UNIVERSITY OF ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES

CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

BSC. CIVIL ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN:

STRUCTURAL REPORT & DETAILING

PROJECT TITLE:
DESIGNING A MULTI-PURPOSE SHOPPING MALL

CORE-BRIDGE LIMITED

APRIL, 2024
Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................ 4
NOTATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
ASSUMPTIONS ................................................................................................................................................. 6
CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF SLABS ............................................................................................................ 8
CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF BEAMS: Transversal Critical beams ........................................................... 13
........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF STAIRCASE .................................................................................................. 17
........................................................................................................................................................................ 17
CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF COLUMN: Critical columns........................................................................ 20
CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS: Critical internal foundations ........................................... 23
........................................................................................................................................................................ 26
INTRODUCTION
The primary objective of this structural design analysis is to ensure that the structures being design
exhibit a high level of performance throughout their intended service life. This entails achieving an
acceptable probability that the structures can withstand all anticipated loads, deformations associated
with normal construction and usage, and exhibit adequate durability and resistance to external factors
such as misuse and fire incidents.

Upon finalizing the building form and structural arrangement, the design process focuses on the
following key stages:

 Structural idealization: The structure is conceptualized and idealized into load-bearing frames
and elements suitable for considerations.
 Load Estimation: Accurate estimation of loads, including dead loads,live loads, environmental
loads, is conducted to simulate real-world conditions.
 Structural Analysis: Thorough analysis is performed to determined the maximum moments,
thrusts, and shears experienced by the structural elements. This analysis serves as the basis for
subsequent design decisions.
 Design of structural Elements: Based on the analysis results, the sections and reinforcement
arrangement for various structural element such as slabs, beams, columns and walls are
designed to meet a specified performance criteria and safety factor.
 Documentation and detailing: Detailed arrangement drawings, along with bar schedules and
other pertinent documentation, are produced and ensure adherence to the design
specifications.

Its worth nothing that this structural design process adheres to the guidelines outlined in the BS8110,
BS5950 and BS6399 design codes of practice.

Throughout this comprehensive design approach, aim is to design a structurally sound and resilient
buildings that meet the highest standard of safety, durability and performance as outlined by industry
best practices and regulatory requirements.
NOTATIONS
The symbolic notation used in this project is in accordance with the BS code of practice. Other symbols not defined
here, have been defined alongside the particular place where they have been applied.

A: cross section area

Asmin: minimum required reinforcement section

B : width of foundation footing, Beam

b: width reinforced concrete section

bf : width of flange in a beam

bw : width of web of a flanged a beam

C : cover

d : effective depth of tensile reinforcement

H : depth of foundation

fcu: characteristic yield strength of concrete

fy: characteristic yield strength of steel

GK: dead load h: overall depth of a concrete section

hf: thickness of flange in a T-beam

L : span length lx : short-span length

ly: long-span length M : bending moment

p: perimeter qadm: bearing pressure

Qk: imposed load

S: spacing of shear reinforcement V: shear force in concrete section

Øt : shear reinforcement diameter Ø: reinforcementdiameter

B.S: British standard

C.P: Code of Practice

RC: Reinforced concrete

m.f: modification factor

ASSUMPTIONS
Design standards used

Design standard used to determine section of steel bars of different structural elements of concerned

building are BS 8110.

Unities

Volumetric load: kN/m3

Surface load: kN/m2

Linear load: kN/m

Point load: kN

Dead loads

Roof structure: 1.5kN/m2

Reinforced concrete: 24kN/m3

Finishes: 1.0kN/m2

Masonry in burnt bricks: 18kN/m3

Coating in cement mortar: 20kN/m3

Masonry in cement blocks: 13.5kN/m3

Imposed load or live load

building: 4kN/m2

Cover conditions

Slabs, beams and columns [mild condition]: Would be stated in the report.

Foundation pads [moderate condition]: 40mm

Soil characteristics

Sandy-gravel subsoil of unit weight: 18kN/m3

Allowable bearing pressure: 200kpa=200kN/ m2

Mix proportions [BS 5328-2]

Mix ratio: 350 kg/ m3

Elasticity limit for construction materials

Strength of reinforcement:

 Hot rolled mild steel: 250 N/mm2

 High yield steel (hot rolled or cold worked): 500 N/mm2
 Concrete ƒck: 24N/mm2

Partial safety magnification factors

For dead load: 1.4

For live load: 1.6

REFRENCE DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF SLABS For outputs,

Environmental exposure conditions is mild Refer to
. BS 8110-1:1997 For durability requirements, Nominal cover required is 35mm calculation
TABLE 3.2 For fire requirements: 1.5 hour fire resistance. procedures.

