and unloading cargo.
BRIDGE,
NAVIGATING:
A deck from which
the ship is navigated.
COFFERDAM:
A narrow vacant
space between
two bulkheads. A
double watertight
bulkhead.
A ship's
hold
or cargo
hold is a
space for
carrying
cargo.
• The engine room of a motor
vessel typically contains
several engines for different
purposes.
• Main, or propulsion engines
are used to turn the ship's
propeller and move the ship
through the water.
• They typically burn diesel oil
or heavy fuel oil, and may be
able to switch between the
two.
The steering gear
room of the ship. This
room contained the
mechanisms that
control the steering
equipment for the ship,
including steering
cables and hydraulic
rams. This room also
served as an
emergency steering
station.
PROPELLER:
A rotating device which drives
a ship through the water.
BOW
Fairleads, Chocks,
Bitts, Bollards And
Dolphins
Fairleads: are welded directly
on to the ship’s hull structure.
Fairleads have a roller
attached to them to guide
mooring wires to winches for
the correct lead. Pedestal
Fairleads are commonly found
on modern day ships to guide
a mooring lines lead between
the chock and the winch.
Universal Fairleads were
widely used ships earlier in lieu
of chocks.
Chocks: are structural
reinforcements on ships
which guide the mooring
lines to and from the shore
/ other vessels.
Chocks need to be of a
much higher SWL than the
mooring line to avoid
structural damage and
withstand various forces
when a vessel is moored.
Bollards: are generally referred
to short posts on the quay / jetty
used to secure Ship’s Mooring
Lines.
A single bitt on ships may also
be referred to as a bollard
around which the eye of the
rope is attached.
Oil Tankers have special bollards
in the manifold areas called
cruciform bollards which are
used for securing / supporting
flexible hoses for cargo
operations.
STERN
B. SHIP’S DIMENSION
B. SHIP’S PRINCIPAL DIMENSION
Measurement Treaty
• All aspects concerning the
measurements of seagoing vessels are
arranged in the certificate of registry
act of 1982.
• Part of the certificate of registry act
is the International treaty on the
measurement of ships, as set up by
the IMO conference in 1969.
• The treaty applies to seagoing
vessels with a minimum length of 24
meters and came into force in July
1994.
1. Perpendicular
Line perpendicular to another line or
plane (for instance the water line).
On a ship there are:
• Fore Perpendicular (FPP, or FP) This
line crosses the intersection of the
water line and the front of the stem.
• Aft Perpendicular (APP, or AP): This
line usually aligns with thecenterline
of the rudder stock (the imaginary
line around which the rudder
rotates).
2. Load Line
The water line of a ship lying in the
water. There are different load lines
for different situations, such as:
• Light water line : The water line
of a ship carrying only her regular
inventory.
• Deep water line : The water line
of maximum load draught in
seawater.
3. Water line
The load line at the summer mark as
calculated in the design of the ship
by the ship builder.
• Construction water line (CWL) :
The water line used to determine
the dimensions of the various
components from which the vessel
is constructed.
4. Deck line:
Extended line from the topside of the
fixed deck covering at the ship's side.
5. Moulded dimensions:
Distance between two points,
measured on inside plating (or
outside framing).
6. Base Line:
Top of the keel.
4. Deck line:
Extended line from the topside of the
fixed deck covering at the ship's side.
5. Moulded dimensions:
Distance between two points,
measured on inside plating (or
outside framing).
6. Base Line:
Top of the keel.
7. Plimsoll Mark:
The Plimsoll mark or Freeboard
mark is a symbol indicating the
maximum immersion of the ship in
the water, leaving a minimum
freeboard for safety.
• The mark consist consist of a circle
with a diameter of 300 mm.,
through which a horizontal line is
drawn with its upper edge going
through the centre of the circle.
• This level indicates the
minimum freeboard in salt
water summer conditions.
• Beside the circle is a
number of horizontal lines
indicating the minimum
freeboard as above.
• Summer freeboard: S.
Other conditions:
• Tropical: T, Winter: W, Fresh
(water):
• F, Tropical Fresh: TF, and
for small ships, less than
100m: Winter North
Atlantic: WNA.
8. Breadth (B):
The greatest moulded breadth,
measured from side to side outside
the frames, but inside the shell
plating.
