A.

Enumerate and explain some important events in the history of swimming in the world
and in the Philippines.
THE HISTORY of swimming and its precursor, bathing, may be traced in fact and fiction in the
literature and art of ancient civilizations. Accounts of the aquatic art take us back some 4,000
years to Egypt. There it is recorded that swimming instructors were known upon the banks of the
Nile, for a nobleman of the middle kingdom (2160-1780 B.C.) left testimony to the fact that his
children and the children of the king took their swimming lessons together.
Swimming in Early Modern History
The Art of Swimming, written by French author Melchisédech Thévenot in 1696, was the first
printed instructional article on certain strokes. It featured an early version of the breaststroke,
which was used to educate people how to swim properly in the water.
A small study book of The Art of Swimming for Self-Study, written by GutsMuths in 1798,
became a typical instructional device in teaching people how to swim. Swimming became a
serious and competitive sport in Europe and around the world as a result of this.
Swimming Goes Competitive
Swimming as a competitive activity appears for the first time in England in the early 1800s.
Swimming and various swimming techniques had been known for a long time, but this was the
first time individuals decided to make it a sport.
The first public swimming pool, St. George's Baths, opened in 1828. The National Swimming
Society was founded a few years later, and it began to host regular swimming events in London.
The sport grew in popularity to the point where people from all over the world decided to take
part. An international swimming competition was conducted in 1844, and two Native Americans
took part. Because he employed a front crawl stroke, which was faster than the British traditional
breaststroke, one of them, Flying Gull, beat the British rival. The front crawl had been practiced
by Native Americans for decades, but the British were unfamiliar with the method.
Captain Matthew Webb was the first person to successfully swim the English Channel between
France and England some decades later. He swam about 22 miles in under 22 hours using the
breaststroke.
Other Countries Join the Fray
In 1892, Scotland conducted its first women's swimming tournament, and Germany, France, and
Hungary established national swimming federations.
Nancy Edberg established women's swimming as a legitimate sport by providing swimming
classes to people of all ages and genders. The first lifesaving device was designed about this time
to make swimming a safer and more accessible hobby.
In 1896, the inaugural Olympic swimming tournament was conducted in Athens, with four
swimming events: the 100m, 500m, 1200m freestyle, and 100m for sailors. The first gold medal
went to a Hungarian, and the second went to an Austrian.
Swimming has been improved upon since its rise to prominence as a competitive sport, with a
series of inventions and procedures that have standardized the role of professionals in swimming
around the world. Swimming is now popular in almost every country on the planet, and it
continues to have a significant impact at the Olympic Games and beyond.
PHIL. SWIMMING HISTORY
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SWIMMING IN THE PHILIPPINES
The basics of athletics were instilled in Filipinos through the pioneering efforts of YMCA
officials serving among the American military soldiers, who witnessed the creation of the
country's first swimming pool at the Fort McKinley YMCA in 1907. Swimming pools sprung up
all across the city, including those at the American Columbian Club, the YMCA Manila, and the
Manila Polo Club, sparking interest in water sports.
The inaugural dual swimming meet, held in 1910 between the Manila YMCA and the Fort
McKinley YMCA, marked the official start of swimming as a competitive activity in the
Philippines. This early tournament in the Philippines between members of the disbanded
Philippine Scouts of the US Army and the YMCA, which was later joined in the effort by the
American Columbian Club, piqued Filipino interest in the sport.
Only American males were initially invited to compete in aquatic events, as was the case with
the American Columbian Club's first swimming meet in 1911, which featured teams from the
Manila YMCA, the American Columbian Club, and the USS Saratoga. The next year, the
competition was expanded to include Filipino swimmers.
The Filipinos competed in the second championship competition the following year (1912). The
late Condrado Benitez stood out among the 42 individual entries as the best Filipino swimmer.
The Philippine Team, composed of Condrado Benitez, J. del Pan, C. Aiville, and L. Cristobal,
won the Far Eastern Games in Manila in 1913, defeating China and Japan.
Water sports were only made available to Filipinas in the 1920s, when the University of the
Philippines and the Philippine Women's College began teaching competitive swimming to
students as part of their Physical Education classes.
