Part 1: Three Kinds of Words in Arabic

Dream Worldwide Unit 1
Day 1:
Welcome to Arabic class. From now on, you will be getting an email summarizing the materials covered each preceding
day. Why not give you this material ahead of time? Because I am convinced it is more helpful to you as a review aide
than as a class prep document. Please don’t share these documents with others and keep them for your own reference
َ
as a class trust ‫ أﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬.
After getting the introductory comments and most of the chaos of class registration out of the way, we began
our journey into the Arabic language. Our session can be divided into three main parts:
PART 1: THREE KINDS OF WORDS IN ARABIC
Fill this out based on the notes you took in class:
AN ‫ اﺳﻢ‬ISM could be a
A ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬Fi’l is a
And a ‫ ﺣﺮف‬is a
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We briefly stated that the _____________ (fill in the blanks from now on) has four properties:
1.
2.
3.
4.
We didn’t give definitions for these four properties but rather just listed them for future reference.
PART 2: LABELLING THINGS R, N & J
When you find a ‘doer’, label it with the letter R. Another way of looking at the label ‘R’ is that it answers the
question ‘Who / What did the Fi’l?
When you find a detail in regards to the Fi’l, label it with the letter ‘N’. Another way of looking at ‘N’ is that it
answer all the additional questions like who, what, where, when, how & why. If you think of the fi’l ‘ he
helped’, the ‘N’ label would go to answers of each of the following questions:
Who did he help? Where did he help? How did he help? When did he help? What did he help? Why did he
help?
When you get any word in English falling after an ‘of’, label it with a ‘J’. Sometimes the ‘J’ isn’t obvious and
you have to deduce it. At first glance, the phrase ‘your car’ has no ‘J’ but if I rephrase it as ‘a car of yours’ then
I can see that the word ‘your’ deserved the label ‘J’.
Can you find all the R’s, N’s and J’s in the following sentences? The underlined words are fi’l so they don’t
get these labels.
The ( ) students waited ( )outside ( )patiently ( )last night.
The ( ) scholar taught ( )the attendees of ( )the program ( )effectively.
The ( ) economy lost ( )momentum.
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ُ ‫ َر‬means ‘a man’. 7َ‫ َو‬means ‘a boy’.

We went through the following exercise: ‫رَس‬2‫ َد‬means taught. ‫ﺟﻞ‬
Between 7‫ و‬and ‫رﺟﻞ‬, whichever one ends with an ‘un’ sound must be the ‘doer’ of teaching.
Therefore, translate the following:
َ ٌُ َ َ2َ
‫ا‬7ً ‫َو‬ ‫ﺟﻞ‬ ‫درس ر‬ 1.
ٌ ُ َ َ
‫ﺟﻞ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬7ً ‫رَس َو‬2‫َد‬ 2.
َ ً ُ َ
7ٌ ‫َو‬ ‫ﺟﻼ‬ ‫رَس ر‬2‫َد‬ 3.
َ ً ُ َ
7ٌ ‫رَس َو‬2‫ﺟﻼ َد‬ ‫ر‬ 4.
ٌ ُ َ َ
‫ﺟﻞ‬ ‫رَس ر‬2‫ا َد‬7ً ‫َو‬ 5.
Based on this exercise, we noted that English identifies the doer based on sentence sequence. In
other words, if we say, ‘Bob helped Joe’, then Bob is the doer and if we say ‘Joe helped Bob’, then
Joe is the doer. In Arabic on the other hand, it isn’t the sequence but the way a word sounds at its
end that determines whether it’s the doer (R), the detail (N) or after ‘of’ (J).
At this point in class we took some notes. Fill out the following blanks with the help of your notes:
Status
Lesson 1: of Status
َْ
‫ رﻓﻊ‬Raf’ is the
َ
‫ ﻧْﺼﺐ‬Nasb is the
َ Jarr is the
‫ﺟّﺮ‬
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Lesson 2: Status
a. By Ending ( ): U/UN for _________, A/AN for _________, I/IN for __________.
b. By Ending ( ) : There are three groups. Each group has 3 members (a Raf’
member, a Nasb member and a Jarr member). A word can either have an ending ___________ or
an ending ______________ but never both at the same time. You should always check for an
ending ________________ before checking for an ending ________________.
Masculine Group:
َ
OONA like ‫ ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬stands for plural raf’
َ ْ ‫ ُﻣْﺴﻠﻤ‬stands for plural nasb

