Design of Staircase Central stringer beam___________________ OMOTORIOGUN VICTOR FEMI (2019)

DESIGN OF A STAIRCASE CENTRAL STRINGER BEAM TO

BS8110- 1:1997

Omotoriogun Victor Femi

Department of Civil Engineering,
Federal University of Technology, Minna.
Email: [email protected]
1.1 Introduction

Staircases are structural members that allows for movement from one floor to another in a structure
having landings at suitable intervals to allow for comfort and safety to the users.

Staircases consist of an inclined slab known as the Waste and a series of interconnected steps
linking one floor to another. The steps are composed of both a horizontal distance termed as Tread
and the vertical distance termed the Riser. Staircases are designed as one-way slabs but the dead
load portion of the waste is usually multiplied by a slope factor to account for the inclined slab.

Stringer beams are structural members that supports a floor or a deck along its longitudinal
direction. They are used to convert distributed loadings from a slab into point loads and are mostly
inclined secondary beams stemming from primary beams or supports. They are also very useful in
staircases where the thickness of the waste would be very large relative to the span of the flight
due to deflection requirement and also economy in usage of materials.

Stringer beams when utilized in staircases can be designed either with two edge beams (simply
supported) or with a central beam (double cantilever). Figure 1 illustrates a simply supported
staircase on two edge beams and a staircase supported on a central stringer beam.

Figure 1.0 Section through Staircases Supported on Stringer Beams.

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Design of Staircase Central stringer beam___________________ OMOTORIOGUN VICTOR FEMI (2019)

2.0 Design Data

Concrete grade, Fcu = 25N/mm2

Fy = 410N/mm2
Fyv = 250N/mm2
Concrete cover = 25mm
width of stairs = 1500mm
Risers = 150mm
Tread = 300mm.

Figure 2.0 Plan of Staircase (considered flight).

The Figure 2.0 shown above illustrates the second flight of a staircase required to span 7.5m
between supports. Adopting a staircase spanning longitudinally supported by beams at the supports
is uneconomical as the waste of the stair would be very large resulting in huge volume of concrete
and quantity of steel required to control deflection. Stringer beams can thus be adopted in order to
reduce bending moments and deflection requirement, for this case a central stringer beam (double
cantilever) type will be designed.

The staircase is idealised as a T- section therefore the stringer beam is designed as a flanged beam
and the waste of the staircase as spanning transversely (like a cantilever). Transverse beams will
be required to support the stringer beam. These transverse beams are designed as carrying point
loads at midspan.

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 Design of Staircase Central stringer beam___________________ OMOTORIOGUN VICTOR FEMI (2019)

3.0 Design of the Flight

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE CENTRAL STRINGER BEAM Sheet 1 of 3

References Calculation Output

1. Loading;
a. Dead loads
150mm concrete waste = 0.15 x 24 = 3.6kN/m2
Finishes, say = 1.5kN/m2
Balustrade allowances, say = 0.5kN/m2
0.15
Steps = x2 = 1.8kN/m2
2
√3002 +1502
Slope factor = = 1.12
300

Dead load Gk = (3.6 + 1.5 + 0.5) x 1.12 + 1.8 = 8.07kN/m2

. Imposed load Qk = 3.5kN/m2

Design Load = (1.4Gk + 1.6Qk) = (1.4 x 8.07 + 1.6 x 3.5) = 17KN/m2

Stringer Beam: (225 x 450)

Load transferred to beam = 17 x 1.50 = 25.5KN/m

self-weight of beam = 0.225 x 0.30 x 24 x 1.4 = 2.27KN/m
Total = 27.8KN/m

𝑊𝐿2 27.8×7.52
Moment, 𝑀 = = = 195.5KN.m
8 8
effective depth, d = 450-25 (20/2)-8-16 = 391 mm
6
M 195.5×10
K= 2
= 2 = 0.051
Fcu bd 25×1000×391

k
La = 0 ⋅ 5 + √0.25 − ≤ 0.95 ; La= 0.94
0⋅9

𝑀 195.5×106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 1365.63mm2.
0⋅95𝐹𝑦 𝐿𝑎 𝑑 0.95×410×(0.94×391)

