UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

FCE 431: DESIGN PROJECT

Contents
DESIGN INFORMATION SHEET....................................................................................... 2
PRELIMINARY SIZING OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS .................................................. 3
LOAD ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................... 5
SLAB DESIGN..................................................................................................................... 6
BEAMS DESIGN ............................................................................................................... 12
COLUMN DESIGN ............................................................................................................ 22
FOUNDATION DESIGN ................................................................................................... 29
STAIRCASE DESIGN ....................................................................................................... 32
DESIGN INFORMATION SHEET
PROJECT

CLIENT

DESIGNED BY GROUP

INTENDED USE KINDERGERTEN SCHOOL

FIRE RESISTANCE REQUIREMENTS Minimum cover 20mm

EXPOSURE CONDITIONS Moderate

FOUNDATION R.C Footing to the columns

MATERIALS Conrete fck = 30 N/mm2

Steel fyk = 500 N/mm2

STRUCTURAL LOADINGS Dead Loads

a) Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3

Live Loads
a) Typical floors = 3kN/m2

DESIGN CODES BS EN-1991: Action on structures

BS EN-1992: Design of concrete structures

SOFTWARE USED IN DETAILING Autodesk Revit 2020

FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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PRELIMINARY SIZING OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

1. SLAB

Slab Depth Two way

spanning
𝑙𝑦 7200
Table 7.4N = 6400
𝑙𝑥
l/De = 30
EN = 1.125 < 2
1992.1.1.2004
 = 0.50%

K=1.5
6400
Therefore: d = = 164.44 mm use 175
30∗1.5
mm thick
slab
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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2. BEAMS

EN 1992-1- Wall thickness = 200 mm

1:2004 Therefore, use beam breadth b=200mm
𝑳 𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟎
≥ 𝟏𝟐 , therefore, d = = 𝟔𝟎𝟎mm
𝒅 𝟏𝟐

Equations
a) Nominal cover to the concrete
4.1,4.2 & 4.4N
Cnom = Cmin + Cdev

Assuming 25mm bars for Cminb

CNOM = 25 +10 = 35 MM
h = 600 + 35 + 25/2 + 10 = 657 mm

use 650mm

b) Checking for fire resistance

Assume standard fire resistance of 1.5 hours, R90
Bmin = 150mm
Axis distance (a) = 55mm , aactual = (35 + 25/2 +10) = 57.5
Aactual > aaxis
Use
200mm
Therefore, adopt b = 200 mm
by 650
mm
beam.

3. COLUMN

Colum at (D/2)

7.2 𝑘𝑁 6.2
Load from slabs = 38.3 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × × 2 + 42.16 𝑚 × = 406.5𝑘𝑁
2 2

Self-Weight Beam = 0.2 × 0.65 × 25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 = 3.25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

7.2
W= 3.25 × × 2 = 23.4 𝑘𝑁
2

Ultimate design load = 1.35 × 23.4 = 31.59

Self-weight column= 0.3 × 0.3 × 25 = 2.25

Ultimate Design Load= 1.35 × 2.25 = 3 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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Floor Level Member Load (kN)

2 Column 2nd floor 8.55
Beam 428
1 Column 1st floor 8.55
Beams 428
N 873.1
Use
𝑁 873.1×1000 300mm
Minimum area A= 𝑓 = = 29100 𝑚𝑚2
𝑐𝑘 30 by 300
mm
column

LOAD ASSESSMENT

SLAB

Table 6.1 & Actions

6.2 Permanent actions

EN.1991.1.1.2 Density of concrete = 25 KN/m3

002
Slab self-Weight
25 KN/m3×0.175m = 4.375 kN/m2
Gk =
Screed and Plaster (50mm thick) 5.625
0.05×25 = 1.25 kN/m2 kN/m2

Total permanent action

gk= 4.375+1.25 = 5.625 kN/m2

Variable actions

Building Usage Category: C1

Use live actions = 3 KN/m2

Partitions = 1.0 KN/m2 Qk = 4.0
KN/m2
Total variable Actions
qk = 3.0+1.0 = 4.0 KN/m2
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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Design Ultimate State Actions Design

Action
= 1.35 gk + 1.5 qk n= 13.6
= 1.35x5.625 + 1.5x4.0 kN/m2
= 13.6 kN/m2

SLAB DESIGN

Slab Design (Halls 2nd Floor)

Loading = 13.6 kN/m2

Table 8.8 Panels (One long edge discontinuous)

EC2 Manual
Ly = 7200
Lx = 6400
Ly/Lx = 1.125

Table 8.8 Moment Coefficients

EC2 Manual Short span
−𝑣𝑒 𝛽𝑠𝑥 = 0.045
Table 3.14 +ve 𝛽𝑠𝑥 = 0.035
Cl 3.5.3.4
Long span
−𝑣𝑒 𝛽𝑠𝑦 = 0.037
+𝑣𝑒 𝛽𝑠𝑦 = 0.028

