Dream Worldwide Unit 1

Day 2:
PART 1

On Day 1, we were introduced to status being defined by ending sounds and two groups of ending
combination (the pair and plural). Yesterday, we added a third group to this scenario; the feminine
plural group. In other words, the scheme that is in your notes should be as follows:

Pair Group:
َْ ْ ُ َْ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ
AANI AYNI AYNI as in ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺎِن ﻣﺴِﻠﻤ‬

Plural Group: (masculine and more than 2)

OONA EENA EENA as in ‫ﻣﺴِﻠِﻤﻴ‬
َْ َ ْ ‫ُﻣْﺴﻠُﻤْﻮَن ُﻣْﺴﻠﻤ‬
ْ ُ ‫ﻴ‬
ِِ ِ

Feminine Plural Group: (feminine & more than 2)

ٌ َ ْ ُ
َ ْ ُ ‫ت ُﻣْﺴﻠَﻤﺎت‬
AATUN AATIN AATIN as in ‫ت‬
ٍ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺎ‬ ٍ ِ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺎ‬

PART 2: Notes on Light & Heavy Status

a. Normally a word should be heavy, and we must have reason for making it light.
b. All words on page 6 are heavy (and so are any words in Arabic that have endings similar
to the words on page 6) Each of them can be lightened by removing the extra ‫ ن‬sound.

ٌ ‫ ﻛﺘَﺎ‬or
This can be done in two ways. Firstly, if you see a double accent in words such as ‫ب‬ ِ

‫ُﻣَﻬﺎِﺟٍﺮ‬, you can lighten a word by removing the extra ‫ ن‬from its ending combination. In
َ َ
cases like ‫ ﻛﻓُِﺮْون‬and ‫ﻴ‬
َْ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ‫ ُﻣ‬respectively. For
ِ ‫ﺸﻗ‬ِ ‫ ﻣ‬light versions would be ‫ ﻛﻓِﺮو‬and ;‫ﺸ‬ ِ

practice, make sure you can identify the words on page 7 as either light or heavy.
c. In class I told you that there are altogether four major reasons for an ism to be light. We
will fill out those reasons on page 8 throughout the course.

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PART 3: Flexibility of Status

Your notes should look like the following:

1. Fully Flexible/ Normal (all the words on page 6 and any word consistent with the
endings on page 6)

2. Non Flexible (words that show no change regardless of R, N, J) Examples:

ْ J‫ْﻓَﻦ اﻟ‬Mِ J ‫ي ا‬
‫ﺘ ُﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ْ MJ‫ﻳﺎ ُﻫَﺪى ا‬J‫ ّﺮ‬Gَ‫ﻚ َز‬
ِ
َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ
‫ ﻫﺬا ذﻟ‬n‫ ِﻋﻴ‬n‫ُﻣْﻮ‬
ِ ِ

3. Partly Flexible
In class we limited our discussion to two kinds of partly flexibles; specific names of
places & non-Arabs. Partly flexible have a slightly different scheme when going from raf’
to nasb to jarr.
While a regular Arabic word like ‫ ﺻﺎﻟِﺢ‬would have the scheme ‫ﺻﺎﻟٌِﺢ‬ َ for Raf’, ‫ﺻﺎﻟًﺎ‬
َ for Nasb
ِ
and ‫ﺻﺎﻟٍِﺢ‬َ for Jarr, a partly flexible ism like ‫( إْﺳَﻤﺎﻗﻴْﻞ‬non-Arab) would have the scheme for
ِ ِ
ُْ َ ْ َْ َ ْ َْ َ ْ
‫ إِﺳﻤﺎِﻗﻴﻞ‬for Raf’, ‫ إِﺳﻤﺎِﻗﻴﻞ‬for Nasb and ‫ إِﺳﻤﺎِﻗﻴﻞ‬for Jarr.
In other words, partly flexible isms have to be light and can never take an ‘i’ or ‫ﻛﺴة‬
sound. Recall that lightness means that the word cannot have double accent like ‘un’
‘an’ ‘in’, nor can its combination end with a ‫ن‬.