Teofilo Yldefonso, a Philippine Scout soldier in the US Army, was named the greatest Filipino
swimmer in 1924 as a result of his achievements in national championship meetings, the Far
East, and the Olympic Games. In the national championship competition, Muslims and Filipinos
from Sulu made their mark.
Up to 1951, the sixth Formosa-Philippines Biennial Swimming Championships, the 9th and 10th
Far Eastern Games, and a series of Manila-Hong Kong Interport Swimming Meets were held, all
of which included remarkable performances by Filipino men and women swimmers.
The University of the Philippines won the 1931 National Women's Swimming Championship
match at the Rizal Memorial Pool. In 1934, the PWU women's team won the championship.
During Japanese rule, swimming competitions were halted. Swimming events were only
reintroduced in 1948. The first Asian Games, held in New Delhi in 1951, allowed Filipino
swimmers to compete in international competitions for the first time. Artemio Salamat, Jacinto
Cayco, and Nurhatab Rajab were among the swimmers.
In 1954, Manila hosted the second Asian Games. P. Nabiula, A. Jimenez, R. Cullins, H. Coloso,
N. YIdefonso, S. Geise, L. Ramirez, C. Cullen, B. Sailani, A. Lozada, R. Badulis, and J. Cayco
were among our swimmers who achieved distinctions for our country.
The athletes that competed in the third Asian Games in Tokyo in 1958 brought the country
honors. They were B. Sailani, W. Brown, R. Agustin, L. Cortez, H. Coloso, G. Lozada, S. Geise,
V. Cagayat, and J. Geise.
The fourth Asian Games, held in Jakarta, Indonesia in 1962, saw the Filipino swimmers win yet
another medal. They came in second place. Havdee Espino, Gertrudes Lozada, Sampang Hassan,
Rolando Landrito, and Annurhussin Hamsain were the standouts.
Filipino swimmers continued to take part in the competition. The Federation System was
established in 1962 by Republic Act 3135. The Philippines-Hong Kong YMCA, which began in
1968, was the first age group overseas program. Since then, the annual swim meet has alternated
between Hong Kong and the Philippines. This program was carried up until 1978.
Mindanao's Muslim swimmers continued to bring glory to the country. Tuburan Kontong Tamse
was the first Muslim Filipino to compete in the Olympics. In the 70's Asian Games in Bangkok
and Tehran, our Muslim brothers show their skills and talent by winning medals for our country.
Notably among them are Roosevelt Abduigafur, Jairulla Jaitulla, Amman Jalmaani, Leroy
Edward Goff, Dae imlani, Sukarno Maut, Mazier Mukaram, and Kemalpasa Umih.
Singapore hosted the First Asian Age Group in 1970. The Philippine Amateur Swimming
Association has dispatched its first age group swimming squad. This year's swim tournament
includes powerhouses Japan and China. The Philippines came in second place, trailing only host
Singapore, who had the most swimmers of any of the teams. The fact that we were able to defeat
Japan and China at the time was a huge accomplishment for the team. Until 1976, the Asian age
group was active.
In 1977 the Southeast Asian (SEA) Age Group was born, hosted by Singapore, and later on, the
ASEAN.
PASA made significant success in the development of swimming under the direction of Eduardo
Ledesma and former national standouts like Mark Joseph, Ral Rosario, and Eric Buhain. Regular
Age Group Competitions, the Coach to Coach Program, the Annual Summer Development
Program, the Olympic Development Swimming Program, the Community Pools Construction
Program, and the National Swimming Grand Prix were among the projects launched.
The Philippine Amateur Swimming Association, led by President Mark P. Joseph and ex-
national swimmers Ral Rosario, Pinky Brosas, and Akiko Thompson, is laying the groundwork
for a stronger PASA with a larger role in 2005. PASA unveils its National Plan for Teaching
Swimming under the tagline "Swimming is Life," in collaboration with Arena.
The NPTS is a comprehensive, integrated, and progressive teaching program based on sound
technical and educational principles and provides a standard reference for those responsible for
planning swimming programs.
The swimming association is also expanding its membership base and repeating its call for
people and groups to join the PASA umbrella. It is presently focusing on educating and
certifying all local swim coaches and instructors in order to improve the quality of teaching in
the Philippines. This will entail a succession of certification levels for persons interested in
various parts of coaching.
At present, Ma. Lailani Velasco is the president of the Philippine Amateur Swimming
Association, which is now known as Philippine Swimming Inc. The federation continued to
promote and propagate the sport by sending national teams to international swimming
competitions such as the Southeast Asian Games and Southeast Asian Age Group Swimming
Championships, as well as hosting Iocal meets such as the Speedo G League Long and Short
Course series. It is devoted to a good governance policy and will be open and transparent in all
of its dealings, hiding nothing and simply working to improve swimming in the country.