9. Breadth over all:
The maximum breadth of the ship as
measured from the outer hull on
starboard to the outer hull on port side.
10. Trim”
The difference between the draught at
the stem and the draught at the stern.
• Down and trimmed by the
head:
If the draft is larger at the stem,
than at the stern.
• Down and trimmed by the
stern:
If the draft is larger at the stern,
than at the stem.
• On an even keel, in proper
trim:
The draft of the stern equals the
draft of the stem.
11. Sheer:
This is the upward rise of a ship's
deck from amidships towards the
bow and stern. The sheer gives the
vessel extra reserve buoyancy at the
stem and the stern.
12. Camber:
Gives the athwart-ships curvature
of the weather deck. The curvature
helps ensure sufficient drainage.
13. Rise of floor:
Unique to some types of vessels like
tugboats and fishing boats. This is the
upward rise of the lower edges of the
floors from the keel towards the
bilges.
14. Tumblehome: The inward
curvature of the side shell above the
summer load line.
15. Flare: The outward curvature of
the side shell above the waterline. It
promotes dryness and is therefore
associated with the fore end of ship.
SHIP’S PRINCIPAL DIMENSION
16. Length over all (Loa) :The

horizontal distance from stem to
stern.
17. Length between the fore and
aft perpendicular (Lpp): Distance
between the Fore and the Aft
Perpendicular
18. Length of the water line:
Horizontal distance between the
moulded sides of stem and stern
when the ship is on her summer
mark.
19. Breath over all: The
maximum breadth of the ship
as measured from the outer hull
on starboard to the outer hull
on port side.
20. Depth: The vertical
distance between the base line
and the upper continuous
deck. The depth is measured at
half Lpp at the side of the ship.
21. Draught:
• Draught at the stem (Tfwd):
Vertical distance between the
water line and the underside
of the keel, as measured on
the fore perpendicular.
• Draught at the stern (Ta): The
vertical distance between the
water line and the underside of
the keel as measured from the aft
perpendicular.
• Air draught: The vertical distance
between the water line and the
highest point of the ship.
• The air draught is measured from
the summer mark. If the ship has
less draught one can ballast until
it reaches the summer draught
and so obtain its minimum air
draught.
22. Bilge radius:
The radius of the curvature of the
bilge.
23. Proportions:
The ratios of some of the dimensions discussed above can be
used to obtain information on resistance, stability and
manoeuvrability of the ship.
Some widely used relations are:
• L/B
The ratio of length and breadth can differ quite dramatically depending on
the type of vessel. Common values:
Passenger ships : 6-8
Freighters : 5-7
Tug boats : 3-5
• L/D
The length/depth-ratio. The customary values for L/D varies
between 10 and 15. This relation plays a role in the determination of
the freeboard and the longitudinal strength.
• B/T (T =Draught)
The breadth/draught-ratio, varies between 2.3 and 4.5. A larger
breadth in relation to the draught (a larger B/T-value) gives a
greater initial stability.
• B/D
The breadth I depth-ratio; varies between 1.3 and 2. If this value
becomes larger, it will have an unfavourable effect on the stability
(because the deck will be flooded when the vessel has an
inclination) and on the strength.
24. Register ton:
To determine the volume of a space the register ton is used.
One register ton equals 100 eft, or 2.83 m3.
25. Gross Tonnage :
• The gross tonnage is calculated using a formula that takes
into account the ship's volume in cubic metre below the
main deck and the enclosed spaces above the main deck.
• This volume is then multiplied by a constant, which results in
a dimensionless number (this means no values of T or m3
should be placed after the number). All distances used in
the calculation are moulded dimensions.
26. Net Tonnage:
• The Net Tonnage is also a dimensionless number that
describes the volume of the cargo space.
• The NT can be calculated from the GT by subtracting the
volume of space occupied by:
-crew
- navigation equipment
- propulsion equipment
- workshops
• The NT may not be less than 30% of the GT.
27. Displacement (in m3)
• The displacement equals the volume of the part of
the ship below the water line including the shell
plating, propeller and rudder.
28. Underwater body (in m3)
• The underwater body of a ship equals the
displacement minus the contribution of the shell,
propeller and rudder.
• Or: the calculated volume of the part of the hull
which is submerged in the water, on the outside of the
frames without extensions.