Provide 3Y16mm + 3Y20mm bars at bottom and Top (As = 1545mm2)

Provide 2Y16 bars at crank positions

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 Design of Staircase Central stringer beam___________________ OMOTORIOGUN VICTOR FEMI (2019)

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE CENTRAL STRINGER BEAM Sheet 2 of 3

References Calculation Output

Shear:

𝑤𝐿 27.8×7.5
𝑉𝑀𝑎𝑥 = = = 104.25KN
2 2

𝑤𝐿 104.25×103
v. = = = 1.18N/mm2
2 225×391

100𝐴𝑠 100×1545
= = 1.76
𝑏𝑑 225×391

Vc = 0.70N/mm2

𝐴𝑠𝑣 (𝑉−𝑉𝑐)𝑏 = (1.18−0.7)225

= = 0.45
𝑠𝑣 0⋅95𝑓 0.95×250

Provide R8 – 200mm c/c (0.50). effective depth, d = 150-25-(10/2) =

120mm

Deflection:

2 𝐴𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 2 1365.63
𝐹𝑠 = 𝐹𝑦 = × 410 × = 241.6N/mm2
3 𝐴𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 3 1545

(477−𝐹𝑠 )
M.F = 0⋅ 55 + 𝑀 ≤ 2.0 = 1.45
120(0.9+ )
𝐹𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑑2

𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛 7500
dmin = = = 323.27 < 391 𝑜. 𝑘
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 × 𝑀.𝐹 16×1.45

Deflection is satisfied.

Stair Waste:

Load on Stair = 17kN/m2

𝑊𝐿2 17×1.52
Moment on cantilevered part 𝑀 = = = 9.56KN.m
4 4

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 Design of Staircase Central stringer beam___________________ OMOTORIOGUN VICTOR FEMI (2019)

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE CENTRAL STRINGER BEAM Sheet 3 of 3

References Calculation Output

effective depth, d = 150-25-(10/2) = 120mm

6
M 9.56×10
K= = 2 = 0.027
Fcu bd2 25×1000×120

k
La = 0 ⋅ 5 + √0.25 − ≤ 0.95 ; La= 0.95
0⋅9

𝑀 9.56×106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 215.3mm2.
0⋅95𝐹𝑦 𝐿𝑎 𝑑 0.95×410×(0.95×120)

Provide Y10 -200mm c/c both ways (As = 393mm2)

Transverse Beams: (225 x 450)

Span = 1.5m P = 104.25KN

self-weight of beam = (0.225 x 0.30 x 24 x 1.4) x 1.5 = 2.27KN/m
𝑃𝐿 𝑊𝐿2
Moment, 𝑀 = + = 39.73KN.m
4 8

effective depth, d = 450-25-(16/2)-8 = 409mm

6
M 39.73×10
K= = 2 = 0.0095
Fcu bd2 25×1000×409

k
La = 0 ⋅ 5 + √0.25 − ≤ 0.95 ; La= 0.95
0⋅9

𝑀 39.73×106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 262.52mm2
0⋅95𝐹𝑦 𝐿𝑎 𝑑 0.95×410×(0.95×409)

Provide 3Y12mm bar Bottom (As = 339mm2).

Provide 2Y12mm bar Top for anchorage (As = 226mm2).
Provide Y8 – 200mm c/c stirrups (0.50)

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Design of Staircase Central stringer beam___________________ OMOTORIOGUN VICTOR FEMI (2019)

4.0 Detailing
The detailing of the stringer beam, a typical section through the flight and a section through the
transverse beams is shown in the figures below.

Figure 4.1 Stringer Beam Details

Figure 4.2 Typical Section of Flight.

Figure 4.3 Transverse Beam

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