B. State and elaborate some of the dos’ and don’ts that are important in swimming. (20
points) - Carla
There are a lot of do’s and dont’s in swimming. Listed below are the main important ones that
everyone, whether a beginner or a veteran swimmer should know and follow:
DO’s
Warmups - it is a must to warm up your body for your muscles to be acclimated since swimming
is an intense workout. Warm Ups prevent muscle pain and allows you to swim with your
maximum performance.
Don't leave children unattended/unsupervised - Whatever the age of your children is, you must
keep a close eye on them when they are near the water to avoid injuries or accidents.
Hydrate - it is important to drink water before, during, and after swimming to avoid having heat
related problems (heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke) and also to boost your energy
when swimming.
DONT’s
Eat A Big Meal Before Swimming - having a heavy meal before swimming may result in
vomiting inside the pool since you are active or you move your body too much in the water.
Don't horseplay in the pool - horseplay may cause injuries or accidents that may result in
drowning.
Don't swim alone - this does not only apply to children, but also to everyone. It is better to be
with someone when swimming just in case accidents may happen and there is someone to
witness or help you in the water.

C. Give some examples of the proper swimming attire and use of gears/gadgets that are
very essential in water activities. (20 points)
Here are just a few reasons why it is important to wear approved pool attire:

 Street clothes (especially those made of cotton) can transport air and waterborne
contaminants to the pool.
 Absorbent materials such as cotton can break down in the water. These fibers can clog
pool filters and create the need for expensive repairs. Lycra and Nylon are the best non-
absorbent materials for swimwear.
 Any colored or dyed materials (unless specifically made for swimming) can bleed into
the pool, affecting the water chemistry.
 Swimwear requirements
 All individuals, both on the pool deck and in the swimming pool, must wear proper swim
attire.
 Infants and toddlers are required to wear a swim diaper.
 Individuals can wear clean cotton t-shirts and sarongs on the pool deck only. They must
also wear proper swim attire underneath these clothing items.
 Underwear and other undergarments are not allowed to be worn under swimsuits.

Rash guards provides you an added protection against the damaging rays of the sun and helps
prevent sunburn. Some rash guards even have built-in UV protection. These can also be worn as
an undergarment for the drysuit to add warmth. It is the perfect wearable gear for activities such
as snorkeling, freediving, wakeboarding, bodysurfing, windsurfing, canoe polo, and kite surfing.
Swim trunks or boxer shorts, this swimsuit is the most popular of all men’s style swimsuits. They
fit at the waist and fall loosely to hips and mid-thigh. They have a netting pair of briefs inside the
shorts. Both dry quickly for those who exit the water for other activities.
The perfect blend of the one-piece and two-piece swim costume, this suit might have a bandeau
top and a full coverage bottom joined by a band or tie at the neck. Some of these suits only cover
the necessities while sporting pieces of fabric in various places. 
Swim dresses were designed to cover the female form more modestly than one-piece women’s
swimsuit. Many suits have skirts resembling a bit more than miniskirts.

Use of gears/gadgets that are very essential in water activities:

 Life Jackets, or other Personal Floatation Devices, are the most important safety
appliances to be used during water sports. It is important to wear a life jacket at all times
throughout the course of the activity. Lifejackets are of various types. They are foam-
based, inflatable, throwable etc. While choosing a lifejacket, it is necessary to choose one
that fits snugly, is neither too tight nor too loose, so it can be of help preventing the
person wearing it from drowning automatically, or as soon as it is inflated.
 Safety helmets are used mostly for water sports involving a higher risk factor, like water
skiing and kayaking activities, but it is important to use them whenever required during
water sports. The unpredictability of these sports makes water helmets an essential part of
sportsman safety. They are ergonomically designed yet in accordance with the highest
safety standards.
 Lifebuoys are ring-like floatation devices that prevent people from drowning. They come
in handy when someone falls overboard while intense activities such as rafting or
canoeing. They are usually kept easily accessible, to be quickly tossed to the person in
distress.
 First Aid Kits are the most important of all articles used during water sports. They
provide temporary assistance in case of emergencies. A properly stocked first aid can
probably save a person’s life. It is the first requirement for medical assistance in case of
an emergency and hence is a must-have safety measure on every boat.
 A snorkel mask is important to water sports equipment to have when snorkeling or casual
surface diving. This is because, in a water environment, everything we see is blurry. A
snorkel mask creates an air pocket around your eyes or face, which makes everything
clearer underwater.
 Goggles are also needed in swimming. It helps the student to be more at ease with the
water. The main purpose of wearing goggles is to protect your eyes from the harmful
chemicals and dirt from water and from the harmful rays of the sun.
 Snorkeling fins are best for diving, snorkeling, and swimming as these give assistance in
your leg movements underwater and make underwater navigation more efficient.
 Additionally, snorkeling fins offer you some floatation helping you stay horizontal and
prevent your legs from cramping or getting tired.