29. Displacement (in t)
• The displacement is the weight of the volume of water
displaced by the ship. One could also say: the displacement
equals the total mass of the ship.
• Displacement (t) = water displacement (m3) x density of
water (t/m3)
30.Light displacement (in t)
• This is the weight of the hull including the regular inventory.
The regular inventory includes: anchors, life-saving
appliances, lubricating oil, paint, etc.
31. Dead weight (in t)
• This is the weight a ship can load until the maximum
allowable submersion is reached. This is a constant, which is
unique for every ship.
• Dead weight (t) =maximum weight (t)- light displacement (t)
• Dead weight (t) =maximum weight (t)- actual weight (t)
31. Cargo, carrying or dead weight capacity (in t)
• This is the total weight of cargo a ship can carry. The cargo capacity (in t)
is not a fixed number, it depends on the ship's maximum allowable
submersion, which will include the capacity (in t) of fuel, provisions and
drinking water.
• For a long voyage there has to be room for extra fuel, which reduces the
cargo capacity.
• If, on the other hand, the ship refuels (bunkers) halfway, the cargo
capacity is larger upon departure.
• The choices for the amount of fuel on board and the location for refuelling
depend on many factors, but in the end the master has final responsibility
for the choices made.
• Cargo capacity (t) = dead weight (t) - ballast, fuel, provisions (t).
Ship's terminologies for general direction
C. Ship's terminologies for general direction
In some respect, a ship is like a building. It has an outer
wall called HULL, floors called DECKS, inner walls
called BULKHEADS, corridors called PASSAGEWAYS,
ceilings called OVERHEAD, and stairs called LADDERS.
When you go up from the dock, you use
ACCOMMODATION LADDER or GANGFLANK to go
ONBOARD
• The forward part of the ship is the BOW; to go in that direction
is to go FORWARD;
• the after part is the STERN; to go in that direction is to go AFT.
• The top, open deck of a ship is the MAINDECK; anything below
that is called BELOW DECKS and anything above it is the
SUPERSTRUCTURE.
• The forward part of the main deck is the FORECASTLE
(pronounced foc’sle),
• the after part is the FANTAIL.
• As you face forward on a ship, the right side is the STARBOARD
and the left side is PORT SIDE. A comfort room is known as
HEAD.
Denote: Direction and Locations:
1. ABAFT – Behind or further aft, astern or toward the astern.
2.ABEAM- At right angle to the centerline of and outside a ship.
3.AMIDSHIP- In the middle portion of the ship.
4.AFT- In, near or toward the astern.
5.ASTERN- Toward the stern, an object or vessel that is abaft another vessel or object.
6.ALONGSIDE- Beside a pier or berth.
7. BOW- Forward part of a ship.
8. BRIDGE- Raised platform which a ship is steered or navigated.
9.BROADSIDE TO- At right angle to the fore and aft line of the ship.
10.CENTERLINE- Imaginary line running from ship’s bow to astern
11. DEAD AHEAD- Directly ahead of the ship’s bow in the line of thecenterline.
12. DEAD ASTERN- Directly aft of a ship’s stern in line of the centerline
13. DRAFT- Depth of the water from the surface waterline to the ship’s keel.
14. FREEBOARD- Height of ship’s side from the waterline to the main deck.
15. LEEWARD- Direction away from the wind.
16. WINDWARD- Direction toward the wind.
17. WATERLINE- The line which makes the surface with the hull.
18. PORTSIDE- Left hand side of the ship facing forward.
19. STARBOARDSIDE- Right hand side of the ship facing forward.
20. QUARTERDECK – Part of the main deck reserved for honors and ceremonies.
When onboard a ship, describe the position of an object from the ship (e.g. a
lighthouse, or another ship).
A. Off the port quarter
B. Off the Port beam or
Abeam
C. Off the Port Bow
D. Astern
E. Ahead
F. Off the Starboard
Quarter
G. Off the Starboard
Beam or Abeam
H. Off the Starboard Bow
I. Stern
J. Bow
Many are the plans in a
person’s heart, but it is the
Lord’s purpose that prevails.
PROVERBS 19 : 21 (NIV)

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INTRODUCTION TO

16. Length over all (Loa) :The

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