Moments
Short span
Negative: 𝛽𝑠𝑥 ∙ 𝑛 ∙ 𝑙𝑥2 = 0.045 × 13.6 × 6.42 = 25 𝐾𝑁𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

Positive: 0.035 × 13.6 × 6.42 = 19 KNm per m width

Long span

𝛽𝑠𝑦 ∙ 𝑛 ∙ 𝑙𝑥2

-ve = 0.037 × 13.6 × 6.42 = 20.6 𝐾𝑁𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

+ve = 0.028 × 13.6 × 6.42 = 15.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

Slab Reinforcements
𝑀
= 𝑏𝑑2 𝑓
𝑐𝑘
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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𝑏 = 1000 𝑚𝑚

Assume cover = 25 mm and Y16 bars

𝑀
d = 175 − 25 − 8 = 142 𝐴𝑠 = 0.87𝑓
𝑦𝑘 𝑧

𝑍 3
= (0.5 + √0.25 − 3.4 𝑘 ) ≤ 0.95
𝑑

Use Fck = 30 N/mm2

Fyk = 500 N/mm2

Moment(kN K=m/(bd2fc Z As Provide

m) k) z/d (mm) (mm2)
134.9 Y12@200(56

25 0.041 0.950 426 5)

19 0.031 0.950 134.9 324 Y12@250(45

2)
20.6 0.034 0.950 134.9 351 Y12@250(45
2)
15.6 0.026 0.950 134.9 266 Y12@250(45
2)
Min As = 0.0013*1000*175 = 227.5 mm2

Provide nominal steel as secondary reinforcement.

Check for Shear

Design shear strength

Shear force = 0.448 × 13.6 × 6.4
= 39 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
39×103
EN 1992-1-1- Shear stress induced, 𝜈 = = 0.28 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
1000×142
6.2.1(8)
1
0.18𝑘 100 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 3 3 1
Cl.2.4.2.4 2
𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = ( ) ≥ 𝜈𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝛾𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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200
𝑘 = 1+√ ≤ 2.0 𝛾𝑐 = 1.5
𝑑

100𝐴𝑠1 100 × 452

= = 0.32 ≤ 2.0
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 1000 × 142 No
𝜈𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 × 2 3/2
× 301/2
= 0.54 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 2 Check
for
𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.611 Shear is
required
𝜈 < 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐

Deflection
𝜌0 = 10−3 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 10−3 √30 = 0.55%
𝐴𝑠 452
𝜌= = = 0.32%
𝑏𝑑 1000 × 142

𝜌 < 𝜌0
3
𝑙 𝜌0 𝜌0 2
Therefore, span/depth ratio 𝑑 = 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( 𝜌 − 1) ]
𝜌

3
0.55 0.55 2
= 1.5 [11 + 1.5√30 × + 3.2√30 × ( − 1) ] = 53.7
0.32 0.32

Actual span to depth ratio

6400
= = 45.1
142

𝑙 Deflectio
=53.7 > 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑
n is OK

Panels (2 adjacent sides discontinuous)

Ly = 7200
Lx = 6400
Ly/Lx = 1.125
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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Moment Coefficients
Short span
−𝑣𝑒 𝛽𝑠𝑥 = 0.058
+ve 𝛽𝑠𝑥 = 0.043

Long span
−𝑣𝑒 𝛽𝑠𝑦 = 0.045
+𝑣𝑒 𝛽𝑠𝑦 = 0.034

Moments
Short span
𝛽𝑠𝑥 ∙ 𝑛 ∙ 𝑙𝑥2
(-ve) = 0.058 × 13.6 × 6.42 =
32.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
(+ve) = 0.043 × 13.6 × 6.42 =
24𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

Long span moments

𝛽𝑠𝑦 ∙ 𝑛 ∙ 𝑙𝑥2
(-ve) = 0.045 × 13.6 × 6.42 =
25 𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
(+ve) = 0.034 × 13.6 × 6.42 =
19 𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

𝑀
𝑘=
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑏 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑀
d = 175 − 25 − 8 = 142 𝐴𝑠 =
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧

𝑧 3
= 0.5 + √0.25 − 𝑘 = 0.95
𝑑 3.4
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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Moment(kN K= Z As Provide
m) m/bd2fc (mm) (mm2
k z/d )
134.9 Y12@200(56
32.3 0.053 0.950 550
5)
134.9 Y12@250(45
24 0.040 0.950 409
2)
134.9 Y12@250(45
25 0.041 0.950 426
2)
134.9 Y12@250(45
19 0.031 0.950 324
2)
Min As = 0.0013*1000*175 = 227.5 mm2

Check for Shear

Design shear strength
Shear force = 0.448 × 13.6 × 6.4 = 39 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

39×103
Shear stress induced, 𝜈 = 1000×142 = 0.28 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

1
0.18𝑘 100 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 3 3 1
EN 1992-1-1- 2
𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = ( ) ≥ 𝜈𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
6.2.1(8) 𝛾𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑

Cl.2.4.2.4 200
𝑘 = 1+√ ≤ 2.0 𝛾𝑐 = 1.5
𝑑

100𝐴𝑠1 100 × 452

= = 0.32 ≤ 2.0
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 1000 × 142

𝜈𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 × 23/2 × 301/2 = 0.54 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.611
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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𝜈 < 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐
No
Shear
Check is
required
BS EN 1990 Deflection
A 1.4.2 Characteristic load combination be taken account when considering damage
NA 2.2.6 To structural and non-structural elements
𝜌0 = 10−3 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 10−3 √30 = 0.55%
Cl: 7.4.1
𝐴𝑠 452
𝜌= = = 0.32%
𝑏𝑑 1000 × 142
𝜌 < 𝜌0
3
𝑙 𝜌0 𝜌0 2
Therefore, span/depth ratio 𝑑 = 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( 𝜌 − 1) ]
𝜌
3
0.55 0.55 2
= 1.5 [11 + 1.5√30 × + 3.2√30 × ( − 1) ] = 53.7
0.32 0.32

Actual span to depth ratio

6400
= = 45.1
142

𝑙
=53.7 > 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑 Deflectio
n is ok.
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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BEAMS DESIGN

Layout of Beams and Columns

A B C D E F

Loads on Beams

Loads on beam Grid Line 2

Loads = Area * n

Spans (A-B, C-D, D-E, E-F)

= (7.56+ 12.71) × 13.6 =275.7 kN
275.7
UDL= = 38.3 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
7.2

Span B-C = (3.15 + 2.25) × 13.6 =73.4 kN

73.4
𝑈𝐷𝐿 = = 24.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
3

Loads on beam Grid Line D

Load= (9.61 + 9.61) × 13.6 = 261.4 kN

261.4
UDL= = 42.16 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
6.2
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Fixed End Moments

Span A-B, C-D, D-E, E-F

38.3× 7.22
FEM= = 165.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12

Span B-C

24.5× 32
FEM= = 18.4 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12

Beam Grid D

42.16 × 6.22
FEM.= = 135 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12

Calculation of Beam design Moments (Moment Distribution Spreadsheet Solution)

Beam Grid 2
Joint B C D E F
End AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE
50000 120000 12000 50000 50000 210937.
SF 0 500000 0 00 0 500000 0 500000 500000 50
DF 1.00 0.29 0.71 0.71 0.29 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00
165.5 - 165.5
FEM 165.50 -165.50 18.40 -18.40 0 165.50 0 -165.50 165.50 -165.50
- - -
DM 165.50 43.26 103.84 103.84 43.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 165.50
COM 21.63 -82.75 -51.92 51.92 0.00 -21.63 0.00 0.00 82.75 0.00
-
DM -21.63 39.61 95.06 -36.65 15.27 10.82 10.82 -41.38 -41.38 0.00
COM 19.80 -10.82 -18.32 47.53 5.41 -7.63 -20.69 5.41 0.00 -20.69
-
DM -19.80 8.57 20.57 -37.37 15.57 14.16 14.16 -2.70 -2.70 20.69
COM 4.29 -9.90 -18.68 10.28 7.08 -7.78 -1.35 7.08 10.34 -1.35
DM -4.29 8.41 20.18 -12.26 -5.11 4.57 4.57 -8.71 -8.71 1.35
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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COM 4.20 -2.14 -6.13 10.09 2.28 -2.55 -4.36 2.28 0.68 -4.36
DM -4.20 2.43 5.84 -8.73 -3.64 3.45 3.45 -1.48 -1.48 4.36

Final
Mome - 172.1
nt 0.00 -168.83 168.83 -97.42 97.42 172.11 1 -205.00 205.00 0.00

Beam Grid D
Joint 3 2 1
End 32 23 21 12
SF 580645.16 580645.16 1714285.71 1714285.71
DF 1.00 0.25 0.75 1.00
FEM 135.00 -135.00 1.50 -1.50
DM -135.00 33.78 99.72 1.50
COM 16.89 -67.50 0.75 49.86
DM -16.89 16.89 49.86 -49.86
COM 8.44 -8.44 -24.93 24.93
DM -8.44 8.44 24.93 -24.93
COM 4.22 -4.22 -12.47 12.47
DM -4.22 4.22 12.47 -12.47
COM 2.11 -2.11 -6.23 6.23
DM -2.11 2.11 6.23 -6.23
FM 0.00 -151.83 151.83 0.00

Design Beam Moments

Beam Grid 2
𝑊𝐿 𝑀𝐵−𝑀𝐴 7.2 168.8
VA = − 𝐿 = 38.3 × 2 −
2 7.2
= 114.4 𝑘𝑁
114.4
Mmax occur at, 𝑥 = 38.3 = 2.9 𝑚

1
Maximum moment 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 2 × 2.9 × 114.4 = 𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎

7.2 172−97
Vc = 38.3 × −( ) = 127 𝑘𝑁
2 7.2

127
Mmax occur at 𝑥 = 38.3 = 3.3 𝑚
1
Maximum moment 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑪 − 𝑫 = −97.4 + 2 × 3.3 × 127 == 𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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Following the same procedure:

design moment for DE =𝟓𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎

design moment for EF =155 kNm

For Span B-C

3 168−97.2
Vc= 24.5 × 2 + ( ) = 60.3 𝑘𝑁
3
60.3
Mmax occur at = 24.5 = 2.46 𝑚
1
Mmax for span B-C = −168 + 2 × 2.46 × 60.3 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐. 𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 hogging

𝑀
𝑘=
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑏 = 1000 𝑚𝑚 (Designing Per metre length)

Assuming a 25 mm nominal reinforcement cover and 20 mm diameter bars

d = 650 − 25 − 10 = 615

𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧
𝑧 3
= 0.5 + √0.25 − 𝑘 ≤ 0.95
𝑑 3.4

Reinforcements for Beam Grid line 2 (Span Reinforcements)

Mome m/bd2f Z As Provide

Span nt ck z/d (mm) (mm2)
AB 166 0.0867 0.91 514.15 806.75 3Y20(942)
BC -93.8 0.0489 0.95 514.15 455.86 2Y20(628)
CD 112.5 0.0587 0.94 531.1 529.30 2Y20(628)
DE 59 0.0308 0.95 514.15 286.74 2Y16(402)
EF 155 0.0809 0.92 519.8 745.11 3Y20(942)
Support Reinforcements (Hogging)
B -168.3 0.0879 0.91 514.15 817.93 3Y20(942)
C -97.42 0.0509 0.95 514.15 473.45 2Y20(628)
D -172.11 0.0899 0.91 514.15 836.45 3Y20(942)
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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0.1093 502.85 1018.6 4Y20(1257)
E -205 4 0.89 8

Provision of Shear Links

𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑉𝑅𝑑,45 = 0.18 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑 × 𝑓𝑐𝑘 [1 − ]
250
0.18 × 200 × 615 × 30 30
= × [1 − ] = 536.98 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
1000 250

0.124
𝑉𝑅𝑑22 = × 𝑉𝑅𝑑45
0.18
= 0.68 × 603.7
= 410.5 𝑘𝑁

For
𝑉𝐸𝑑, ≤ 𝑉𝑅𝑑22 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 2.5

𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 = 𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
𝑠

𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑉𝐸𝑑 71.9 × 103 × 1.15

( ) = = = 0.18
𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞 0.9𝑑𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 0.9 × 407 × 500 × 2.5

𝐴𝑠𝑤 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 √30

( ) = 0.08𝑏𝑤 = 0.08 × 200 × = 0.175
𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑘 500

Shear Links spacing (Max) = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 × 615 = 461.25 Use 450 𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑠𝑤 = (2 × 50.3) = 101 𝑚𝑚2 for 2-legged, 8 mm bars

101
(𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠)𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = = 0.25
400
𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 = ( ) 𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 𝑧𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 0.34 × 500 × 0.9 × 609 × 2.5 × 10−3 = 232 𝑘𝑁
𝑠 Provide
H8 links
@400
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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Beam Gid line D design

Momen m/bd2fc Z (mm) As Provide
Span t k z/d (mm2)
525.45 3Y20(94
23 132.8 0.070 0.93 631.52 2)
Suppo
rt
519.8 3Y20(94
2 151.2 0.080 0.92 726.84 2)

Beam Grid Line 3

Loads = Area* n KN/m

For Spans A-B, C-D, D-E, E-F

= (12.71) × 13.6 =172.9 kN
172.9
W= = 24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
7.2

For Span B-C

30.6
Load= (2.25) × 13.6 =30.6 kN therefore, 𝑊 = 3 = 10.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Fixed end moments for A-B, C-D, D-E, E-F

24× 7.22
FEM= = 103.7 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12

For B-C

10.2× 32
FEM= = 7.65 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12

Beam Grid Line F

Loads

Load = (9.61) × 13.6 = 130.7 kN

FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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130.7
W= = 21 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
6.2

21× 6.22
FEM.= = 67.27 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12

Determination of Moments (Moment Distribution method)

Beam Grid Line F

Joint 3 2 1
End 32 23 21 12
1714285.7
SF 580645.16 580645.16 1714285.71 1
DF 1.00 0.25 0.75 1.00
FEM 67.27 -67.27 1.50 -1.50
DM -67.27 16.64 49.13 1.50
COM 8.32 -33.64 0.75 24.56
DM -8.32 8.32 24.56 -24.56
COM 4.16 -4.16 -12.28 12.28
DM -4.16 4.16 12.28 -12.28
COM 2.08 -2.08 -6.14 6.14
DM -2.08 2.08 6.14 -6.14
COM 1.04 -1.04 -3.07 3.07
DM -1.04 1.04 3.07 -3.07
FM 0.00 -75.94 75.94 0.00