BS 8110-1:1997
Grade of concrete is C30
TABLE 3.3 Characteristics strength of reinforcement: Hot rlled mild steel
Fe = 500 N/mm2
BS 8110-1:1997
TABLE 3.4
Layout
BS 8110-1:1997 Thickness =300mm
TABLE 3.3
Diameter of main bar = 16mm
BS 8110-1:1997 Diameter of distribution bar = 12mm
TABLE 3.1 Basic span / d.
Ratio = 20.8
Assume modification factor , m = 1.30
d = Lx / 20.8(m)
d = 5000 / 20.8(1.3) = 184.9
d = 200mm

LOADS
Finishes: 1.5 KN/m2
Imposed load = 4kN/m2
Self weight (DL) = 0.3 x 24 = 7.2KN/m2
Point Load = 60KN
UdL = 60/25 = 2.4
Design load = 1.4 (8.7) + 1.6 (6.4)
=22.42KN/m2

5000

5000
Slab 3S93
Ly/lx = 5000/5000
= 1.0

Bending Moment
Slab is one short edge discontinuous;
Ly / Lx = 1

Short span Long span

Bsx(-) Bsx(+) Bsy(-) Bsy(+)
0.039 0.029 0.037 0.028

Maximum (+) moment here is 0.029, hence we check for

Asprov

M(+) = 0.029nLx^2
= 0.029(22.42)(5)^2 = 16.254KNm

K = M/(Fcu x b x d^2)
= (16.254 x 10^6) / (30 x 200^2 x 1600)
= 0.0085

Z = d [ 0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9)]

Z = 200 [ 0.5 + √(0.25 - 0.0085/0.9)
Z = 198.1

Z =0.99d
0.99 > 0.95 hence use 0.95
Z = 0.95(200) = 190.5mm

As(req) = M / 0.87FyZ
As(req) = (16.254 x 106) / (0.87 x 500 x 198 )
As(req) = 188.714 mm2/m

As(prov) = 226 mm2/m

Use 2H12 - 300 c/c

M(-) = 0.039nLx^2
= 0.039(22.42)(5)^2 = 21.86KNm

K = M/(Fcu x b x d^2)
= (21.86 x 10^6) / (30 x 200^2 x 1600)
= 0.011
Z = d [ 0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9)]
Z = 200 [ 0.5 + √(0.25 - 0.011/0.9)
Z = 197.53 mm
Z =0.98d
0.98 > 0.95 hence use 0.95
Z = 0.95(200) = 190mm

As(req) = M / 0.87FyZ
As(req) = (21.86 x 106) / (0.87 x 500 x 197.53 )
As(req) = 254.41mm2/m
As(prov) = 339mm2/m

Use 3T12 - 300 c/c

M(+) = 0.028nLx^2
= 0.028(22.42)(5)^2 = 15.694KNm

K = M/(Fcu x b x d^2)
= (15.69 x 10^6) / (30 x 200^2 x 1600)
= 0.0082

Z = d [ 0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9)]

Z = 200 [ 0.5 + √(0.25 - 0.0082/0.9)
Z = 198.2 mm
Z =0.99d
0.99 > 0.95 hence use 0.95
Z = 0.95(150) = 190mm

As(req) = M / 0.87FyZ
As(req) = (15.69 x 106) / (0.87 x 500 x 200 )
As(req) = 180mm2/m
As(prov) = 226 mm2/m

Use 2T12 - 300 c/c

M(+) = 0.037nLx^2
= 0.037(22.42)(5)^2 = 20.74KNm

K = M/(Fcu x b x d^2)
= (20.74 x 10^6) / (30 x 200^2 x 1600)
= 0.011

Z = d [ 0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9)]

Z = 200 [ 0.5 + √(0.25 - 0.011/0.9) =
Z = 197.52 mm
Z =0.99d
0.99 > 0.95 hence use 0.95
Z = 0.95(150) = 190mm
As(req) = M / 0.87FyZ
As(req) = (20.74 x 10^6) / (0.87 x 500 x 200 )
As(req) = 241.4mm^2/m
As(prov) = 339 mm^2/m

Use 3T12 - 300 c/c

Distribution steel
Hence USE 3T12 @300 c/c
(long span)

Main bar

(short span)

SHEAR REINFORECEMENT WITHIN ONE METER SPAN.