D. Enumerate and explain the safe water entry and basic floating.
Safe water entry - In general, you should always enter shallow or unknown waters feet first.
Unknown waters are when you are unsure of the water depth, and/or if you can’t see what lies
beneath the surface.
Wade Entry - When possible, the wade entry is the best way to enter unknown waters. It is
entering the water with a slow walk. Feel your way forward with your feet until the water is
already chest deep, then you may already start to swim.
Slide Entry - Use the slide entry for shallow or unknown waters with a steep angled edge, such
as a pool edge. It is also useful in crowded areas since it is easier to control than other entry
methods. The first thing you will do for Slide entry is to sit down with your feet or legs hanging
down into (or above) the water. Use your hands to slide yourself into the water. For shallow
waters, once your feet are firm, continue forward using the wade entry. Use the slide entry for
shallow or unknown waters with a steep angled edge.
If speed is a factor and you plan to push off the wall once you are in the water, don’t push too
hard during the slide entry. If you are too far away from the edge you won’t be able to do a good
push off, which is where your initial propulsion comes from.
Step-off Entry - When entering shallow or unknown waters, and you are too high for a slide
entry, use the step-off. Step off your platform into the water. Keep your knees flexed and be
ready to absorb any impact in case you hit the floor. You can then wade or swim depending on
the situation.
Compact Jump - when entry is from a height greater than 1 meter into known deep water. Place
both arms across the body with 1 over the mouth and nose, step off then bring legs together
keeping them straight. Hold this position vertically ensuring feet go in first. Once under water,
tuck your body to slow down the movement.
Fall in Entry / Accidental Fall – to perform the Fall in entry or Accidental Fall, tuck your chin
onto your chest, place hands on head using arms to protect face and chest. Then, tuck in to a ball
shape by bringing the legs together, knees bent towards the chest.
FLOATING
Knowing how to float in the water for long periods of time could save your life in an emergency.
Although you often see swimmers floating on their backs, this is just one of many possible
positions. Relaxing and staying motionless help you float more easily, regardless of the position.
No matter how confident you are in your floating abilities, always carry a life jacket on any
boating trip. These are some of the basic types of floating.

1. Survival Float
The survival float uses very little energy, making it ideal for situations when you don't know how
long you'll need to stay afloat. Lie on your stomach with your face underwater and your arms
and legs dangling. When you need to breathe, bring your head back up and out of the water while
pushing down with your arms and legs. After you take in a breath, hold it and relax completely
for a few seconds to drop back into the water. When you need to breathe again, exhale as you
bring your face back up out of the water.
2. Horizontal Back Float
When performing the horizontal back float, you don't use much energy, and you stay fairly
comfortable. In the horizontal back float, you lie on your back in the water with your back
slightly arched, your arms out to the sides and your legs straight. Your face won't go underwater
and your legs, if relaxed, will float.
3. Vertical Back Float
In the vertical back float, as in the horizontal back float, your face remains above the water;
however, in the vertical back float, less of your body floats above the water. While your upper
chest and your face stay out of the water, your legs drop down below the surface. Keep your
arms extended, and kick only when it becomes necessary to stay afloat.
4. Treading Water
Although it's technically not a type of floating, treading water makes it easy to transition between
floating positions. Because your head remains completely above the water's surface, treading
water is ideal in situations where you need to look at your surroundings. Keeping your arms
outstretched, move them slowly just under the surface of the water while performing scissor
kicks to stay afloat.

E. Reaction paper on the power point presentation 2nd segment-human instinct and safe water
entry. (20 points) -

Note: Make a videos for virtual presentation of safe water entry and basic floating and also for
BR physical activity to be presented on Sept. 20.
REFERENCES

https://lessons.sg/swimming/history/
https://www.philswimming.com/philippine-swimming-history/
https://www.survivalfitnessplan.com/safe-water-entries/
http://startingblocks.com.au/swimschool/index.php/teachers/tips/85-water-entries
https://www.livestrong.com/article/468210-different-floating-positions-in-swimming/