7.2 104.3
VA = 24 × − = 71.9 𝑘𝑁
2 7.2

71.9
Mmax occur at, 𝑥 = = 2.99 𝑚
24

1
Mmax For Span A-B = 2 × 2.99 × 71.9 = 𝟏𝟎𝟕. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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7.2 108.2−59.4
Vc = 24 × −( ) = 79.6 𝑘𝑁
2 7.2

79.6
Distance to max moment, 𝑥 = = 3.3 𝑚
24

1
Mmax 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝐶 − 𝐷 = −59.4 + × 3.3 × 79.6 = 𝟕𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎
2
Using similar Procedure:
Mmax DE =𝟑𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎
Mmax EF =98 kNm

For Span B-C

3 104.3−59.4
Vc = 10.2 × 2 + ( ) = 30.3 𝑘𝑁
3

30.3
Distance to max moment, 𝑥 = 10.2 = 2.97 𝑚
1
Maximum moment 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝐵 − 𝐶 = −104.3 + 2 × 2.97 × 30.3 = −𝟓𝟗. 𝟑𝒌𝑵𝒎 (𝒉𝒐𝒈𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈)

Beam Grid line F

6.2 75.9
V3 = 21 × − = 52.8 𝑘𝑁
2 6.2

52.8
𝑥= = 2.52 𝑚
21
1
Maximum moment = 2 × 2.52 × 52.8 = 66.5 𝒌𝑵𝒎

Reinforcements

𝑀
𝑘=
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘

𝑏 = 1000 𝑚𝑚

Assuming Y32 bars

d = 650 − 25 − 16 = 609
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧

EN 1992-1-1
Cl. 6.2.3(1) 𝑧 3
= 0.5 + √0.25 − 𝑘 ≤ 0.95
𝑑 3.4

Momen m/bd2fc Z (mm) As Provide

2
Span t k z/d (mm )
Equation 6.9 0.05733 531.05 467.006 3Y16(60
AB 107.5 7 0.95 7 3)
0.03840 531.05 311.679 2Y16(40
CD 72 2 0.95 2 2)
0.01973 531.05 160.168 2Y12(22
DE 37 5 0.95 5 6)
EF 98 0.05227 0.95 531.05 424.23
Support
531.05 452.302 3Y16(60
B 104.3 0.05563 0.95 3 3)
0.03168 531.05 257.135 3Y12(33
C 59.4 2 0.95 3 9)
531.05 470.230 3Y16(60
D 108.2 0.05771 0.95 6 3)
0.06845 525.46 564.203 3Y16(60
E 128.35 7 0.94 4 3)
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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Shear Link Reinforcements

𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑉𝑅𝑑,45 = 0.18 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑 × 𝑓𝑐𝑘 [1 − ]
250

0.18 × 200 × 609 × 30 30

= × [1 − ] = 603.7 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
1000 250
0.124
𝑉𝑅𝑑22 = 0.18 × 𝑉𝑅𝑑45
= 0.68 × 603.7 = 410.5 𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝑉𝐸𝑑, ≤ 𝑉𝑅𝑑22 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 cot 𝜃 = 2.5 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 = 𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
𝑠

𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑉𝐸𝑑 71.9 × 103 × 1.15

( ) = = = 0.18
𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞 0.9𝑑𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 0.9 × 407 × 500 × 2.5

𝐴𝑠𝑤 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 √30

( ) = 0.08𝑏𝑤 = 0.08 × 200 × = 0.175
𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑘 500

𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 × 55 = 456

Assume 400 𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑠𝑤 = (2 × 50.3) = 101 𝑚𝑚2

101
(𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠)𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = = 0.25
400
𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 = ( ) 𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 𝑧𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 0.34 × 500 × 0.9 × 559 × 2.5 × 10−3 Provide
𝑠
= 232.9 𝑘𝑁 H8 links
at a
spacing
of 400
mm
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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COLUMN DESIGN

Design bending moments

Ground to first floor x-x

1 𝑘 2 𝑘
L0 = 0.5𝑙 × √(1 + 0.45+𝑘 ) × (1 + 0.45+𝑘 )
1 2

Where 𝑘1 and 𝑘2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠

K = (𝜃/𝑀). (𝐸𝐼/𝑙) = 1/(Σ2EI/L) restraint beams×(EI/L) column

(𝐸𝐼/𝐿)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
= 𝛴2𝐸𝐼/𝐿
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚

0.2×0.63
= 𝛴2𝐸𝐼/𝐿𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 = 2 × (2 × ) = 0.002
12×7.2

0.3×0.33
And: (𝐸𝐼/𝐿)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = = 2.4 × 10−4
12×2.85

10−4
𝒌𝟏 = 2.4 × = 0.12
0.002

K2 is infinity because it is pinned at the bottom

0.12 ∞
L0 = 0.5𝑙 × √(1 + 0.45+0.12) × (1 + 0.45+∞)
= 0.78𝑙 = 0.78 × 2850 = 2223 𝑚𝑚

Slenderness ratio

A= 0.7 (ϕef -unknown)