Long coefficient.

Bvy for continuous edge = 0.4

Bvy for discontinuous edge = 0.26

Short coefficient.
Bvy for continuous edge = 0.4
Bvy for discontinuous edge = 0.26

Design load on short continuous edge.

0.4 x 2 x 7.2 = 5.76KN/m

Design load on short discontinuous edge.

0.26 x 2 x 7.2 = 3.74KN/m

Design load on long continuous edge.

0.4 x 2 x 7.2 = 5.76KN/m

Design load on long discontinuous edge.

0.26 x 2 x7.2 = 3.72KN/m
CHECKS FOR SHEAR critical
Shear stress (V) = V/bd
(5.76x103 ) / (1600 x 198.1)= 0.02 < 0.8(Fcu)0.5 (4.38 N/mm2 )
Vc = (30/35)1/3 x 0.48 = 0.46 N/mm2
Vc > V
No shear reinforcement required.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

Actual span / effective depth ratio
5000/198.1 = 25.24
Fs = 5/8 FyAsreq / Asprov
Fs = 5/8 x 500 x x (188.7/226) = 260.9N/mm2
Modification factor = 0.55 + [477 – Fs]/ 120(0.9 + Msxp/bd2)
=0.55 + (477-260.9)/ 120(0.9 + 16.254x 106 / (1600x 198.12)
=2.1
Permissible = M.F x (span / effective depth
= 2.1 x 25.24
=53.1
Permissible (53.1) > actual (25.24), hence deflection is okay.

CRACK CHECK
Clear spacing (t) =300mm
Allowable spacing = 3d
=3 x 198 = 594
Clear spacing < allowable spacing , hence cracking is okay.
CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF BEAMS:
Transversal Critical beams
DESIGN OF 1B34 – 1B69 – 1B68
Environment exposure conditions is mild
For durability requirements: Nominal cover required is 25mm
For fire requirements : 1.5 hour fire resistance. Nominal cover required
is 20mm. Hence selected cover is 25mm
grade of concrete is C30

Characteristic strength of reinforcement: Hot rolled mild steel of

500N/mm2

LAYOUT
Thickness / depth : 600mm
Width (bw) : 450mm
Diameter of main bar : 13mm
Diameter of distribution bar : 8mm
Effective depth (d) = Overall depth - cover - distribution bar - main
bar/2

d = 600 -25 - 8 - 13/2 = 560.5mm

560.5

450
 LOADS
Slab design load = 1.4(2.375)+1.6(4) =9.725 kN/m2

Beam self weight = 0.6 x 0.45 x 24kN/m3 = 6.48kN/m

Determining Loadings on 1B34,1B69,1B68

DETERMINING OF LOAD CONVERSION FACTOR (LCF)

LCF = Area / Span

Diagrams

72.27
57.66
39.752 55.83
4.62 4.56 3 3
6.48 4.34

64.95 67.46

-44.84 -119.53 -483.9

-65.3
-1493.3
-66.5
-65.67 -25.99 -31.8 -82.33
-65.69

15.56 40.49
732.28
37.26

1B34 1B69 1B68

ULTIMATE BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE

Maximum moment Mmax = 1493.3KNm (Hogging)

Maximum moment Mmax= 732.28KNm (Sagging)

Maximum shear Vmax= 4.38MPa

SAGGING MOMENT.
Mmax= 732.28KNm (Sagging)
K = M / Fcu bd2
K = (732.28 x 106 )/ 30 x 450 x 560.52
K = 0.173
K > 0.15
Hence compression reinforcement required.
Z =d(0.5 + )
Z = 561(0.5 + (0.25 – (0.173/0.9))0.5 )
Z = 183.98 mm

Assume diameter of the tension bar = 30mm

d = h – (Ø/2) – cover
d = 600 – (30/2) – 25
d = 560 mm

Ultimate moment Mu =0.156Fcubd2

= 0.156 x 30 x 450 x 5602
= 660.4kNm

Mu < Mmax , proves compression reinforcement is required.

COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT

Assume diameter of the tension bar = 30mm

d’ = (Ø/2) + cover
= (30/2) + 25
= 40 mm

X = [(d-z) / 0.45 ]
= [(560- 183.98)/0.45]
=835.6 mm

d’ / x = 40 / 835.6 = 0.05

0.05 < 0.37 < compression steel has yielded.

Asreq = [M] / (0.87 Fy (d-d’) )

= [(732.28) 106 ]/ (0.87 x 500 x (560-40))
=3237 mm2
Asprov = 5030 mm2 . 4H40 @ 300mm c/c

TENSION REINFORCEMENT
Asreq = (Mu/ 0.87fyz) - Asreq
Asreq = [(660.4 x 10^6) / (0.87 x 500 x 183.98)] – 3237
= 5015 mm2
Asprov = 5030 mm2. 4H40 @ 300 mm c/c

DESIGN FOR SHEAR RESISTANCE OF BEAM

Maximum shear Vmax= 4.38MPa
Design shear stress (v) = Vmax/ bvd
v= 4.38 x 104 / 450 x 560 = 0.1738 Nmm2
Maximum allowable shear = 0.8 (Fcu )0.5
0.8(30)0.5 = 4.4

100Asreq /bd = 100x5015/(450x560)

=1.99

Vc = 0.73 N/mm2, v > 0.5Vc

Vc/2 < v< (Vc + 0.4)
0.37 < 0.174 < 1.13

Asv/Sv = 0.4b / 0.87 x fyv

= 0.4(450)/0.87 X 500 X 0.17
ASv / Sv = 2.43

Provide 2H8@125

DEFLECTION CHECK
Actual Span / effective depth ratio
4000/560 = 7.14

M/bd2 = (732.24 x 106 ) / (450 x 5602 )

= 5.19
fs = 5/8 x fyAsreq/ Asprov
fs = 5/8 x 500 x(5015 / 3237)= 484.148 N/mm2

Modification factor = 0.55 + (500-fs)/ 120(0.9 + M/bd2 )

Modification factor = 0.55 + (477-278.95)/ 120[0.9 + (732.32x 10^6/ 450
x 560^2)]
Modification factor = 1.23

Permissible = modification factor x (span/effective depth) 1.23 x 7.14 =

8.78
permissible > actual : hence defelection is okay
CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

Stair Width (b): 2700.0mm

LHS Landing Width (bLHS):1250.0mm
RHS Landing Width (bRHS):1250.0mm
Number of Steps (n):10mm
Step Width (a): 300.0mm
Step Height (Rise) (s):150.0mm
Support Width (bM):300.0mm
Concrete Cover :30.0mm
Plate Thickness (Stair) (dK):150.0mm
Plate Thickness (LHS Landing):180.0mm

Plate Thickness (RHS Landing):180.0mm

For durability requirement: assume mild exposure conditions
Grade of concrete , c30
Characteristics strength of reinforcement : Fe = 500N/mm2
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
Imposed (Live ) load =3.5KN/m3
Total length of riser = 10 x 150 mm
=1500 mm
Slope = (27002 + 15002)0.5 = 3088.7 = 3090 mm
Finishes = 1.5KN/m2
Characteristics imposed load (finish) = min width x finish x slope
= 1 x 1.5 x 3.09
=4.635KN/m
Waist : depth x density of concrete x slope factor
= 0.15 x 24 x 3.09 =11.124KN/m
Steps = density of concrete x riser x thread x ½
= 24 x 0.25 x 1.75 x ½
=5.25KN/m
Total dead load = 4.63 + 11.124 +5.25 =21 KN/m

IMPOSED LOAD ON STAIRS

Live load = 3KN/m
Total imposed load = thread x live load x min width
= 2.7 x 3.09 x 1
=8.34KN

Design load = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk

=1.4 (21) + 1.6(8.34)
=42.48KN/m

Ra + Rb = 42.48 KN/m
3Ra – 42.48(1.5)=0
Ra = 20.62KN
Rb = 21.86 KN

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM.