EENA like ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ
َ ْ ‫ ُﻣْﺴﻠﻤ‬stands for a plural jarr
EENA like ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ
Pair Group:
AANI like ‫ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬stands for 2 raf’
َْ ْ ُ
AYNI like ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫ ﻣﺴِﻠﻤ‬stands for 2 nasb
َْ ْ ُ
AYNI like ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫ ﻣﺴِﻠﻤ‬stands for 2 jarr
Feminine Group:
ٌ
AATUN like ‫ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎت‬stands for plural fem. raf’
AATIN like ‫ت‬ َ ْ ُ

ٍ ‫ ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺎ‬stands for plural fem. nasb
AATIN like ‫ت‬ َ ْ ُ

ٍ ‫ ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺎ‬stands for plural fem. Jarr
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We practiced identifying raf’ from nasb from jarr informally based on random selections from the
Qur’an. In the passage below, see if you can tell what status each red word is. Make sure to check
for combinations first.
َْ َ ُ 2 ُ ُ َ َ َْ َُ َْ َ َ ََْ َ َ ُ َْ ُ َْ
‫﴾ ﻳﻮم ﻳﻜﻮن اﺠﺎس ﻛﻟﻔﺮاِش‬٣﴿ ‫﴾ وﻣﺎ أدراك ﻣﺎ اﻟﻘﺎِرﻋﺔ‬٢﴿ ‫﴾ َﻣﺎ اﻟﻘﺎِرَﻋﺔ‬١﴿ ‫اﻟﻘﺎِرَﻋﺔ‬
َ
َ ُ َ ُُ َ َ ْ َ َُ َ 2ََ ُ َْ ْ ْ َ ُ َْ ُ ُ ََ َُْْ
‫﴾ ﻓﻬﻮ ِﻓ‬٦﴿ ‫﴾ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﻮاِزﻳﻨﻪ‬٥﴿ ‫ﻟﺒﺎل ﻛﻟِﻌﻬِﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻮِش‬
ِ ‫﴾ وﺗﻜﻮن ا‬٤﴿ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺜﻮِث‬
َْ َ َ ََْ ََ ٌ َ َ ُ ُّ ُ َ ُ ُ َ َ ْ 2 َ ْ َ 2 ََ َ ‫را‬2 ‫ﻋﻴَﺸﺔ‬
﴾١٠﴿ ‫﴾ وﻣﺎ أدراك ﻣﺎ ِﻫﻴﻪ‬٩﴿ ‫﴾ ﻓﺄﻣﻪ ﻫﺎِوﻳﺔ‬٨﴿ ‫﴾ وأﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻔﺖ ﻣﻮاِزﻳﻨﻪ‬٧﴿ ‫ﺿﻴٍﺔ‬ِ ٍ ِ
ٌَ َ َ
﴾١١﴿ ‫ﻧﺎٌر ﺣﺎِﻣﻴﺔ‬
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Dream Worldwide Unit 1

PART 1: THREE KINDS OF WORDS IN ARABIC

Fill this out based on the notes you took in class:

PART 2: LABELLING THINGS R, N & J

The ( ) students waited ( )outside ( )patiently ( )last night.

The ( ) scholar taught ( )the attendees of ( )the program ( )effectively.

The ( ) economy lost ( )momentum.

ُ ‫ َر‬means ‘a man’. 7َ‫ َو‬means ‘a boy’.

َ ْ ‫ ُﻣْﺴﻠﻤ‬stands for plural nasb

AATIN like ‫ت‬ َ ْ ُ

AATIN like ‫ت‬ َ ْ ُ

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