B=1.1
C=1.7 - M01/M02 = 1.7 – (0/70) = 1.7

llim = 20 × A × B × C/√𝑛
llim = 20 × 0.7× 1.1 × 1.7 /√𝑛

n = NEd/(Acfcd)

where; fcd =𝛼𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ⁄𝛾𝑐

FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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= (0.85×30)/1.5 =17 N/mm2

𝛼𝑐𝑐 = 0.85( 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦)

𝛾𝑐 = 1.5 for persistent and transient actions

873.1×103
n = (300×300)×17 =0.57

llim = 20 × 0.7× 1.1 × 1.7 /√0.57 = 34.6

𝑙 2223
lactual = 𝑖𝑜 = 3
= 25.6 < 34.6 Column
√300×3002 is Short
12×300

Ground to first floor

Loading for Span DC = 1.35 𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 13.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

W = 42.16 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

42.16×6.22
Therefore, the 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐷𝐶 = = 135 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12

Span DE (Beam Self-Weight) = 1.35 𝐺𝑘 = 4.05 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

4.05×6.22
Therefore, 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐷𝐸 = = 12.9 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12

The stiffness factors are:

1 𝑏ℎ3 1 0.2 × 0.63

𝐾23 = × = × = 2.9 × 10−4
2 12 × 𝐿𝐶𝐷 2 12 × 6.2

1 𝑏ℎ3 1 0.2 × 0.63

𝐾12 = × = × = 8.5 × 10−4
2 12 × 𝐿𝐶𝐷 2 12 × 2.1

𝑏ℎ3 0.3 × 0.33

𝐾𝐶𝑜𝑙 = = = 2.4 × 10−4
12 × 𝐿𝐶𝐷 12 × 2.85

And ∑ 𝑘 = (2.9 + 8.5 + 2 × 2.4) × 10−4 = 16.2 × 10−4

FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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2.4
MDesign = 16.2 × (135 − 12.9) = 18 𝑘𝑁𝑚

Design moment for topside ground floor

𝑁𝐸𝐷 ×𝑙𝑜 873×2.22

𝑀𝐸𝐷 = 𝑀 + = 18 + = 22.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚
400 400

Design

𝑀𝑧 22.8 × 106
𝑒𝑧 = = = 26.11
𝑁𝐸𝐷 873.1 × 103
𝑀𝑧 22.8 × 106
𝑒𝑦 = = = 26.11
𝑁𝐸𝐷 873.1 × 103
𝑒𝑧 𝑒𝑦 26.11 26.11
Since / = / = 1 > 0.2
ℎ 𝑏 300 300

The Column is designed for Biaxial Bending

𝑀𝑧 22.8
= = 0.088
ℎ′ 300 − 25 − 8 − 8

𝑀𝑦 22.8
′
= = 0.088
𝑏 300 − 25 − 8 − 8

𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
= ′
ℎ′ 𝑏

𝑏′
𝑀𝑦′ = 𝑀𝑦 + 𝛽 × × 𝑀𝑧
ℎ′
𝑁𝐸𝑑 873.1×103
= = 0.323 = 22.8 + 0.680 × 22.8
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘 3002 ×30

= 37.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝑀𝐸𝐷 37.8 × 106

= = 0.046
𝑏ℎ2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 300 × 3002 × 30

𝑑2 25+8+8
From Chart = = 0.14
ℎ 300

And

𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
=0
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
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Provide
nominal
Area of
steel As

As,min = 0.2% of bh = 0.002 × 300 × 300 = 180 𝑚𝑚2 Provide

4Y12
Provide 4Y12 bars

Shear links:

Prove ¼ bar diameter

1 Provide
= 4 × 12 = 3 𝑚𝑚 (𝑈𝑠𝑒 6 𝑚𝑚)
H6 links

Column(F-3)
7.2 𝑘𝑁 6.2
Load from slabs = 24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 2 × 2 + 21 𝑚 × 2 = 237.9𝑘𝑁

Self-Weight Beam = 0.2 × 0.6 × 25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 = 3 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

7.2
W= 3 × × 2 = 21.6𝑘𝑁
2

Design ultimate Load = 1.35 × 21.6 = 29.16

Self-weight column= 0.3 × 0.3 × 25 = 2.25

Design Ultimate Load= 1.35 × 2.25 = 3 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Level Member Load (kN)

2 Column 2nd floor 8.55
Beam 237.9
1 Column 1st floor 8.55
Beams 237.9
N 492.9

𝑁 492.9×1000
Minimum required column area= = = 16430 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑐𝑘 30
Use 300
Use column 300 ×300 mm x 300
column
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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Ground to first floor

Effective length of column

𝑘1 𝑘2
𝑙0 = 0.5𝑙 × √(1 + ) × (1 + )
0.45 + 𝑘1 0.45 + 𝑘2
Where 𝑘1 and 𝑘2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠

K = (𝜃/𝑀). (𝐸𝐼/𝑙) = 1/(Σ2EI/L) restraint beams×(EI/L) column

(𝐸𝐼/𝐿)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
=𝛴2𝐸𝐼/𝐿
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
0.2 × 0.63
𝛴2𝐸𝐼/𝐿𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 = 2 × ( ) = 0.001
12 × 7.2