Design for bending

Maximum moment = wl/4
Mmax = 42.48 x ¾ =31.86KN.m
Effective depth = overall depth – cover – diameter of bar /2
d = 150 – 30 – 16/2
= 112 mm

K = M / Fcubd2
K = 31.11x 106 / (30 x 1600 x 1122)
K = 0.052
Z = d [ 0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9)]

Z = 122 [ 0.5 + √(0.25 - 0.052/0.9)

Z = 114.5 mm

Z ‘=0.99d

0.99 > 0.95 hence use 0.95

Z’ = 0.95(112) = 106.4mm

Z > Z’ ok.

As(req) = M / 0.87FyZ

As(req) = (31.11 x 10^6) / (0.87 x 500 x 112 )

As(req) = 638.5mm^2/m
Check for minimum area of reinforcement
100As min / bh = 0.13%
As,min = 0.0013 x 150 x 1600
= 312 mm2/m

As(prov) = 707 mm2/m

Use 9H10 - 210 c/c for main bars.
Hence minimum steel is Ok.

Check for Maximum spacing < 3d

Maximum spacing < 3 x 112 = 336mm

100As min / bh = 0.13%
As,min = 0.0013 x 150 x 1600
= 312 mm2/m
Asprov = 393 mm2/m
Provide 5H10 @200 c/c for distribution bars

Check for shears

Shear is critical at both support A and B

Shear stress(v )= V/bd

= 20.62x103 /1600 x 112
=0.12 N/mm2 < 0.8(Fcu)0.5 (4.38 N/mm2 )

Vc = (30/35)1/3 x 0.48 = 0.46 N/mm2

Vc > V
No shear reinforcement required.
CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF COLUMN: Critical
columns

Environmental exposure condition is mild

For durability requirement :Nominal cover required is 25mm
For fire requirement 1.5 hour fire resistance .
Grade of concrete is 30

Characteristics strength of reinforcement: Hot rolled mild steel of

500N/mm2

Layout
b = 600 mm
h = 600mm
Clear height (Lo) = 4200 - 600 = 3600mm
Diameter of main bar = 16mm
Diameter of distribution bar = 8mm

Self weight = (0.6 x 0.6 x 3.7 x 24kN/m3 ) x 1.4 = 44.76KN

Total loadings on 1C153 = loading from 1S8,1B237, 1B236, 1B236

Upon computation
Total Design load on 1C153 = 4917.3 KN

END CONDITION
since the column is monolithically connected to the slab and the
beam thus D> β hence end condition 1
β = 0.75
Le = β Lo
Le = 0.75 x 3600
Le = 2700mm = 2.7m

Lex/h = 2700/600 = 4.5

Ley / h = 2700/ 600 = 4.5

Since Lex/h and Ley/ are less than 15

Design column as short braced.

Asc = N - 0.85Ac c Fcu / 0.65 Fy

Asc = 4917.3 - (0.85 x 600 x 600 x 30 ) / (0.65 x 500)
Asc = -23,283.9mm2
The negative sign implies the comprehensive strength of the
column can resist the
axial loads, hence provide nominal reinforcement

For nominal reinforcement : 100Asc / Ac > 0.4

Asc > 0.4 Ac / 100

Asc > 0.4 ( 600 x 600 ) / 100

Asc > 1440 mm2

Asprov = 1592.79 mm2

Hence 12 H 13

600

600

(B x D x 0.4 / 1000) < Asc < 0.6(100BD)

(600 x 600 x 0.4 )/100 < 1440 < 0.6(00x 600 x 600)

1440 < 1440 < 21.6x10^6

Meaning steel is satisfied

REINFORCEMENT FOR LINKS

Diameter of links = 1/4 diameter of main bar
= 1/4 x 13 = 3.25

Use H8
Spacing of links
150mm < 12d
150 < 156

Provide H8 @ 150 mm c/c

Therefore 3600/150
24H8 @ 150mm

CHECK FOR CRACKS

Clear spacing , t = 12 x diameter of main bar
= 12 x 13 = 156

Max spacing = 3d = 3 x 600

Since 156mm < 1800 - Crack is okay
CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS:
Critical internal foundations
DETERMINATION OF DEAD AND LIVE AXIAL LOADS.
Dead Loads
Finishes = 1.5KN
Slabs acting on foundation : FS99, FS100, FS18, FS17
Unit Slab self weight = 0.1 x 24 = 2.4 kN/m 2
Beams acting on foundation : FB16, FB248, FB17, FB219
Unit beam welf weight = 0.5 x 0.1 x 24 = 1.2KN/m
Column acting on foundation is 1C113
Live Loads
Live Load = 4kN/m2 on each structural elements acting on the footing
and those acting on column 1C113
Upon computation (Serviceability Load)
Design axial Load = 3060.3kN