4. In class I shared with you that only four of the prophets are Arabs according to a hadith
of the Messenger (S).
ُ َُ
These four are ‫ﺷَﻌﻴْﺐ‬, ‫ُﻫْﻮد‬, ‫ﺻﺎﻟِﺢ‬
َ and ‫ﻤﺪ‬J‫ﻣ‬ . These names will not be considered partly
flexible because they are Arabs. All other names of prophets therefore will be assumed
non-Arab. This eliminates the guessing game for you. Otherwise you would have been
left in dark wondering which names are Arab in the Qur’an and which aren’t. Here are
some raf’ nasb and jarr schemes for a variety of words that are fully, partly and non-
flexible.

Explanation Jarr Nasb Raf’

Fully flexible
‫َﺻﺎﻟٍِﺢ‬ ‫َﺻﺎِﻟ ًﺎ‬ ‫َﺻﺎﻟٌِﺢ‬
َُْ َُْ َُْ
Partly flexible because he’s not Arab
‫ﻓﻌﻘْﻮَب‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻘْﻮَب‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻘْﻮُب‬

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َ J َ J ُ J
Partly flexible because it’s a location
‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬
َْ َْ َْ
Partly flexible because it’s a location
‫ﺜَب‬ ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺜَب‬ ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺜُب‬ ِ ‫ﻳ‬
J J J
Partly flexible for two possible reasons: it is a non-Arab
‫َﺟَﻬﻨَﻢ‬ ‫َﺟَﻬﻨَﻢ‬ ‫َﺟَﻬﻨُﻢ‬
word originating from Persian and, of course it’s a
location.
ٌ
Fully flexible because it’s a regular Arab name
‫َزﻳٍْﺪ‬ ‫َزﻳًْﺪا‬ ‫َزﻳْﺪ‬
Partly flexible because he’s a non-Arab
‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴَﻢ‬ ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴَﻢ‬ ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴُﻢ‬
َ َ َ
Non-flexible even though we were expecting partly
n‫ُﻣْﻮ‬ n‫ُﻣْﻮ‬ n‫ُﻣْﻮ‬
flexible being that he’s non-Arab. It is non-flexible
because of the way it’s spelled. It ends with an alif which
cannot carry any accents.
Since that is the case, we can’t modify the word at all.
Therefore, it is the same in raf’, nasb or jarr i.e. non-
flexible
Same as nَ‫ُﻣْﻮ‬ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ
n‫ِﻋﻴ‬ n‫ِﻋﻴ‬ n‫ِﻋﻴ‬

5. The Exception: Places or Non-Arabs can be treated as regular Arabic words, i.e. fully
flexibles if they are spelled with three letters. So even though the following words are
non-Arabs and places, they aren’t considered partly flexible. The following words are
examples of exceptions:

ُ ُ ُ
‫ ﻧْﻮٌح ﻧْﻮًﺣﺎ ﻧْﻮٍح‬Non Arab Prophet, but name is spelled with three letters.
ُ ُ ُ
‫ ﻟﻮٌط ﻟْﻮًﻃﺎ ﻟْﻮٍط‬Non Arab Prophet, but name is spelled with three letters.
ٌ
‫ َﺨد َﺨًدا َﺨٍد‬Non Arab name, spelled with three letters.
ْ ًْ ٌ ْ
‫ َﻋﺪن َﻋﺪﻧﺎ َﻋﺪٍن‬Name of place, spelled with three letters.

J
Recall that ‫ ﻣﻜ‬and ‫ آدم‬are not qualified because they aren’t actually three letters (two
ّ
‫’ك‬s in ‫ ﻣﻜﺔ‬and two ‫’ا‬s in ‫ آدم‬make them four letters each). Their raf’ nasb jarr scheme will
therefore be just like some of the partly flexibles illustrated in point 4.