0.3×0.33
(𝐸𝐼/𝐿)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = = 2.4 × 10−4
12×2.85

10−4
𝒌𝟏 = 2.4 × = 0.24
0.001
𝒌𝟐 = 𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚 since it is a pinned base

0.24 ∞
Therefore: 𝑙0 = 0.5𝑙 × √(1 + 0.45+0.24) × (1 + 0.45+∞) = 0.82𝑙 = 0.82 ×
2850 = 2340 𝑚𝑚

Member Stiffnesses

1 𝑏ℎ 3 1 0.2×0.63
1. 𝐾𝐹𝐸 = 2 × 12×𝐿 = 2× = 2.5 × 10−4
𝐶𝐷 12×7.2
𝑏ℎ 3 0.3×0.33
2. 𝐾𝐶𝑜𝑙 = 12×𝐿 = = 2.4 × 10−4
𝐶𝐷 12×2.85

3. ∑ 𝑘 = (2.5 + 2 × 2.4) × 10−4 = 7.3 × 10−4

Load for Span DC = 1.35 𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 13.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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W = 24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

24×7.22
Therefore, 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐷𝐶 = = 103.7 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12

2.4
Column design moment = 7.3 × (103.7) = 34 𝑘𝑁𝑚

Design moment for topside ground floor

𝑁𝐸𝐷 ×𝑙𝑜 493×2.22

𝑀𝐸𝐷 = 𝑀 + = 34 + = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎
400 400

Slenderness ratio

A= 0.7 (ϕef -unknown)

B=1.1
C=1.7 - M01/M02 = 1.7 – (0/70) = 1.7

llim = 20 × A × B × C/√𝑛

llim = 20 × 0.7× 1.1 × 1.7 /√𝑛

n = NEd/(Acfcd)

where; fcd =𝛼𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ⁄𝛾𝑐 = (0.85×30)/1.5

=17 N/mm2

𝛼𝑐𝑐 = 𝑢𝑠𝑒 0.85

𝛾𝑐 = 1.5 for persistent and transient actions

492.9 ×103
n = (300×300)×17 =0.28

llim = 20 × 0.7× 1.1 × 1.7 /√0.28 = 49.5

𝑙𝑜 2340
lactual = = 3
= 27 < 49.5
𝑖
√300×3002
12×300

The
column
is short.
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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Ground to first floor

Loading for Span DC = 1.35 𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 13.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

W = 21 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Therefore,
21 × 6.22
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐷𝐶 = = 67.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12

Member stiffness’s are

1 𝑏ℎ 3 1 0.2×0.63
1. 𝐾23 = 2 × 12×𝐿 =2× = 2.9 × 10−4
𝐶𝐷 12×6.2
𝑏ℎ 3 0.3×0.33
2. 𝐾𝐶𝑜𝑙 = 12×𝐿 = = 2.4 × 10−4
𝐶𝐷 12×2.85

3. ∑ 𝑘 = (2.9 + 2 × 2.4) × 10−4 = 7.7 × 10−4

2.4
Column design moment = 7.7 × (67.3) = 𝟐𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎

Design moment for topside ground floor

𝑁𝐸𝐷 ×𝑙𝑜 493×2.34

𝑀𝐸𝐷 = 𝑀 + = 21 + = 23.9 𝑘𝑁𝑚
400 400

𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
> ′
ℎ′ 𝑏

Therefore,
𝑏′
𝑀𝑍′ = 𝑀𝑍 + 𝛽 × × 𝑀𝑌
ℎ′

𝑁𝐸𝑑 493 × 103

= = 0.18 = 36.7 + 0.8 × 23.9 = 55.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘 3002 × 30

Thus

𝑀𝐸𝐷 55.8 × 106

= = 0.069
𝑏ℎ2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 300 × 3002 × 30
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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𝑑2 25+8+8
From design chart = = 0.14
ℎ 300

𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
=0 Provide
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
Minimu
m area
of steel
As

As,min = 0.002𝑏ℎ = 0.002 × 300 × 300 = 180 𝑚𝑚2

Provide 4Y12 bars Provide

4Y12
Links is provided as ¼ of the main bars bars
1
= 4 × 12 = 3 𝑚𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 6 𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠

Provide
H6 links

FOUNDATION DESIGN

Column (D-2)

Nserv = gk =5.625kN/m2 and qk = 4 kN/m2

For Span A-B, C-D, D-E, E-F

= (7.56 + 12.71) × 9.625 =195 kN

195
W= = 27.08 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
7.2

Loads on beam Grid Line D

Load = (9.61 + 9.61) × 9.625= 185 kN

185
W= = 29.8 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
6.2
7.2 𝑘𝑁 6.2
Load from slabs per floor= 27.08 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × × 2 + 29.8 × = 287 𝑘𝑁
2 𝑚 2