LAYOUT
Environmental exposure condition is mild
Cover is 40 mm
Grade of concrete is C30
Characteristics strength of reinforcement hot rolled mild steel of 500
N/mm2

Soil bearing capacity = 280kN/m2

Blinding = 50 mm

Diameter of bars (both directions) : 16mm

b (working on 1m each) = 1000m

self weight of footing = 67.2KN

Plan Area
Plan area of base : N / bearing capacity of soil
= 3060.3 / 280
= 10.93 m2

=(10.93)0.5
= 3.31

Hence provide 3.5m square base.

Depth of pad: Self weight of pad / (area of base x desity of
concrete)
= 67.2/ (3.5 x 24)
= 0.8 m = 800 mm

BENDING REINFORCEMENT
Footing dead load = self weight / 10%
DL = 67.2/0.1
= 672KN

3060.3 – 672 = 2388.3 KN.

Total Ultimate load (W)= 1.4 Gk + 1.6 Qk

= 1.4 (672) + 1.6 (2388.3)
=4762.1 KN

Earth Pressure (Ps) = W/ plan area of base

= 4762.1/10.93
=436.89 KN/m2

800 mm

436.89KN/m2

Maximum design moment occurs at the face of column (M) :

=PsL2 / 2
= 1019.4kNm

Average effective depth of reinforcement (d) : heoght – cover

diameter od bar
= 800 – 40 – 16
=744 mm
Ultimate moment
Mu = 0.156Fcubd2
= 0.156 x 30 x 1000 x 7442
= 2590.54 x 106

Since Mu > M, no compression is required.

MAIN STEEL.
K = M / Fcubd2
K = 1019.4 x106 / 30 x 1000 x 7442
K = 0.06
K < 0.156

Z = d [ 0.5 + √ ]
Z = 744 [ 0.5 + √ ]
Z = 690.56 mm
Z > Z’(0.95d)
Z > 675.43
Asreq = M / 0.87 fyz
= 1019.35 x 106 / 0.87 x 500 x 690.56
= 3393.38 mm2/m

Minimum steel area is 0.13%bh

= 0.0013x1000x800
=1040 mm2/m > As

Asprov = 3562.57 mm2

15 H 18 @ 250 mm

Critical SHEAR STRESS

Punching Shear
Column perimeter = 4 x 500 = 2000 mm
Critical parimeter, Pcrit: column perimeter + 8x 1.5d
: 2000 + 8 x 1.5 x 744
= 10,928mm
Area within perimeter : ( column width + footing width x d) 2
= (500+(3.5x744)2
= 6.8x 106 mm2
= Ultimate punching force (V) = Earth pressure x (plan area of
base – area within perimeter)
= 436.89 x (10.98-6.8)
=1826 KN

Design punching stress (V): V/ Pcrit x d

= 1826 x 103 / (10,928 x 744)
= 0.22 N/mm2

Design concrete shear stress (Vc): (Fcu / 25)1/3 x 0.22

Vc = (30/25)1/3 x 0.22
=0.234 N/mm2

Since Vc > V , Punching failure is unlikely and 800mm depth of

pad slab is acceptable.

3500

3500

Face Shear
Vmax occurs at the face of the column.
Vmax : W / (Column perimeter x d)
=4762.1 x1000 / (2000 x 744 ) = 3.2 N/mm2

Vmax (3.2 N/mm2) < Permissible (0.8(Fcu)0.5 ) = 4.48N/mm2

Transverse shear
Ultimate shear force (V) = Ps X Area
=(3500/2) – (500/2) – 744
=756
Ultimate Shear force = Ps x Area =
=436.89 (3.5 x 0.756)
=1156.01KN

V = V/bd
V = (1156.01 x 1000) / (744 x 2000 x 3.5)
= 0.22N/mm2
V(0.22) < Vc(0.234), hence no shear reinforcement required.

FOR SUMMARISATION, CONSULT DRAWING FOR STRUCTURAL

DETAILING