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6. Point 6 is not officially part of the course. It is being mentioned for your information
only. Here is a thorough list of all the different kinds of words that are considered partly
flexible (u, a, a for r, n, j respectively) in the Arabic language:
I. Singular words that end with a stretched alif & hamza (‫ )أﻟﻒ ﻣﺪودة‬for instance:
َ
‫ﺣْﺴﻨَﺂُء َﺳْﻤﺮآُء ﺣَْﺮآُء َﺳْﻮَدآُء‬
َ ‫َﻧﻴَْﻀﺂُء‬

II. Plural that have stretched alif and hamza such as:
ُ َُ َ ْ َ َْ َْ
‫أﻧِﺒﻴَﺂُء أﺗِﻘﻴَﺂُء أﺷِﻘﻴَﺂُء ُﻋﻠَﻤﺂُء ﻓﻘَﻬﺂُء أَدَﺑﺂُء‬
III. Certain kinds of plurals that have an alif in the middle somewhere such as
ُ ‫َﻣَﺴﺎﺟُﺪ َﻛﻮاﻛ‬
ُ ْ ‫ﺐ َﻣَﺴﺎﻛ‬
‫ﻴ َﻣَﺼﺎﻧِﻴُْﺢ‬ ِ ِ ِ
IV. Unique Arab names (names that exist for one gender and don’t have a counterpart in
the opposite gender) eg:
ُ َ ُ ْ َ ُ ََْ َُ َ ُ
‫ﺐ ﺧِﺪﻳَﺔ ﻓﺎِﻃَﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎِوﻳﺔ زﻳﻨ‬
V. Any particular name in Arabic that sounds like a fi’l such as
ْ
‫أﺣَُﺪ َﻳِﺰْﻳُﺪ‬
VI. Non Arab or Places spelled with more than three letters such as
ْ ْ ُJ ُ
‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫﻴُْﻢ إِْﺳَﻤﺎِﻗﻴْﻞ ُﻣﻜﺔ إِدِرﻳُﺲ‬
VII. Any name that ends with ‫ ان‬such as
ُ َْ ُ ْ ُ ْ ُ ْ ُ ُ
‫ﻏْﻌَﻤﺎن ُﺳﻠﻤﺎن ُﻗﺜَﻤﺎن ِرﺿَﻮان ُﻋﺪﻧﺎن‬
VIII. Any adjective that ends with ‫ ان‬such as
ُ ْ َ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ
‫ﻴان ﻏﻀﺒَﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺸﺎن ﺟﻮﺨن ﺣ‬
IX. Any compound name that is actually made of two words fused together such as
J َ َ ْ ‫ﺣ‬
‫ت َﻧْﻌﻠﺒَﻚ‬
َ ‫ﻀُﻣْﻮ‬ َ

X. Any names that are actually three letters shortened versions of a bigger word such as
ٌ ُ
‫ َﺨِﻣٌﺮ‬becomes ‫ُﻗَﻤُﺮ‬ ‫ َزاِﺣﻞ‬becomes ‫ُزَﺣﻞ‬
XI. Any comparative/superlative adjectives that sound like a fi’l such as
ُ َْ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ َُْ َ
‫ﺒ أﻋﺨُﺰ أﺣَُﻖ أﻛَﺮُم أﻓَﻀﻞ‬ ‫أﻛ‬
XII. An ism used for numerical purposes; 3 each, 4 each etc.
ُ ُ ُ َُ
5 each ‫ ﺧﺎُس‬4 each ‫ ُرﺑﺎع‬3 each ‫ﺛﻼث‬

PART 4: Answers for Surah Al-Qari’ah Words

َ َ َْ ُ َ ْ َُْْ َ ْ
‫ اﻟﻘﺎِرَﻋﺔ‬raf’, ‫ َﻳْﻮَم‬nasb, ‫ اﺠﺎُس‬raf’, ‫ اﻟﻔَﺮاِش‬jarr, ‫ث‬
ِ ‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺜﻮ‬jarr, ‫ﻟﺒﺎل‬ِ ‫ ا‬raf’, ‫ اﻟِﻌﻬِﻦ‬jarr, ‫ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻮِش‬jarr, ‫ ِﻋﻴﺸٍﺔ‬jarr,
ٌ َ ٌ َ
‫ َراِﺿﻴٍَﺔ‬jarr, ‫ َﻫﺎِوَﻳﺔ‬raf’, ‫ ﻧﺎٌر‬raf’, ‫ﺣﺎِﻣﻴَﺔ‬ raf’

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