7.2
Self-Weight Beam = 0.2 × 0.6 × 25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 = 3 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 3 × ×2=
2
21.6𝑘𝑁
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
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Self-weight column= 0.3 × 0.3 × 25 = 2.25 KN

Level Member Load (kN)

2nd floor Column 2nd floor 6.4
Beam 308
1st floor Column 1st floor 6.4
Beams 308
N 628.8

Ndesign = 1.0 𝐺𝑘 + 1.0 𝑄𝑘 = 628.8 𝑘𝑁 Provide

628.8
a 2.5 m
Areq = = 4.192 𝑚2 square
150
base
Assuming a square base, b ≥ √4.192 = 2.05 𝑚 Use 2.5 m

Base Thickness:

At ultimate limit state

𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘

Column design load

𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 873.1 + 3 × 2.85 𝑘𝑁

Earth pressure due to ultimate loads

881.65
𝑃= = 200 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
2.1 × 2.1

Assume a base thickness of 600 mm

Provide
Allowance for deviation ∆𝑐𝒅𝒆𝒗 = 10 𝑚𝑚 a 50 mm
nominal
Therefore, 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 + ∆𝑐𝒅𝒆𝒗 = 40 + 10 = 50 𝑚𝑚 cover

Effective depth:

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 − ∅𝑠 = 600 − 50 − 20 = 530 𝑚𝑚

FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
Designed By: Checked By:
Reference Calculations Output
Reinforcements

Critical length

𝑙𝑐 = 1200 − 187.5 = 1013 𝑚𝑚

2100 300 Singly

𝑀𝐸𝑑 = (200 × 2.1 × ( − )) × 0.45 = 170 𝑘𝑁𝑚 Reinforc
2 2
ed
𝑀 170 × 106 section
𝑘= = = 0.0096 ≤ 𝑘 ′ (= 0.168)
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2100 × 5302 × 30

𝑧 3
= 0.5 + √0.25 − 3.4 𝑘 ≤ 0.95
𝑑

= 0.5 + √0.25 − 0.881 × 0.0096 = 0.99

𝑀 170 ×106 776 Provide

𝐴𝑠 = 0.87𝑓 = 0.87×500×0.95×530 = 776 𝑚𝑚2 = ( 2.1 ) = 370 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚width
𝑦𝑑 𝑧 7H12 @
792
2.9
Minimum Area of Steel 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26(𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 /𝑓𝑦𝑘 )𝑏𝑑 = 0.26 × 500 × 1000 ×
150 = 0.001508𝑏𝑑 ≥ 0.0013𝑏𝑑

= 0.001508 × 1000 × 120

= 181 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
Designed By: Checked By:
Reference Calculations Output

STAIRCASE DESIGN

Nominal cover = 25mm

Risers = 150mm
Tread = 300mm
Fck = 30 MPa
Fyk = 500 MPa
Width 1000mm

8 equal treads and 9 equal risers

8x300 = 2400
Landing = 1200
Span, L = 2400+1200 =3600mm

Assume 175 mm thick waist

Tan 𝜃 =opp/adj = 150/300 = 0.5

𝜃 = 26.6
Z = 175/ cos 26.6 = 196mm

Avarage thickness = 196 + 150/2 = 271mm

Effective depth, de =175-25 =142 mm

Loadings
Ultimate load n = 1.35x9.175+1.5x3.0
= 16.89 kN/m2

Ved = wl/2 = 16.89x3.6/2 = 30.4 kN

MEd = wl2/8 = 16.89x3.62/8 = 27.36 Kn/m

Effective depth = 175-25-12/2 = 144mm

MRd = 0.167bd2 fck = 0.167x1000x1442 x30 = 103.88 kNm

MEd < MRd therefore singly reinforced

With no effective end restraint

FCE 431 Design Project University of Nairobi S/No:
Designed By: Checked By:
Reference Calculations Output
𝑀 27.36 × 106
𝑘= = = 0.044
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1000 × 1442 × 30

𝑏 = 1000 𝑚𝑚

d = 175 − 25 − 8 = 142
3
𝑧/𝑑 = 0.5 + √0.25 − 3.4 𝑘 = 0.95 (𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚)

3
0.5 + √0.25 − 3.4 0.03 = 0.97

27.36 × 106
𝐴𝑠 = = 460 𝑚𝑚2
0.87 × 500 × 0.95 × 144

For the transverse reinforcements Provide

H10
Transverse reinforcement ≥ 0.2 𝐴𝑠 = 0.2 × 393 = 78.6 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚 @150(52
3)
Provide minimum required area

Checking in other directions

As min = 0.13%bd = 188mm2/m Provide
H8@250

Deflection checks

100𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 100 × 523

= = 0.36
𝑏𝑑 1000 × 144

Basic span effective depth ratio for as simply supported span with 𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑞 =0.5%
is 20
3100
Actual span-effective depth ratio of = 175 = 17.7
Effective
17.7 < 20 therefore, deflection is ok depth
OK.